Article(id=1153433640081019702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250111001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1736524800000, receivedDateStr=2025-01-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929609555, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929609555, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929609555, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929609555, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=199, endPage=207, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433640911491919, articleId=1153433640081019702, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Development and shelf-life prediction of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage, columnId=1153429494506447365, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Development and Detection of Health Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a Dioscorea polystachya-based probiotic beverage and assess its shelf life. Methods Using Dioscorea polystachya as the raw material, pH, viable cell count, and sensory evaluation were selected as indicators to screen suitable fermentation strains. The fermentation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. The changes in viable cell count, sensory quality, soluble solids, pH, and total phenolic content of the beverage were studied during 30 days of storage at different temperatures (4, 25, 35 °C). A shelf life model was established based on the Arrhenius equation and first-order kinetic reaction, which was then used to predict the shelf life of the Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage. Results Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were selected as the fermentation strains, with a ratio of 1:2:2. The optimal fermentation conditions were 4.5% sucrose, 4% inoculum, 48 hours fermentation time, and a fermentation temperature of 33 °C. The beverage stored at 4 °C showed better stability. The chemical kinetics model predicted the shelf life of the Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage to be 37 days under 4 °C storage conditions. Conclusion By optimizing the fermentation process and establishing a shelf life prediction model, this study provides theoretical and technical support for the production and storage of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverages, which can maintain good quality for an extended period under low-temperature storage conditions.

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目的 研制山药益生菌饮料并评估其货架期。方法 以山药为原料, pH、活菌数和感官评价为指标, 筛选出适合发酵山药饮料的菌种, 并通过正交试验优化发酵工艺, 研究不同温度(4、25、35 ℃)下贮藏30 d饮料活菌数、感官品质、可溶性固形物、pH和总酚含量的变化, 根据Arrhenius方程和一级动力学反应建立货架期模型, 通过此模型对山药益生菌饮料的货架期进行预测。结果 植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为发酵菌种且3者比例为1:2:2; 发酵条件为蔗糖添加量4.5%、接种量4%、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度33 ℃。在4 ℃贮藏下饮料具有更好的稳定性, 基于化学动力学模型预测在4 ℃条件下山药益生菌饮料的货架期为37 d。结论 通过优化发酵工艺并建立货架期预测模型, 本研究为山药益生菌饮料的生产和贮藏提供了理论依据和技术支持, 且在低温贮藏下的饮料能够保持较长时间的良好品质。

, correspAuthors=狄建兵, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 狄建兵(1978—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:
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罗康菁(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:

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罗康菁(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:

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注: 同一指标不同字母表示差异显著(P<0.05), 下同。

, figureFileSmall=gMxXmq5VVfuA+PXhN1RFFQ==, figureFileBig=fUqrjxYRiUA2rZK3n5pwhQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976102445886, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of inoculum size on pH and viable bacteria count of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage, figureFileSmall=uiOa6y+YZMbiamyvfFyd0w==, figureFileBig=qCgp1ufFdwCqVHZ1J2vbaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976194720575, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图2, caption=接种量对山药益生菌饮料pH和活菌数的影响, figureFileSmall=uiOa6y+YZMbiamyvfFyd0w==, figureFileBig=qCgp1ufFdwCqVHZ1J2vbaQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976274412352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of fermentation temperature on pH and viable bacteria count of dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage, figureFileSmall=kgQsblg5DqKs2xoi1GevFw==, figureFileBig=uaSjjNy6DxJMXAFKh35brA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976328938305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图3, caption=发酵温度对山药益生菌饮料pH和活菌数的影响, figureFileSmall=kgQsblg5DqKs2xoi1GevFw==, figureFileBig=uaSjjNy6DxJMXAFKh35brA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976400241474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of fermentation time on pH and viable bacteria count of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage, figureFileSmall=YbGlUDoZ+EEdZ9PRuGXKMw==, figureFileBig=nivhA3948aG5AscAfhRdTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976488321859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图4, caption=发酵时间对山药益生菌饮料pH和活菌数的影响, figureFileSmall=YbGlUDoZ+EEdZ9PRuGXKMw==, figureFileBig=nivhA3948aG5AscAfhRdTQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976542847812, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Changes in viable bacterial counts of dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverages during storage at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=0pkhHU9SjRq3FBWoajmEIg==, figureFileBig=GNs6hql4ngA09ReV48vfGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976614150981, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图5, caption=不同温度下山药益生菌饮料贮藏期活菌数的变化, figureFileSmall=0pkhHU9SjRq3FBWoajmEIg==, figureFileBig=GNs6hql4ngA09ReV48vfGQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976672871238, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Changes in sensory scores of dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage during storage at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=cY7n29FrGfCtD7UCTDgslQ==, figureFileBig=RLc4L7ei3tFMSy/szwGhXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976727397191, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同温度下山药益生菌饮料贮藏期感官评分变化, figureFileSmall=cY7n29FrGfCtD7UCTDgslQ==, figureFileBig=RLc4L7ei3tFMSy/szwGhXQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976790311752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Changes in soluble solids of dioscorea polystachya probiotic drink at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=cYajmpkZqafJI0eOLOITcA==, figureFileBig=4x3+SN9EYEE3yftrLJQlKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976853226313, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图7, caption=不同温度下山药益生菌饮料可溶性固形物变化, figureFileSmall=cYajmpkZqafJI0eOLOITcA==, figureFileBig=4x3+SN9EYEE3yftrLJQlKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976911946570, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Change in pH of dioscorea polystachya probiotic drink at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=3CcBGh+Mb3tns6vG32EP0A==, figureFileBig=LLZ+fW6ju8LrGlEvlzPTmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086976970666827, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图8, caption=不同温度下山药益生菌饮料pH的变化, figureFileSmall=3CcBGh+Mb3tns6vG32EP0A==, figureFileBig=LLZ+fW6ju8LrGlEvlzPTmg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086977033581388, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Changes in total phenolic content of dioscorea polystachya probiotic drink at different temperatures, figureFileSmall=nt36kAo6c3rQk+Dlci/NeA==, figureFileBig=ceuDF2M12DgLXCxh4c0/5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086977109078861, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=图9, caption=不同温度下山药益生菌饮料总酚含量的变化, figureFileSmall=nt36kAo6c3rQk+Dlci/NeA==, figureFileBig=ceuDF2M12DgLXCxh4c0/5w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086977171993422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Proportion test of Dioscorea polystachya fermentation strains

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
植物乳杆菌/% 保加利亚乳杆菌/% 嗜热链球菌/%
1 0.5 1.0 1.5
2 1.0 1.5 2.0
3 1.5 2.0 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977234907983, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

山药发酵菌种比例试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
植物乳杆菌/% 保加利亚乳杆菌/% 嗜热链球菌/%
1 0.5 1.0 1.5
2 1.0 1.5 2.0
3 1.5 2.0 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977306211152, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Orthogonal experiment of the Dioscorea polystachya fermentation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
蔗糖添加量/% 接种量/% 发酵时间/h 发酵温度/℃
1 4.0 2 32 33
2 4.5 3 40 36
3 5.0 4 48 39
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977390097233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

山药发酵条件正交试验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
蔗糖添加量/% 接种量/% 发酵时间/h 发酵温度/℃
1 4.0 2 32 33
2 4.5 3 40 36
3 5.0 4 48 39
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977469789010, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria of dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 评分标准 分值/分
外观 饮料均匀稳定, 无杂质和沉淀 16~25
饮料较均匀, 稍有沉淀, 不含杂质 11~15
饮料含有明显杂质或含有大量沉淀 0~10
色泽 色泽正常, 乳白色 16~25
色泽略发黄, 暗淡 11~15
色深, 发深黄色 6~10
色极深 0~5
香气 有清新的山药香味, 香气浓郁, 无其他异味 16~25
香味适中 11~15
香味较淡, 甚至无山药味道 0~10
口感 酸甜适中, 口感柔和细腻 16~25
口感一般, 酸甜比例失调 11~15
口味过酸, 口感很差 0~10
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977574646611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

山药益生菌饮料感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 评分标准 分值/分
外观 饮料均匀稳定, 无杂质和沉淀 16~25
饮料较均匀, 稍有沉淀, 不含杂质 11~15
饮料含有明显杂质或含有大量沉淀 0~10
色泽 色泽正常, 乳白色 16~25
色泽略发黄, 暗淡 11~15
色深, 发深黄色 6~10
色极深 0~5
香气 有清新的山药香味, 香气浓郁, 无其他异味 16~25
香味适中 11~15
香味较淡, 甚至无山药味道 0~10
口感 酸甜适中, 口感柔和细腻 16~25
口感一般, 酸甜比例失调 11~15
口味过酸, 口感很差 0~10
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977658532692, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

pH, viable bacteria counts and sensory scores of different strains of bacteria in Dioscorea polystachya pulp

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种 pH 活菌数
/[lg(CFU/mL)]
感官评分/分
植物乳杆菌 3.56±0.02 8.05±0.03 92.93±0.61
鼠李糖乳杆菌 3.64±0.01 8.01±0.03 78.93±0.83
嗜热链球菌 3.88±0.03 8.45±0.12 88.47±0.76
乳双歧杆菌 3.54±0.02 8.55±0.24 72.56±1.42
保加利亚乳杆菌 3.61±0.01 8.10±0.02 90.73±0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977755001685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同菌种在山药浆中的pH、活菌数及感官评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
菌种 pH 活菌数
/[lg(CFU/mL)]
感官评分/分
植物乳杆菌 3.56±0.02 8.05±0.03 92.93±0.61
鼠李糖乳杆菌 3.64±0.01 8.01±0.03 78.93±0.83
嗜热链球菌 3.88±0.03 8.45±0.12 88.47±0.76
乳双歧杆菌 3.54±0.02 8.55±0.24 72.56±1.42
保加利亚乳杆菌 3.61±0.01 8.10±0.02 90.73±0.42
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977851470678, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Experimental results of Dioscorea polystachya fermentation strain ratio

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A植物
乳杆菌/%
B保加利亚
乳杆菌/%
C嗜热链
球菌/%
感官评分
/分
1 0.5 1.0 1.5 72.87
2 0.5 1.5 2.0 85.34
3 0.5 2.0 2.5 77.96
4 1.0 1.0 2.0 82.57
5 1.0 1.5 2.5 74.21
6 1.0 2.0 1.5 93.58
7 1.5 1.0 2.5 69.87
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 78.68
9 1.5 2.0 2.0 88.12
K1 236.17 225.31 245.13
K2 250.36 238.23 256.03
K3 236.67 259.66 222.04
k1 78.72 75.10 81.71
k2 83.45 79.41 85.34
k3 78.89 86.55 74.01
R 4.73 11.45 11.33
), ArticleFig(id=1175086977956328279, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

山药发酵菌种比例的试验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A植物
乳杆菌/%
B保加利亚
乳杆菌/%
C嗜热链
球菌/%
感官评分
/分
1 0.5 1.0 1.5 72.87
2 0.5 1.5 2.0 85.34
3 0.5 2.0 2.5 77.96
4 1.0 1.0 2.0 82.57
5 1.0 1.5 2.5 74.21
6 1.0 2.0 1.5 93.58
7 1.5 1.0 2.5 69.87
8 1.5 1.5 1.5 78.68
9 1.5 2.0 2.0 88.12
K1 236.17 225.31 245.13
K2 250.36 238.23 256.03
K3 236.67 259.66 222.04
k1 78.72 75.10 81.71
k2 83.45 79.41 85.34
k3 78.89 86.55 74.01
R 4.73 11.45 11.33
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978065380184, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Orthogonal results and analysis of fermentation conditions of dioscorea polystachya drink

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素和水平 检测指标
试验号 L蔗糖
添加量/%
M接种量
/%
N发酵
时间/h
O发酵温度
/℃
活菌数
/[lg(CFU/mL)]
1 4.0 2 32 33 9.327
2 4.0 3 40 36 9.093
3 4.0 4 48 39 9.354
4 4.5 2 40 39 9.137
5 4.5 3 48 33 9.438
6 4.5 4 32 36 9.223
7 5.0 2 48 36 9.215
8 5.0 3 32 39 9.203
9 5.0 4 40 33 9.367
K1 27.774 27.679 27.753 28.132
K2 27.798 27.734 27.597 27.531
K3 27.785 27.944 28.007 27.694
k1 9.258 9.226 9.251 9.377
k2 9.266 9.245 9.199 9.177
k3 9.262 9.315 9.336 9.231
R 0.008 0.088 0.137 0.200
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978132489049, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

山药饮料发酵条件正交结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
因素和水平 检测指标
试验号 L蔗糖
添加量/%
M接种量
/%
N发酵
时间/h
O发酵温度
/℃
活菌数
/[lg(CFU/mL)]
1 4.0 2 32 33 9.327
2 4.0 3 40 36 9.093
3 4.0 4 48 39 9.354
4 4.5 2 40 39 9.137
5 4.5 3 48 33 9.438
6 4.5 4 32 36 9.223
7 5.0 2 48 36 9.215
8 5.0 3 32 39 9.203
9 5.0 4 40 33 9.367
K1 27.774 27.679 27.753 28.132
K2 27.798 27.734 27.597 27.531
K3 27.785 27.944 28.007 27.694
k1 9.258 9.226 9.251 9.377
k2 9.266 9.245 9.199 9.177
k3 9.262 9.315 9.336 9.231
R 0.008 0.088 0.137 0.200
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978203792218, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Kinetic model parameters of sensory scores for dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverages at different storage temperatures.

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 零级动力学模型 一级动力学模型
拟合方程 k R2 拟合方程 k R2
4 Y=‒0.9693X+94.177 ‒0.9693 0.9841 Y= 94.855e‒0.012X ‒0.012 0.9913
25 Y=‒1.5893X+94.115 ‒1.5893 0.9819 Y= 96.472e‒0.023X ‒0.023 0.9902
35 Y=‒1.7445X+94.196 ‒1.7445 0.9814 Y= 97.41e‒0.026X ‒0.026 0.9820
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978262512475, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同贮藏温度下山药益生菌饮料感官评分的动力学模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 零级动力学模型 一级动力学模型
拟合方程 k R2 拟合方程 k R2
4 Y=‒0.9693X+94.177 ‒0.9693 0.9841 Y= 94.855e‒0.012X ‒0.012 0.9913
25 Y=‒1.5893X+94.115 ‒1.5893 0.9819 Y= 96.472e‒0.023X ‒0.023 0.9902
35 Y=‒1.7445X+94.196 ‒1.7445 0.9814 Y= 97.41e‒0.026X ‒0.026 0.9820
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978342204252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Kinetic model parameters of viable bacterial counts in dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverages at different storage temperatures

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 零级动力学模型 一级动力学模型
拟合方程 k R2 拟合方程 k R2
4 Y=‒0.0978X+9.4671 ‒0.0978 0.9802 Y=9.5377e‒0.012X ‒0.012 0.9849
25 Y=‒0.1275X+9.1975 ‒0.1275 0.9867 Y=9.3573e‒0.018X ‒0.018 0.9872
35 Y=‒0.1542X+8.9485 ‒0.1542 0.9654 Y=9.143e‒0.023X ‒0.023 0.9905
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978421896029, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同贮藏温度下山药益生菌饮料活菌数的动力学模型参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
温度/℃ 零级动力学模型 一级动力学模型
拟合方程 k R2 拟合方程 k R2
4 Y=‒0.0978X+9.4671 ‒0.0978 0.9802 Y=9.5377e‒0.012X ‒0.012 0.9849
25 Y=‒0.1275X+9.1975 ‒0.1275 0.9867 Y=9.3573e‒0.018X ‒0.018 0.9872
35 Y=‒0.1542X+8.9485 ‒0.1542 0.9654 Y=9.143e‒0.023X ‒0.023 0.9905
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978484810590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Validation and error analysis of the shelf life of dioscorea polystachya probiotic drink

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 温度/℃ 预测值/d 实际值/d 相对误差/%
感官评分/分 4 39.00 42 7.69
25 21.77 21 -3.54
35 17.28 19 9.95
活菌数/[lg(CFU/mL)] 4 37.48 39 4.06
25 23.98 25 4.25
35 19.78 18 -9.00
), ArticleFig(id=1175086978564502367, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433640081019702, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

山药益生菌饮料货架期的验证及误差

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 温度/℃ 预测值/d 实际值/d 相对误差/%
感官评分/分 4 39.00 42 7.69
25 21.77 21 -3.54
35 17.28 19 9.95
活菌数/[lg(CFU/mL)] 4 37.48 39 4.06
25 23.98 25 4.25
35 19.78 18 -9.00
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山药益生菌饮料的研制及其货架期预测
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罗康菁 1 , 文绍聪 1 , 张豆豆 1 , 狄建兵 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025,16(6): 199-207
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025, 16(6): 199-207
山药益生菌饮料的研制及其货架期预测
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罗康菁1 , 文绍聪1, 张豆豆1, 狄建兵1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1.山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院, 晋中 030801
  • 2.山西省果蔬贮藏保鲜与加工技术创新中心, 晋中 030801
  • 罗康菁(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 狄建兵(1978—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:
Development and shelf-life prediction of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage
Kang-Jing LUO1 , Shao-Cong WEN1, Dou-Dou ZHANG1, Jian-Bing DI1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Shanxi Agricultural University, Jinzhong 030801, China
  • 2. Shanxi Provincial Innovation Center for Fruit and Vegetable Storage, Preservation and Processing Technology, Jinzhong 030801, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250111001
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目的 研制山药益生菌饮料并评估其货架期。方法 以山药为原料, pH、活菌数和感官评价为指标, 筛选出适合发酵山药饮料的菌种, 并通过正交试验优化发酵工艺, 研究不同温度(4、25、35 ℃)下贮藏30 d饮料活菌数、感官品质、可溶性固形物、pH和总酚含量的变化, 根据Arrhenius方程和一级动力学反应建立货架期模型, 通过此模型对山药益生菌饮料的货架期进行预测。结果 植物乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌和保加利亚乳杆菌为发酵菌种且3者比例为1:2:2; 发酵条件为蔗糖添加量4.5%、接种量4%、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度33 ℃。在4 ℃贮藏下饮料具有更好的稳定性, 基于化学动力学模型预测在4 ℃条件下山药益生菌饮料的货架期为37 d。结论 通过优化发酵工艺并建立货架期预测模型, 本研究为山药益生菌饮料的生产和贮藏提供了理论依据和技术支持, 且在低温贮藏下的饮料能够保持较长时间的良好品质。

山药  /  益生菌发酵  /  贮藏特性  /  货架期预测

Objective To develop a Dioscorea polystachya-based probiotic beverage and assess its shelf life. Methods Using Dioscorea polystachya as the raw material, pH, viable cell count, and sensory evaluation were selected as indicators to screen suitable fermentation strains. The fermentation process was optimized through orthogonal experiments. The changes in viable cell count, sensory quality, soluble solids, pH, and total phenolic content of the beverage were studied during 30 days of storage at different temperatures (4, 25, 35 °C). A shelf life model was established based on the Arrhenius equation and first-order kinetic reaction, which was then used to predict the shelf life of the Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage. Results Lactobacillus plantarum, Streptococcus thermophilus and Lactobacillus bulgaricus were selected as the fermentation strains, with a ratio of 1:2:2. The optimal fermentation conditions were 4.5% sucrose, 4% inoculum, 48 hours fermentation time, and a fermentation temperature of 33 °C. The beverage stored at 4 °C showed better stability. The chemical kinetics model predicted the shelf life of the Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage to be 37 days under 4 °C storage conditions. Conclusion By optimizing the fermentation process and establishing a shelf life prediction model, this study provides theoretical and technical support for the production and storage of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverages, which can maintain good quality for an extended period under low-temperature storage conditions.

Dioscorea polystachya  /  probiotic fermentation  /  storage characteristics  /  shelf-life prediction
罗康菁, 文绍聪, 张豆豆, 狄建兵. 山药益生菌饮料的研制及其货架期预测. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 199 -207 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250111001
Kang-Jing LUO, Shao-Cong WEN, Dou-Dou ZHANG, Jian-Bing DI. Development and shelf-life prediction of Dioscorea polystachya probiotic beverage[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 199 -207 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250111001
山药是一种传统的药食同源食品, 富含多种微量元素、维生素和纤维素, 具有很高的营养价值[1]。山药对人体免疫系统、血液循环系统和消化系统有显著的调理作用, 有良好的保健功能[23]。山药具有良好的发展前景、较高的社会价值和经济效益[4]
益生菌又称有益菌, 主要存在于人体口腔、皮肤、阴道和肠道等部位[5]。当摄入足量的益生菌, 会对宿主的健康有益[6]。益生菌还具有免疫、降血糖、降血脂、延缓衰老、抗癌、调节胃肠道菌群等功能[711]。益生菌发酵食品可以赋予食品特殊的发酵风味, 还可调节人体生理功能。然而, 益生菌应用于山药发酵的相关报道较少, 已有的文献大多聚焦于发酵条件的优化和口感调配方面[12], 关于贮藏特性和货架期的文献较少。
本研究通过优化发酵工艺和探究贮藏特性, 将山药益生菌饮料置于不同温度条件下贮藏, 测定其贮藏过程中感官品质和理化指标的变化。根据Arrhenius方程对零级或一级动力学反应进行适配度选择, 并基于贮藏期间感官评分和活菌数的变化预测其货架期[1314]。可为山药益生菌饮料在实际生产中的应用提供理论依据和技术支持。
新鲜山药(山西省晋中市太谷区御锦新天地生活超市); 嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌(≥100亿CFU/g, 西安聚生原生物科技有限公司)。
氯化钠、无水乙醇(分析纯, 天津市风船化学试剂科技有限公司); MC培养基、MRS培养基(生化试剂, 青岛高科技工业园海博生物技术有限公司); 亚硝酸钠(分析纯, 天津市福晨化学试剂厂); 福林酚(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 碳酸钠(分析纯, 天津市致远化学试剂有限公司); 没食子酸(分析纯, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 柠檬酸(食品级, 天津市津东天正精细化学试剂厂); 糖化酶(食品级, 南宁市东恒华道生物科技有限责任公司); 蔗糖(食品级, 广西来宾东糖凤凰有限公司)。
HP1300惠尔宝破壁料理机(深圳市新天宇科技有限公司); LRHS-250-Ⅱ恒温恒湿培养箱、HSY-26恒温水浴锅(上海跃进医疗器械有限公司); LDZX-75KBS立式高压灭菌器(上海申安医疗器械厂); SW-CJ-2FB超净工作台(浙江绍兴博纬仪器设备有限公司); ST3100 pH计[奥豪斯仪器(常州)有限公司]; PAL-1 NC ATAGO数字式糖度计(广州市爱宕科学仪器有限公司); MTQ500D电子天平(精度0.001 g, 深圳市美孚电子有限公司)。
新鲜山药→清洗去皮→切片护色→热烫→打浆→过滤→糊化→糖化→杀菌→接种→发酵→成品
原料预处理: 挑选新鲜、无腐烂、无霉变的山药作为原料, 清洗干净、去皮。
切片护色: 将山药切至为1 cm薄片左右, 在0.2%柠檬酸溶液中浸泡2 h护色[1]
打浆: 山药与水的比例为1:5进行打浆。
糊化: 在90~95 ℃条件下糊化30 min[15]
糖化: 糖化酶添加量为0.2%, 处理时间为3 h, 温度为60 ℃[16]
杀菌: 95 ℃温度下灭菌5 min, 冷却备用[17]
接种发酵: 将菌种接入杀菌后的山药浆中, 混合均匀后放入培养箱中进行发酵。
本研究选取饮料发酵中常用的嗜热链球菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、乳双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌作为发酵菌种。取灭菌后的山药浆按照1%的比例接种以上菌种, 在37 ℃下发酵24 h, 以pH、活菌数和感官评分为指标, 选择最佳的菌种。
通过预实验, 选取植物乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌、嗜热链球菌3个因素, 以感官评分为指标, 确定发酵菌种比例。试验因素与水平见表1
以山药浆为研究对象, 以pH、活菌数为评价指标, 研究不同蔗糖添加量、接种量、发酵时间、发酵温度对山药益生菌饮料的影响, 以确定各因素的最佳值。
(1)蔗糖添加量的确定
在发酵时间24 h、发酵温度36 ℃、接种量3%的条件下, 山药益生菌饮料的蔗糖添加量为3.0%、3.5%、4.0%、4.5%、5.0%, 以pH、活菌数为试验结果评价指标, 研究蔗糖添加量对山药益生菌饮料风味的影响。
(2)接种量的确定
在发酵时间24 h、发酵温度36 ℃、蔗糖添加量4%的条件下, 山药益生菌饮料的接种量为1%、2%、3%、4%、5%, 以pH、活菌数为试验结果评价指标, 研究不同接种量对山药益生菌饮料风味的影响。
(3)发酵时间的确定
在发酵温度36 ℃、蔗糖添加量4%、接种量3%的条件下, 山药益生菌饮料的发酵时间为8、16、24、32、40、48 h。以pH、活菌数为试验结果评价指标, 研究发酵时间对山药益生菌饮料风味的影响。
(4)发酵温度的确定
在发酵时间24 h、蔗糖添加量4%、接种量3%的条件下, 山药益生菌饮料的发酵温度为30、33、36、39、42 ℃。以pH、活菌数为试验结果评价指标, 研究发酵温度对山药益生菌饮料风味的影响。
在单因素试验的基础上, 以蔗糖添加量、接种量、发酵时间和发酵温度为研究因素, 以活菌数作为评价指标, 进行正交实验, 各因素水平见表2
将制得的饮料成品分别置于4、25和35 ℃下贮藏, 每5 d进行一次检测分析, 测定山药益生菌饮料的活菌数、感官评分、可溶性固形物含量、pH、总酚含量的变化。
货架期模型的建立基于数学建模思想, 以山药益生菌饮料为研究对象, 根据其在贮藏期间的感官评分和活菌数的变化[18], 将零级和一级反应动力学结合Arrhenius方程, 计算反应速率常数k, 根据决定系数R2的大小选择合适的动力学模型, 对饮料的货架期进行预测[19]计算见公式(1)~(2)。
零级反应动力学方程: A=A0+kt
一级反应动力学方程: lnA=lnA0+kt
式中: A为贮藏第t d的质量指标值; A0为贮藏第0 d的质量指标值; k为质量变化的速率常数; t为贮藏时间, h。
Arrhenius方程见公式(3)~(4)。
k=M×e-Ea/RT
取对数得$\ln k=\ln M-\frac{E\text{a}}{RT}$
式中: M为前因子; Ea为反应的表观活化能, J/mol; R为气体常数, 8.3144 J/(mol·K); T为绝对温度, K。
若采用零级反应动力学模型, 其预测模型见公式(5)。
S=$\frac{A-{{A}_{0}}}{M\times e(-\frac{E\text{a}}{RT})}$
若采用一级反应动力学模型, 其预测模型见公式(6)。
S=$\frac{\ln \frac{A}{{{A}_{0}}}}{M\times e(-\frac{E\text{a}}{RT})}$
式中: S为货架期, d; A为货架期结束时的质量指标值; A0为贮藏第0 d的质量指标值; k为质量变化的速率常数。
为验证所构建的预测模型的准确性, 将山药益生菌饮料分别贮藏于4、25和35 ℃, 并以感官评分和活菌数为评价指标进行模型验证, 通过相对误差(relative error, RE)对货架期模型进行验证[20], 当相对误差小于10%时该模型具有较高的预测精度。计算见公式(7)。
RE/%=$\frac{{{X}_{1}}-{{X}_{0}}}{{{X}_{0}}}$×100%
式中: X1为样品实际测量值; X0为模型预测值。
参考黄天等[21]的方法, 选取20名食品专业的同学对产品的4个方面进行评分, 总分为100分。感官评分标准参照表3
采用PAL-1型糖度计测定。测定前用蒸馏水校准仪器,将样品搅拌均匀后滴于棱镜表面, 读取稳定后的值。
采用ST3100型pH计进行测定。测定前用标准缓冲液校准仪器, 将电极浸入待测样品中, 待读数稳定后记录pH。
总酚含量的测定采用福林酚比色法[22]。以没食子酸含量表示总酚含量, 根据标准曲线计算总酚含量。
参照GB 4789.35—2023《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 乳酸菌检验》的方法测定活菌数。
采用Excel 2016、Graph Pad Prism 9.4.1、IBM SPSS 26.0对所得数据进行整理分析和绘图。试验重复3次, 结果取平均值。
表4可知, 在所测菌种中以乳双歧杆菌和植物乳杆菌的产酸量较高, pH分别为3.54±0.02和3.56±0.02, 其次是保加利亚乳杆菌、鼠李糖乳杆菌, 产酸能力最弱的是嗜热链球菌, pH为3.88±0.03。经保加利亚乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌发酵的山药浆颜色为白色, 而经其他3种菌发酵的山药浆颜色均有不同程度的褐变, 这可能是由于保加利亚乳杆菌和乳双歧杆菌在发酵过程中产生了抗氧化物质。经乳双歧杆菌发酵的山药浆呈现出刺鼻的味道, 而经保加利亚乳杆菌发酵的山药浆有较酸的味道, 其余3种菌种发酵的山药浆味道较淡。5种益生菌在山药浆中发酵24 h后, 乳双歧杆菌的活菌数最高为(8.55±0.24) lg(CFU/mL), 其次是嗜热链球菌、保加利亚乳杆菌和植物乳杆菌, 活菌数最低的为鼠李糖乳杆菌。综合考虑, 选嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌、保加利亚乳杆菌做后续发酵。
表5极差分析可知, 3种菌种对饮料感官评分的影响顺序为: 保加利亚乳杆菌>嗜热链球菌>植物乳杆菌。以感官评分为指标得到最优组合为A2B3C2, 但在正交试验中的最优组合是A2B3C1。因此需要与试验中的最优组合进行对比试验, 结果表明, 组合A2B3C1得到的感官评分为93.58, 而组合A2B3C2的感官评分为95.43。由此可得山药发酵菌种最优比例为植物乳杆菌:保加利亚乳杆菌:嗜热链球菌=1:2:2。
图1可知, 活菌数随着蔗糖添加量的增加呈现出先升高后降低的变化趋势, pH呈现出先降低后升高的趋势。这可能是因为蔗糖添加量的增加使山药浆中碳源增多, 为菌种提供了更多的能量和营养, 从而使菌种繁殖速度加快, 活菌数增多, pH降低。当蔗糖浓度过高时, 不仅会使山药益生菌饮料的口感过甜, 还会因渗透压的增大抑制菌种的生长繁殖, 导致活菌数减少, pH上升。因此蔗糖最佳添加量为4.5%, 此时山药饮料中活菌数达到9.28 lg(CFU/mL), pH为3.05。
图2可知, 随着接种量的增加, 活菌数的变化先快速上升后趋于稳定。当接种量超过3%时, 活菌数变化不显著。这是因为在发酵初期, 培养基中的营养物质丰富, 菌种生长繁殖较快, 活菌数显著增加; 但随着营养物质的减少和pH的降低, 菌种的生长受到限制, 活菌数趋于稳定。随着接种量的增加, pH先下降后趋于稳定。当接种量为3%时, 活菌数为9.241 lg(CFU/mL), pH为2.93。因此, 本研究选取3%为合适的接种量。
图3可知, 随着发酵温度的升高, 活菌数的变化趋势和pH的变化趋势呈相反趋势。当发酵温度为30 ℃时, 菌种代谢不活跃, 此时山药饮料中的活菌数和产酸量都较小。当发酵温度为42 ℃时, 菌种生长较慢, 导致活菌数下降, pH升高。当温度为36 ℃时, 山药饮料中的活菌数和产酸量均较大。故选取36 ℃为合适的发酵温度。
图4可知, 随着发酵时间的延长, 活菌数呈先上升后下降的趋势, 而pH则持续下降。发酵40 h后, 活菌数达到最高值9.29 lg(CFU/mL)。发酵至48 h时, pH降至最低点2.86。这是因为随着发酵时间延长, 产酸量不断增加导致pH降低。过低的pH和发酵体系中营养物质的减少会影响菌种的生长, 使菌种死亡速度加快。此外, 产酸量过多也会影响饮料口感。因此选取发酵时间为40 h为合适的发酵时间。
根据单因素试验的结果, 选择蔗糖添加量(4.0%、4.5%、5.0%)、接种量(2%、3%、4%)、发酵时间(32、40、48 h)和发酵温度(33、36、39 ℃) 4个因素, 采用4因素3水平进行正交分析, 以活菌数为指标对发酵工艺条件进行优化。正交试验结果见表6
通过极差分析, 影响山药发酵饮料的主次因素为: 发酵温度>发酵时间>接种量>蔗糖添加量。通过分析, 得出最优发酵工艺组合为L2M3N3O1, 而正交试验结果显示最优组合为L2M2N3O1。因此, 需对比这2种组合的试验结果。结果表明组合为L2M3N3O1得到的活菌数为9.473 lg(CFU/mL), 由此可得山药益生菌饮料的最优工艺为蔗糖添加量4.5%、接种量4%、发酵时间48 h、发酵温度33 ℃。
活菌数是评估发酵产品品质的关键指标之一, 也是发酵活菌型饮品的重要指标, 对选择货架期贮藏条件具有重要影响。如图5所示, 随着贮藏时间的延长, 不同贮藏温度下的山药益生菌饮料活菌数均呈下降趋势。
在4 ℃贮藏条件下, 低温抑制了微生物的代谢活动, 此时的生长和繁殖速度减慢, 活菌数下降速度缓慢。在第30 d, 活菌数为6.71 1g(CFU/mL), 仍大于国家标准6.0 lg(CFU/mL)。25 ℃和35 ℃下益生菌的生长代谢活动较为旺盛, 尤其在35 ℃贮藏下, 第20 d活菌数已降至5.67 lg CFU/mL。此时的活菌数含量低于国家标准, 不再符合产品指标要求。
感官评分是评估发酵产品质量的关键指标之一, 它直接反映了消费者对产品的接受度和喜爱度[2324]。感官评分结果如图6所示, 低温会抑制微生物的活动和代谢。在4 ℃下, 随着贮藏时间的延长, 样品色泽无褐变现象, 有发酵的香气, 口感略微变酸, 外观较稳定、无明显杂质和沉淀。在25 ℃和35 ℃条件下, 感官评分随着贮藏时间的延长逐渐下降, 品质劣变非常快。样品的各项指标均受到温度环境影响, 在此环境下, 益生菌的生长代谢较为旺盛, 产生了较多代谢物, 使得样品出现少许沉淀、口感变差、味道刺鼻、色泽发黄。此时的产品不被消费者所接受, 从而影响产品的感官评分。样品于25 ℃下贮藏的第25 d感官评分为56.67分; 35 ℃下贮藏的第20 d感官评分为55.87分。
图7可以看出, 随着贮藏时间的延长, 不同温度条件下的可溶性固形物含量均呈下降趋势。这主要是由于菌种的生长需要消耗碳源和能量并将其转化为乳酸和其他酸类化合物[25]。低温会抑制菌种的生长代谢, 因此在4 ℃下贮藏的样品可溶性固形物含量变化较小。而在较高温度下, 菌种的生长代谢较为旺盛, 微生物通过消耗发酵基质中的能源物质使可溶性固形物含量减少, 乳酸等其他酸类化合物含量增加, 使样品的糖酸比失调。贮藏结束后, 4 ℃下样品可溶性固形物含量由10.97%下降至9.0%; 25 ℃下样品可溶性固形物含量由10.97%下降至8.17%; 35 ℃下样品可溶性固形物含量由10.97%下降至8.05%。4 ℃下贮藏对山药益生菌饮料可溶性固形物含量影响较小, 有利于保持饮料品质稳定。25 ℃和35 ℃下贮藏对可溶性固形物含量的影响较大[26]
pH对山药饮料的口感有影响, 适度的pH水平会让产品呈现出酸甜口感, 从而对产品的感官也会产生影响。如图8所示, 饮料的pH随着贮藏时间的延长有不同程度的降低。在4 ℃贮藏下产品的pH从3.14下降到3.06, 25 ℃和35 ℃下贮藏30 d后饮料pH下降了0.22和0.23, 变化显著。
在4 ℃下, 菌种处于休眠状态, 发酵产酸过程几乎停止, 饮料的pH变化不大; 随着贮藏温度升高, 菌种生长代谢速度较快, 持续发酵产酸, 导致饮料pH持续下降。在贮藏的前10 d, 菌种生长代谢活跃, pH下降较快; 10 d之后, 随着样品中可供菌种生长的营养物质减少, 菌种的生长代谢受到抑制, 饮料的pH下降速度较慢[27]
图9所示, 在不同贮藏温度下总酚含量均呈持续下降趋势。在4 ℃条件下, 总酚含量下降速度较为缓慢; 在25 ℃条件下, 总酚含量在0~15 d显著下降, 在35 ℃条件下, 总酚的含量在0~25 d显著下降。总酚含量的下降表明, 随着贮藏时间的延长, 产品的功能性成分逐渐减少, 影响产品的营养价值[2830], 这可能与贮藏过程中各项指标的下降有关。相较于25 ℃和35 ℃, 4 ℃的贮藏条件对总酚含量的影响较小, 能够减缓其下降的速度。
对不同贮藏温度下的产品的感官评分进行零级和一级动力学模型拟合[31]。由表7可知, 样品在不同温度下的一级反应决定系数R2均大于零级反应的R2, 表明一级反应模型的拟合度更高。因此, 选择一级动力学模型对山药益生菌饮料进行货架期预测。
以lnk为纵坐标、1/T为横坐标, 得到线性回归方程为Y=‒2198.7X+3.5343 (r2=0.9773), 截距lnM=3.5343, 斜率-Ea/R=‒2198.7。通过计算得出M=34.276, Ea=18279.9918。
山药益生菌饮料货架期预测模型为:
S=$\frac{\ln \frac{A}{{{A}_{0}}}}{34.276\times \text{e}(-\frac{18279.9918}{RT})}$
以感官评分60分作为货架期终点。代入感官评分货架期预测模型中, 可得到当温度为4 ℃时, 以感官评分为指标山药益生菌饮料的贮藏期为39 d。
表8可知, 4、25和35 ℃下, 样品活菌数变化的一级反应决定系数R2大于零级反应的R2, 表明在试验温度范围内, 饮料的活菌数变化用一级反应模型描述会更加贴合, 因此应采用一级反应动力学模型求出活菌数的反应速率常数和活化能。
以lnk为纵坐标、1/T为横坐标, 得到线性回归方程为Y=‒1752.3X+1.892 (r2=0.9911), 截距lnM=1.892, 斜率-Ea/R=‒1752.3。通过计算得出M=6.632, Ea=14568.6222。
山药益生菌饮料货架期预测模型为:
S=$\frac{\ln \frac{A}{{{A}_{0}}}}{6.6\text{32}\times \text{e}(-\frac{\text{145}68.6\text{222}}{RT})}$
以活菌数小于6 lg(CFU/mL)作为货架期终点。代入活菌数货架期预测模型中, 可得到当温度为4 ℃时, 以活菌数为指标山药益生菌饮料贮藏期为37 d。
表9所示, 不同温度下货架期预测值与实际值的相对误差在10%以内, 表明该模型具有较高的准确性。综合感官评分和活菌数, 山药益生菌饮料在4 ℃的货架期为37 d。
通过一系列试验最终确定山药益生菌饮料的最优工艺为嗜热链球菌、植物乳杆菌和保加利亚乳杆菌且菌种比例为1:2:2, 蔗糖添加量为4.5%, 接种量为4%, 发酵时间为48 h, 发酵温度为33 ℃。在此条件下, 山药益生菌饮料的活菌数为9.473 lg(CFU/mL)。另外, 利用Arrhenius公式预测出山药益生菌饮料在4 ℃下的货架期为37 d。
与先前的研究相比, 本研究更具体地探讨菌种比例对发酵效果的影响, 而此前的研究大多集中在单一益生菌或不同基质的发酵特性上。本研究在菌种搭配和发酵参数优化方面提供了新角度, 这对其他植物基质的发酵饮料也有借鉴意义。研究中也发现了一些不可避免的问题, 如不同批次原料可能导致发酵结果的不同。此外, 在实际市场上运输和存储条件的不同也会影响货架期, 因此需在实际生产中验证货架期的预测。
未来的研究方向为: (1)深入研究益生菌的协同作用机制及其对健康的潜在益处; (2)开发新的技术手段, 以延长货架期并提高风味稳定性; (3)考察不同储存条件和环境对山药益生菌饮料品质的影响。
  • 山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601017)
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20250111001
  • 接收时间:2025-01-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2025-01-11
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山西省重点研发计划项目(202102140601017)
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    1.山西农业大学食品科学与工程学院, 晋中 030801
    2.山西省果蔬贮藏保鲜与加工技术创新中心, 晋中 030801

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* 狄建兵(1978—), 男, 硕士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为农产品加工与贮藏。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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