Article(id=1153433635974795971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231007, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735574400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-31, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929608576, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929608576, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929608576, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929608576, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=266, endPage=274, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433636297757388, articleId=1153433635974795971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of aroma component characteristics in Changshan-huyou scented tea by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To elucidate the effects of flower of Changshan-huyou on the aroma profile of black tea. Methods This study employed solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) to differentially analyze the aroma components of flower of Changshan-huyou, Jiukeng black tea, and the derived Changshan-huyou scented tea. Results A total of 186 volatile compounds were identified in this paper, with 92, 78 and 67 kinds of volatile compounds detected in flower of Changshan-huyou, Jiukeng black tea and Changshan-huyou scented tea, respectively. The volatile composition of flower of Changshan-huyou was mainly characterised by alcohols and alkenes, whereas the volatile profiles of Jiukeng black tea and Changshan-huyou scented tea were mainly alcohol-rich. Nerolidol and linalool were found to be the predominant aroma components in Changshan-huyou scented tea, imparting a pronounced flora, fruity aroma and sweetness. Comparative analysis revealed an increase in alcohols and a concomitant decrease in alkenes in Changshan-huyou scented tea compared to flower of Changshan-huyou. Conversely, an increase in alkenes and a decrease in aldehydes were observed in Changshan-huyou scented tea compared to Jiukeng black tea. In addition, 32 kinds of unique compounds were identified in Changshan-huyou scented tea, which may be due to its unique processing techniques and the specific varieties of raw materials used. Conclusion The results of this research not only substantiate the aroma signature of Changshan-huyou scented tea, but also provide insights into its quality enhancement, paving the way for standardised production and innovative development strategies.

, correspAuthors=Sheng-Min LU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hui-Jing ZHANG, Yue WANG, Bo YANG, Chang-Fa WANG, Sheng-Min LU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433648490598462, articleId=1153433635974795971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析胡柚花窨制红茶香气成分特征, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 揭示胡柚花香对红茶香气特征的影响。方法 通过固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, SPME-GC-MS)对胡柚花窨制红茶和胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶的香气成分进行分析。结果 本研究共检测到186种挥发性化合物, 其中胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性化合物分别为92种、78种和67种。胡柚干花中挥发性成分以醇类和烯类为主, 而鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分以醇类为主。橙花醇和芳樟醇是胡柚花窨制红茶中最主要的香气成分, 赋予了其浓郁的花果香和甜香。与胡柚干花相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中醇类成分增加, 烯类成分减少; 与鸠坑红茶相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中烯类成分增加, 醛类成分减少。此外, 32种成分为胡柚花窨制红茶特有成分, 可能与其独特加工工艺和原料种类有关。结论 本研究结果可为胡柚花窨制红茶的香气特征分析提供了可靠方法, 为其品质提升、其标准化生产和创新发展控制提供了技术基础, 也为其他花香型再制茶产品的开发提供借鉴。

, correspAuthors=陆胜民, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 陆胜民(1969—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
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张慧静(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为果品加工。E-mail:

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张慧静(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为果品加工。E-mail:

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基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析胡柚花窨制红茶香气成分特征
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张慧静 1 , 王悦 2 , 杨波 3 , 王长法 2 , 陆胜民 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(6): 266-274
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(6): 266-274
基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析胡柚花窨制红茶香气成分特征
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张慧静1 , 王悦2, 杨波3, 王长法2, 陆胜民1, *
作者信息
  • 1.农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 杭州 310021
  • 2.常山县雨生茶业专业合作社, 常山 324299
  • 3.常山县胡柚产业发展中心, 常山 324200
  • 张慧静(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为果品加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 陆胜民(1969—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
Analysis of aroma component characteristics in Changshan-huyou scented tea by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Hui-Jing ZHANG1 , Yue WANG2, Bo YANG3, Chang-Fa WANG2, Sheng-Min LU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. State Key Laboratory for Quality and Safety of Agro-products, Zhejiang Key Laboratory of Intelligent Logistics and Processing of Fresh Products, Key Laboratory of Post-Harvest Handling of Fruits, Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs, Institute of Food Science, Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Science, Hangzhou 310021, China
  • 2. Changshan Yusheng Tea Industry Professional Cooperative, Changshan 324299, China
  • 3. Development Center of Changshan Huyou Industry, Changshan 324200, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231007
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目的 揭示胡柚花香对红茶香气特征的影响。方法 通过固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, SPME-GC-MS)对胡柚花窨制红茶和胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶的香气成分进行分析。结果 本研究共检测到186种挥发性化合物, 其中胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性化合物分别为92种、78种和67种。胡柚干花中挥发性成分以醇类和烯类为主, 而鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分以醇类为主。橙花醇和芳樟醇是胡柚花窨制红茶中最主要的香气成分, 赋予了其浓郁的花果香和甜香。与胡柚干花相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中醇类成分增加, 烯类成分减少; 与鸠坑红茶相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中烯类成分增加, 醛类成分减少。此外, 32种成分为胡柚花窨制红茶特有成分, 可能与其独特加工工艺和原料种类有关。结论 本研究结果可为胡柚花窨制红茶的香气特征分析提供了可靠方法, 为其品质提升、其标准化生产和创新发展控制提供了技术基础, 也为其他花香型再制茶产品的开发提供借鉴。

胡柚花窨制红茶  /  挥发性成分  /  固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术  /  香气特征

Objective To elucidate the effects of flower of Changshan-huyou on the aroma profile of black tea. Methods This study employed solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (SPME-GC-MS) to differentially analyze the aroma components of flower of Changshan-huyou, Jiukeng black tea, and the derived Changshan-huyou scented tea. Results A total of 186 volatile compounds were identified in this paper, with 92, 78 and 67 kinds of volatile compounds detected in flower of Changshan-huyou, Jiukeng black tea and Changshan-huyou scented tea, respectively. The volatile composition of flower of Changshan-huyou was mainly characterised by alcohols and alkenes, whereas the volatile profiles of Jiukeng black tea and Changshan-huyou scented tea were mainly alcohol-rich. Nerolidol and linalool were found to be the predominant aroma components in Changshan-huyou scented tea, imparting a pronounced flora, fruity aroma and sweetness. Comparative analysis revealed an increase in alcohols and a concomitant decrease in alkenes in Changshan-huyou scented tea compared to flower of Changshan-huyou. Conversely, an increase in alkenes and a decrease in aldehydes were observed in Changshan-huyou scented tea compared to Jiukeng black tea. In addition, 32 kinds of unique compounds were identified in Changshan-huyou scented tea, which may be due to its unique processing techniques and the specific varieties of raw materials used. Conclusion The results of this research not only substantiate the aroma signature of Changshan-huyou scented tea, but also provide insights into its quality enhancement, paving the way for standardised production and innovative development strategies.

Changshan-huyou scented tea  /  volatile components  /  solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry  /  aroma characterisation
张慧静, 王悦, 杨波, 王长法, 陆胜民. 基于固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱技术分析胡柚花窨制红茶香气成分特征. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 266 -274 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231007
Hui-Jing ZHANG, Yue WANG, Bo YANG, Chang-Fa WANG, Sheng-Min LU. Analysis of aroma component characteristics in Changshan-huyou scented tea by solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 266 -274 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231007
茶叶及由饮茶、品茶等组成的茶文化是中国传统农产品和文化中不可或缺的一部分。随着消费者对健康和天然食品的关注度不断提升, 消费者对于茶叶的要求不断提高, 同时更加注重茶叶的风味、营养和健康功能。因此, 以成品茶为原料配以能够吐香的可食用鲜花, 采用窨制工艺制成的再加工茶, 既含有茶叶的纯正滋味, 又含有食用花馥郁香气的窨花茶, 已成为大众所追求和喜爱的产品之一。近年来, 随着网购、调饮茶的兴起, 在新茶饮风尚的引领下, 加上果树花的健康属性以及茶叶消费人群从中老年向青壮年人群扩展, 消费者对于花茶的热情不断高涨, 生产企业快速增加, 由果树花制成的花茶产量得到了较大幅度的提升。
原料的多样化使得窨制花茶类产品丰富多彩。其中大部分企业多选用绿茶[1]、红茶、乌龙茶[2]、白茶[3]等茶类作为原料, 茉莉花[4]、玉兰花[5]、栀子花[6]、桂花[7]、柚子花[8-9]、桔柑花[10]等鲜花用于窨花。其中, 柚子鲜花清爽甜美, 在我国产量巨大, 资源丰富, 含有柠檬烯、罗勒烯、3-蒈烯等烯类, 橙花叔醇、合金欢醇、金合欢醇、叶绿醇、橙花醇等醇类主要芳香成分[11], 是理想的花茶原料。红茶属于全发酵茶, 在制作红茶的过程中, 鲜茶叶中的多酚类成分因酶促氧化逐渐转变成茶红素、茶黄素、茶褐素等生物活性成分[12], 形成了红汤、红叶及滋味醇厚等特有的品质特征。研究表明, 红茶具有抗氧化[13]、抗癌[14]、预防心血管疾病[15]等多种功效。因此, 以红茶为茶坯, 配以柚子花窨制成的花茶产品逐渐成为一种茶饮潮流。柚花因其独特的花香和观赏价值受到关注的同时, 更因具有作为花茶原材料的潜力而备受瞩目。常山胡柚(Citrus Aurantium L. Changshan-huyou)为芸香科柑橘属植物, 主产于浙江省常山县, 是具有地方特色的胡柚品种, 作为药食同源植物, 胡柚鲜花、果皮和幼果(衢枳壳原料)干燥后均可药用, 其优良的果实品质和独特风味在水果市场中占据重要地位, 同样地, 常山胡柚花同样具有重要的经济价值, 因此, 对常山胡柚花进行研究可为常山胡柚产业发展提供科学的支撑。
明确柚花天然花香成分, 是开发柚花茶产品的前提。然而, 关于胡柚花天然花香成分, 以及以鸠坑红茶为茶胚窨制成的胡柚花茶香气成分比较分析的研究尚未见报道。固相微萃取是一种简便、快捷且破坏程度小的挥发性成分提取技术[16], 已广泛用于橙花[17]、茉莉花[18-19]等鲜花的香气成分提取。因此, 本研究利用固相微萃取-气相色谱-串联质谱(solid phase microextraction-gas chromatography- tandem mass spectrometry, SPME-GC-MS)技术, 分析胡柚干花、胡柚花窨制红茶和鸠坑红茶香气成分的差异, 以期揭示胡柚花对鸠坑红茶香气特征的影响。此外, 本研究可为常山胡柚鲜花的深加工开发利用提供可靠数据和科学依据, 为胡柚花茶产品开发及其市场推广提供理论依据。
胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶以及胡柚花窨制红茶由常山县雨生茶叶专业合作社提供。其中, 选用树龄3年以上且预放或已开放1 d的胡柚鲜花为原料, 采摘后摊平制成胡柚干花; 选用浙江省衢州市常山县鸠坑品种茶树的叶芽, 采摘制作为鸠坑红茶茶坯, 茶坯水份含量低于10%, 胡柚干花及鸠坑红茶按照一定的比例和加工工艺制成胡柚花窨制红茶。氯化钠(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
FA-1004型万分之一电子分析天平(上海舜宇恒平科学仪器有限公司); 6890N-G5795B型气相色谱质谱仪、HP-5MS超高惰性色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm)(美国安捷伦公司)。
胡柚花窨制红茶加工工艺流程见图1
称取适量整粒样品至20 mL顶空瓶中, 加入饱和氯化钠溶液10 mL, 在80 ℃的温度条件下加热30 min后, 将顶空固相微萃取进样针扎入距离样品2 cm顶空瓶上方空气中, 吸附时间30 min, 进样口解吸5 min。
色谱柱: HP-5MS超高惰性色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm); 进样口温度为250 ℃; 传输线温度为280 ℃; 氦气作为载气, 流速为1.0 mL/min; 不分流进样。程序升温条件: (1)柱初始温度为50 ℃, 保持2 min; (2)以5 ℃/min升至180 ℃, 保持5 min; (3)以10 ℃/min升至250 ℃, 保持5 min。
电子轰击离子源(electron ionization, EI)能量为70 eV, 离子源温度为230 ℃, 四极杆温度为150 ℃, 全扫描模式, 质谱质量扫描范围为40~600 amu。
通过检索美国国家标准与技术研究院(national institute of standards and technology, NIST) 14标准数据库检索确定挥发性化合物, 利用数据库中现有化合物的质谱数据进行比较和匹配, 采用峰面积归一化法计算各挥发性组分相对含量。
表1可知, 常山胡柚干花中共检测出92种化合物, 胡柚干花中挥发性成分以醇、烯类为主, 包括39种醇类、31种烯类、7种酯类、5种酮类、5种醛类、13种烷类、4种酚类、5种其他类别的化合物。其中, 芳樟醇(25.94%)相对含量最高, 为主要成分, 这与福建蜜柚柚花的香气成分有些不同[20], 蜜柚柚花中芳樟醇相对含量超过64%。(E)-β-金合欢烯(7.34%)、乙酸芳樟酯(7.20%)、β-榄香烯(6.71%)等3种成分相对含量次之, (1S,2E,6E,10R)-3,7,11,11-四甲基双环[8.1.0]十一碳-2,6-二烯(3.22%)、西柏烯(3.03%)、2-亚甲基-4,8,8-三甲基-4-乙烯基-双环[5.2.0]壬烷(2.76%)、(1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-异丙基-1-甲基-3-亚甲基三环[4.4.0.02,7]癸烯(2.33%)、(3R-反式)-4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-(1-甲基乙基)-环己烯(1.91%)、里哪醇(1.83%)、反式-橙花叔醇(1.67%)、2,6-二甲基-10-亚甲基十二碳-2,6,11-三烯-1-醛(1.55%)、1-异丙基-4,7-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢萘(1.49%)、α-松油醇(1.20%)和异环柠檬醛(1.03%)等11种成分相对含量均大于1%。其中70种成分为胡柚干花特有的挥发性成分。
表1可知, 鸠坑红茶中共检测出78种化合物, 鸠坑红茶中挥发性成分以醇类为主, 包括41种醇类、11种烯类、15种酯类、11种酮类、9种醛类、6种烷类、2种酚类、8种其他类别的化合物。其中, 香叶醇(22.90%)相对含量最高, 为主要成分, 与张琳等[21]研究一致, 苯乙醇(7.95%)、芳樟醇(7.32%)、苯乙醛(4.86%)、(3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(4.60%)等4种成分相对含量次之, 水杨酸甲酯(2.71%)、2,5-二甲基-3-己炔-2,5-二醇(2.32%)、3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊基异丁酸酯(2.26%)、苯甲醇(1.89%)、(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯(1.55%)、β-紫罗兰酮(1.45%)、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸(1.44%)、α-亚乙基-苯乙醛(1.40%)、橙花醇(1.23%)、可卡醛(1.22%)、橙花叔醇(1.21%)、大马士酮(1.17%)、3,5-二羟基戊苯(1.04%)、丁基苯基酯碳酸(1.00%)等14种成分相对含量均大于1%。43种成分为鸠坑红茶特有的挥发性成分。
表1可知, 胡柚花窨制红茶中共检测出67种化合物, 胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分以醇类为主。包括41种醇类、10种烯类、12种酯类、11种酮类、8种醛类、5种烷类、1种酚类、5种其他类别的化合物。橙花醇(18.89%)相对含量最高, 为主要成分, 芳樟醇(9.81%)、顺式1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己醇-(7.04%)、苯乙醇(4.94%)等3种成分相对含量次之, (3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇(3.29%)、苯乙醛(3.18%)、3-甲氧基-1-庚烯(2.15%)、反-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化-2-呋喃甲醇(1.85%)、3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊基异丁酸酯(1.83%)、水杨酸甲酯(1.79%)、2-二烯-8-醇对薄荷-1(7) (1.69%)、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸(1.45%)、苯甲醇(1.40%)、(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯(1.04%)、β-紫罗兰酮(1.03%)等11种成分相对含量均大于1%。其中32种成分为胡柚花窨制红茶特有的挥发性成分。
胡柚干花、胡柚花窨制红茶及鸠坑红茶香气中均检出橙花醇、α-松油醇、芳樟醇、苯乙醇、苯乙醛、茉莉酮、香叶基丙酮、1,2-二苯氧基乙烷、2,2,4-三甲基戊二醇异丁酯、3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊基异丁酸酯等10种成分, 图2为10种共有成分在3种样品中的相对含量变化趋势。
其中, 橙花醇、1,2-二苯氧基乙烷、2,2,4-三甲基戊二醇异丁酯等3种成分在胡柚花窨制红茶中的相对含量较胡柚干花和鸠坑红茶均有不同程度的提高, 橙花醇增幅最大, 相对含量增加至18.89%。橙花醇是一种具有花果甜香的较为温和的香气成分[22-23], 这一结果表明胡柚花窨制红茶较鸠坑红茶、胡柚干花更具有花果香。
苯乙醇、苯乙醛、3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊基异丁酸酯等3种成分在胡柚干花中相对含量最低, 在鸠坑红茶中相对含量最高, 其中苯乙醇、苯乙醛为花香化合物[24-25], 表明鸠坑红茶较胡柚花窨制红茶具有更浓的花香味, 而胡柚花窨制红茶较胡柚干花具有更浓的花香味。
芳樟醇相对含量在胡柚干花中最高(25.94%), 在鸠坑红茶中最低(7.32%), 而芳樟醇是体现花香和甜香的代表性化合物[26], 表明胡柚花窨制红茶较鸠坑红茶具有一定的花香味。茉莉酮[27]α-松油醇[28]和香叶基丙酮[29]等3种成分均为花香香气化学成分, 其相对含量均在胡柚干花中最高, 胡柚花窨制红茶中最低。表明经过加工后, 胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分相对含量和种类与鸠坑红茶差异较小。
综上所述, 胡柚花窨制红茶中香气成分主要以鸠坑红茶为主, 但与鸠坑红茶相比更具有一定的果香, 因此胡柚花窨制红茶兼具花果香和甜香。
与胡柚干花相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中醇、醛、酮类成分相对含量有一定程度的增高, 主要为顺式1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己醇-、橙花醇、苯甲醇、苯乙醇和(3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇等5种醇类成分; 而酚、醚、烷、烯、酯等成分相对含量降低, 主要为(E)-β-金合欢烯、β-榄香烯、(1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-异丙基-1-甲基-3-亚甲基三环[4.4.0.02,7]癸烯-、(1S,2E,6E,10R)- 3,7,11,11-四甲基双环[8.1.0]十一碳-2,6-二烯、西柏烯、(3R-反式)-4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-(1-甲基乙基)-环己烯、β-瑟林烯等7种烯类成分, 相对含量下降最多。
与鸠坑红茶相比, 胡柚花窨制红茶中烯类成分相对含量中有一定程度的增高, 主要为β-榄香烯、月桂烯、1,4-二醛基-2-甲基苯、3-甲氧基-1-庚烯、4a,9a-甲基-9H-芴、4-异丙基-6-甲基-1-亚甲基-1,2,3,4-四氢萘、4-甲基苯乙醚、1,4-二异丙基-2,5-二甲苯、β-石竹烯等9种成分, 3-甲氧基-1-庚烯相对含量提升最多, 达到了2.15%。而酚、醛、酯类成分相对含量较鸠坑红茶中有一定程度的降低, 主要为苯乙醛、3-羟基-2,2,4-三甲基戊基异丁酸酯、3,5-二羟基戊苯、2,3-二氢-2,2,6-三甲基苯甲醛、可卡醛、α-亚乙基-苯乙醛、柠檬醛、(Z)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯醛、(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯、(Z)-己酸-3-己烯酯、水杨酸甲酯等11种成分, 苯乙醛相对含量降低最多, 从鸠坑红茶中的4.86%降为3.18%。
胡柚花窨制红茶中有51种成分在胡柚干花中未检出, 其中含醇类11种, 酮烯酯类各9种, 醛类7种。51种成分中, 顺式1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己醇-以及(3R,6S)-2,2,6-三甲基-6-乙烯基四氢-2H-吡喃-3-醇两种成分相对含量在胡柚干花茶中检测得到的相对含量较高, 分别为7.04%和3.29%; 3-甲氧基-1-庚烯、反-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化-2-呋喃甲醇、水杨酸甲酯、2-二烯-8-醇对薄荷-1(7)、(E)-3,7-二甲基-2,6-辛二烯酸、苯甲醇、(Z)-2-甲基丙酸-3-己烯酯、β-紫罗兰酮等8种成分相对含量增加超过1%。
胡柚花窨制红茶中有38种成分在鸠坑红茶未检出, 其中含烯类9种、酯类7种、醇酮类各6种。38种成分中, 其中顺式1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己醇-以及3-甲氧基-1-庚烯两种成分相对含量在胡柚花窨制红茶中检测得到的相对含量较高, 分别为7.04%和2.15%; 反-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化-2-呋喃甲醇和2-二烯-8-醇对薄荷-1(7)两种成分相对含量增加超过1.00%。
76种成分在胡柚干花中检出而在胡柚花窨制红茶中未得到检出, 其中含烯类30种, 醇类18种。76种成分中, (E)-β-金合欢烯和乙酸芳樟酯两种成分相对含量在胡柚干花中检测得到的相对含量较高, 分别为7.34%和7.20%; (1S,2E,6E,10R)-3,7,11,11-四甲基双环[8.1.0]十一碳-2,6-二烯、西柏烯、(1R,2S,6S,7S,8S)-8-异丙基-1-甲基-3-亚甲基三环[4.4.0.02,7]癸烯-、(3R-反式)-4-乙烯基-4-甲基-3-(1-甲基乙烯基)-1-(1-甲基乙基)-环己烯、里哪醇、反式-橙花叔醇、2,6-二甲基-10-亚甲基十二碳-2,6,11-三烯-1-醛、1-异丙基-4,7-二甲基-1,2,3,5,6,8a-六氢萘、异环柠檬醛等9种成分相对含量降低幅度超过1.00%。
49种成分在鸠坑红茶中检出而在胡柚花窨制红茶中未得到检出, 其中含烯酯类各10种。49种成分中, 2,5-二甲基-3-己炔-2,5-二醇以及丁基苯基酯碳酸两种成分相对含量降低幅度超过1%, 其在鸠坑红茶中检测得到的相对含量分别为2.32%和1%。
经过加工处理后, 共32种成分均在胡柚干花和鸠坑红茶中未检出, 为胡柚花窨制红茶特有的香气成分, 其中包含烯类8种, 酯酮醇各6种。32种成分中, 顺式1-甲基-4-(1-甲基乙烯基)-环己醇-相对含量增加最多, 为7.04%, 3-甲氧基-1-庚烯(2.15%)、反-Α,Α-5-三甲基-5-乙烯基四氢化-2-呋喃甲醇(1.85%)、2-二烯-8-醇对薄荷-1(7) (1.69%)等3种成分相对含量增加幅度超过1%。
通过SPME-GC-MS技术对胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶的香气成分进行测定分析, 共检测到挥发性化合物186种, 其中共有挥发性成分10种, 胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性化合物分别为92、78和67种。胡柚干花中挥发性成分以醇、烯类为主, 鸠坑红茶和胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分以醇类为主。橙花醇、芳樟醇等呈花果香以及甜香的成分是胡柚花窨制红茶中最主要的香气成分, 这使得胡柚花窨制红茶呈现出浓郁的花果香和甜香, 但要明确其贡献率, 还需对两种成分进行定量分析并结合阈值进行深入讨论。
通过对比分析, 胡柚花窨制红茶相较于胡柚干花, 醇类成分增加, 烯类成分减少; 相较于鸠坑红茶, 烯类成分增加, 醛类成分减少。胡柚花窨制红茶中分别有51种和38种成分在胡柚干花、鸠坑红茶未被检出, 主要为醇酮烯酯等4类, 而76种和49种成分分别在胡柚干花和鸠坑红茶中检出而在胡柚花窨制红茶中未被检出, 主要为烯醇类和烯酯类。胡柚花窨制红茶中挥发性成分的增加可能与胡柚干花的添加有关, 在胡柚干花与红茶的结合过程中, 茶叶中活性物质可能在微生物和热处理的作用下促进醇类化合物的生成[30], 而加工过程中的挥发或反应造成了醛类成分的减少[31], 使得胡柚花窨制红茶相较于胡柚干花醇类成分增加, 相较于鸠坑红茶醛类成分减少。
胡柚花窨制红茶中特有的32种成分可能与其独特的加工工艺和胡柚干花、红茶种类的选择有关, 这些成分的发现为胡柚花窨制红茶的香气特征提供了科学依据, 也为进一步的香气成分研究和胡柚花窨制红茶品质改良提供了方向。因此, 对特定成分进行定量分析, 并研究其对胡柚花窨制红茶风味贡献将成为待解决的问题。此外, 研究还应探讨胡柚花窨制红茶加工过程中香气成分的变化机制, 以及如何通过工艺优化来增强胡柚花窨制红茶的香气特性。除此之外, 还可以考虑以胡柚干花窨制其他茶类, 以开发出更多的胡柚花香的窨制茶, 丰富花香再制茶的品类。
  • 浙江省团队科技特派员结对服务计划项目(2020-2024)
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241231007
  • 接收时间:2024-12-31
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-31
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浙江省团队科技特派员结对服务计划项目(2020-2024)
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    1.农产品质量安全全国重点实验室, 全省生鲜食品智慧物流与加工重点实验室, 农业农村部果品产后处理重点实验室, 浙江省农业科学院食品科学研究所, 杭州 310021
    2.常山县雨生茶业专业合作社, 常山 324299
    3.常山县胡柚产业发展中心, 常山 324200

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* 陆胜民(1969—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为果品加工与综合利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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