Article(id=1153429500902756694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1735228800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-27, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752928622698, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752928622698, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752928622698, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752928622698, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153429493357203682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752928620900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758690311058, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=155, endPage=161, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153429501779366258, articleId=1153429500902756694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the quality control of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum extracts, columnId=1153429494506447365, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Development and Detection of Health Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a specific identification method for Ganoderma lucidum extract, and achieve the synchronous determination of a variety of monosaccharides. Methods The analysis of monosaccharide composition in Ganoderma lucidum extracts was conducted using a pre-column derivatization reversed-phase liquid chromatography method. A quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker method was established to determine the monosaccharide content in Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Results Ganoderma lucidum extract from 3 manufacturers contained mannose, glucose and galactose, but the proportion of monosaccharides in 4 batches was significantly different. The content of mannose, glucose and galactose could be determined by one test and multiple evaluation method at the same time. The relative deviation from external standard method was less than 5%, and there was no significant difference, which was feasible. Conclusion This study analyzes the monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in Ganoderma lucidum extract, which can serve as an auxiliary means for identifying the quality of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum extract. It provides a reference for enterprises to monitor the quality of extracts.

, correspAuthors=Guo-Xing ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yan-Li WANG, Guo-Xing ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153429516904026760, articleId=1153429500902756694, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量控制方法研究, columnId=1153429494632276488, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立灵芝提取物专属性鉴别方法, 实现多种单糖同步测定。方法 采用柱前衍生化反相液相色谱分析法, 分析灵芝提取物中单糖组成种类, 建立一测多评方法测定灵芝提取物中单糖含量结果。结果 3个厂家的灵芝提取物含有甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖, 但有4批次各单糖间比例相差较大。一测多评经方法考察可以同时测定甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖含量, 与外标法相对偏差均小于5%, 无显著性差异, 具有可行性。结论 本研究通过分析灵芝提取物中单糖组成及单糖间比例, 可作为鉴别灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量的辅助手段, 为企业在监控提取物质量提供参考思路。

, correspAuthors=张国兴, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张国兴(1981—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为中药鉴定、保健食品质量管理。E-mail:
, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=Znh4nwu+VFefu6BjhNEPNQ==, magXml=B7/W7muxFghhGaWtTRw85w==, pdfUrl=null, pdf=Vt0aN2aCVvN3TAR3MsKfzg==, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=CfEOu8cwZ+GAxL5Zr3ijJg==, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=

王艳莉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药、保健食品质量检验。E-mail:

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王艳莉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药、保健食品质量检验。E-mail:

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Journal of Basic Chinese Medicine, 2021, 27(7): 1175-1178., articleTitle=Research on the determination methods of polysaccharide content in traditional Chinese medicine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597340590403, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=3911, pageEnd=3917, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=45, authorNames=黄婷, 柳贤福, 陈汝旭, journalName=中成药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄婷, 柳贤福, 陈汝旭, 等. 一测多评法同时测定不同配伍比例枳实-厚朴药对中11种成分的含量[J]. 中成药, 2024, 46(12): 3911-3917., articleTitle=一测多评法同时测定不同配伍比例枳实-厚朴药对中11种成分的含量, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597458030916, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=46, issue=12, pageStart=3911, pageEnd=3917, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=46, authorNames=HUANG T, LIU XF, CHEN RX, journalName=Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG T, LIU XF, CHEN RX, et al. Simufaneous content determination of elevn constituents in different compatibility ratios of Fructus aurantii Imm, aturus-magnoliae officinalis cortex drug pair bu QAMS[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2024, 46(12): 3911-3917., articleTitle=Simufaneous content determination of elevn constituents in different compatibility ratios of Fructus aurantii Imm, aturus-magnoliae officinalis cortex drug pair bu QAMS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597520945477, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1320, pageEnd=1330, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=47, authorNames=唐飞飞, 丁昊玥, 方丹纯, journalName=药物分析杂志, refType=null, unstructuredReference=唐飞飞, 丁昊玥, 方丹纯, 等. 一测多评法同时测定花椒和竹叶花椒中4个黄酮成分[J]. 药物分析杂志, 2024, 44(8): 1320-1330., articleTitle=一测多评法同时测定花椒和竹叶花椒中4个黄酮成分, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597596442950, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=44, issue=8, pageStart=1320, pageEnd=1330, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=48, authorNames=TANG FF, DING WY, FANG DC, journalName=Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, refType=null, unstructuredReference=TANG FF, DING WY, FANG DC, et al. Simultaneous determination of 4 flavonoids in Zanthoxyli pericarpium and Pericarpium zanthoxyli Armati by QAMS[J]. Chinese Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis, 2024, 44(8): 1320-1330., articleTitle=Simultaneous determination of 4 flavonoids in Zanthoxyli pericarpium and Pericarpium zanthoxyli Armati by QAMS, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597671940423, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=1120, pageEnd=1126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=49, authorNames=舒波, 雷果平, 袁斌, journalName=医药导报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=舒波, 雷果平, 袁斌. 一测多评法测定法制半夏曲中11种成分含量及其GRA、EW-TOPSIS质量评价[J]. 医药导报, 2024, 43(7): 1120-1126., articleTitle=一测多评法测定法制半夏曲中11种成分含量及其GRA、EW-TOPSIS质量评价, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177619597743243592, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2024, volume=43, issue=7, pageStart=1120, pageEnd=1126, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=50, authorNames=SHU B, LEI GP, YUAN B, journalName=Herald of Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=SHU B, LEI GP, YUAN B. Detemination of 11 components in Fazhi Banxia Qu by QAMS and quality evaluation of theirs GRA and EW-TOPSIS[J]. Herald of Medicine, 2024, 43(7): 1120-1126., articleTitle=Detemination of 11 components in Fazhi Banxia Qu by QAMS and quality evaluation of theirs GRA and EW-TOPSIS, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177619590961053927, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177619590965248232, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, companyId=1177619590961053927, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Beijing Tongrentang Healthcare Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177619590973636841, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, companyId=1177619590961053927, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京同仁堂健康药业股份有限公司, 北京 100176)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177619592055767292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Single factor experiment results, figureFileSmall=h6aDovd5lxs+Az0kMgu2Pw==, figureFileBig=m/uRLTIWsOpp9VfCZB8JYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619592114487549, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=图1, caption=单因素实验结果, figureFileSmall=h6aDovd5lxs+Az0kMgu2Pw==, figureFileBig=m/uRLTIWsOpp9VfCZB8JYg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619592160624894, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatograms of monosaccharides in 15 batches of samples, figureFileSmall=dWh1y/4VOs2MtRX3O9O3Gg==, figureFileBig=7TfHN6/sxCof0R0Zsbgvsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619592223539455, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=图2, caption=15批样品中单糖色谱图

注: A~O为15批不同厂家灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖单糖组成, 1号峰为甘露糖, 2号峰为葡萄糖, 3号峰为半乳糖。

, figureFileSmall=dWh1y/4VOs2MtRX3O9O3Gg==, figureFileBig=7TfHN6/sxCof0R0Zsbgvsg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619592299036928, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Mobile phase gradient elution

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 15 85
30 20 80
55 25 75
56 15 85
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592366145793, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 15 85
30 20 80
55 25 75
56 15 85
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592424866050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of variance

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平方和 自由度 均方 F 显著性
组间 485.924 4 121.481 20.866 P<0.001
组内 58.220 10 5.822
总计 544.144 14
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592483586307, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

方差分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
平方和 自由度 均方 F 显著性
组间 485.924 4 121.481 20.866 P<0.001
组内 58.220 10 5.822
总计 544.144 14
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592546500868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Analysis of orthogonal test results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号 A三氟乙酸浓度/(mol/L) B水解温度/℃ C水解时间
/h
含量
/%
1 3 100 2 44.8
2 3 110 3 49.5
3 3 120 4 41.9
4 4 100 3 46.1
5 4 110 4 50.3
6 4 120 2 49.4
7 5 100 4 45.2
8 5 110 2 40.6
9 5 120 3 38.5
K1 45.4 45.4 44.9
K2 48.6 46.8 44.7
K3 41.4 43.3 45.8
R 7.2 3.5 1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592609415429, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

正交实验结果分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组号 A三氟乙酸浓度/(mol/L) B水解温度/℃ C水解时间
/h
含量
/%
1 3 100 2 44.8
2 3 110 3 49.5
3 3 120 4 41.9
4 4 100 3 46.1
5 4 110 4 50.3
6 4 120 2 49.4
7 5 100 4 45.2
8 5 110 2 40.6
9 5 120 3 38.5
K1 45.4 45.4 44.9
K2 48.6 46.8 44.7
K3 41.4 43.3 45.8
R 7.2 3.5 1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592743633158, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Precisions, stabilities test, standard recovery test results (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 精密度 稳定性 加标回收实验
平均值/% RSDs/% 平均值/% RSDs/% 平均值/% RSDs/%
甘露糖 24.6 0.8 25.2 0.9 95.3 1.0
葡萄糖 3.40 0.5 3.70 1.4 96.0 1.3
半乳糖 21.2 1.5 21.6 1.0 96.0 1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592840102151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

精密度、稳定性实验、加标回收实验结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 精密度 稳定性 加标回收实验
平均值/% RSDs/% 平均值/% RSDs/% 平均值/% RSDs/%
甘露糖 24.6 0.8 25.2 0.9 95.3 1.0
葡萄糖 3.40 0.5 3.70 1.4 96.0 1.3
半乳糖 21.2 1.5 21.6 1.0 96.0 1.1
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592940765448, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Results of the calculation of the relative correction factor

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度/(mg/mL) 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
1 1.1967 0.9325
2 1.1568 0.9294
3 1.1147 0.9388
4 1.1484 0.9256
5 1.1181 0.9131
平均值 1.1469 0.9279
RSDs/% 2.91 1.03
), ArticleFig(id=1177619592995291401, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

相对校正因子计算结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
质量浓度/(mg/mL) 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
1 1.1967 0.9325
2 1.1568 0.9294
3 1.1147 0.9388
4 1.1484 0.9256
5 1.1181 0.9131
平均值 1.1469 0.9279
RSDs/% 2.91 1.03
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593129509130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Relative correction factors for different instrument and column determinations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器 色谱柱 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
Agilent 1260 Waters 1.139 0.9004
Thermo 1.1634 0.9239
Agilent 1.1602 0.9108
Waters 2695 Waters 1.142 0.898
Thermo 1.1688 0.9186
Agilent 1.1917 0.9184
平均值 1.1608 0.9117
RSDs/% 1.66 1.16
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593192423691, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

不同仪器和色谱柱测定的相对校正因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器 色谱柱 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
Agilent 1260 Waters 1.139 0.9004
Thermo 1.1634 0.9239
Agilent 1.1602 0.9108
Waters 2695 Waters 1.142 0.898
Thermo 1.1688 0.9186
Agilent 1.1917 0.9184
平均值 1.1608 0.9117
RSDs/% 1.66 1.16
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593255338252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Relative correction factors for different flow rate determinations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流速/min 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
0.8 1.1432 0.9062
1.0 1.1391 0.9005
1.2 1.1443 0.9049
平均值 1.1422 0.9039
RSDs/% 0.24 0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593322447117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

不同流速测定的相对校正因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
流速/min 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
0.8 1.1432 0.9062
1.0 1.1391 0.9005
1.2 1.1443 0.9049
平均值 1.1422 0.9039
RSDs/% 0.24 0.33
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593381167374, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Relative correction factors for different column temperature determinations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
柱温/℃ 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
25 1.1519 0.9147
30 1.1391 0.9005
35 1.1479 0.9102
平均值 1.1463 0.9085
RSDs/% 0.57 0.80
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593444081935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

不同柱温测定的相对校正因子

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
柱温/℃ 相对校正因子
f葡萄糖/甘露糖 f半乳糖/甘露糖
25 1.1519 0.9147
30 1.1391 0.9005
35 1.1479 0.9102
平均值 1.1463 0.9085
RSDs/% 0.57 0.80
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593511190800, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Relative retention values for different instrument and column determinations

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器 色谱柱 相对保留值
t葡萄糖/甘露糖 t半乳糖/甘露糖
Agilent 1260 Waters 1.99 2.22
Thermo 1.94 2.12
Agilent 1.97 2.18
Waters 2695 Waters 1.89 2.06
Thermo 1.99 2.23
Agilent 1.98 2.18
平均值 1.96 2.165
RSDs/% 1.99 2.98
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593574105361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

不同仪器和色谱柱测定的相对保留值

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
仪器 色谱柱 相对保留值
t葡萄糖/甘露糖 t半乳糖/甘露糖
Agilent 1260 Waters 1.99 2.22
Thermo 1.94 2.12
Agilent 1.97 2.18
Waters 2695 Waters 1.89 2.06
Thermo 1.99 2.23
Agilent 1.98 2.18
平均值 1.96 2.165
RSDs/% 1.99 2.98
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593637019922, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Monosaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum extracts from different manufacturers was determined by one test and multiple evaluation method and external standard method (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 甘露糖 葡萄糖 半乳糖
外标法 外标法 一测多评 相对
偏差
外标法 一测多评法 相对
偏差
1 29.89 3.77 3.87 2.62 20.06 20.64 2.99
2 21.55 2.90 2.97 2.39 14.23 14.64 2.84
3 29.59 2.81 2.88 2.46 19.63 20.20 2.86
4 18.34 2.10 2.16 2.82 12.73 13.10 2.86
5 20.03 2.01 2.06 2.46 13.47 13.86 2.85
6 20.62 3.09 3.17 2.56 14.99 15.43 2.89
7 20.76 2.81 2.89 2.81 15.15 15.59 2.86
8 7.82 40.60 41.66 2.58 5.95 6.12 2.82
9 23.03 1.70 1.75 2.90 14.74 15.16 2.81
10 6.94 35.43 36.35 2.56 4.82 4.96 2.86
11 7.82 40.62 41.68 2.58 5.95 6.12 2.82
12 2.17 11.00 11.28 2.51 1.62 1.67 3.04
13 7.56 9.17 9.41 2.58 7.09 7.30 2.92
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593704128787, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

一测多评法和外标法测定不同厂家灵芝提取物的单糖含量(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
编号 甘露糖 葡萄糖 半乳糖
外标法 外标法 一测多评 相对
偏差
外标法 一测多评法 相对
偏差
1 29.89 3.77 3.87 2.62 20.06 20.64 2.99
2 21.55 2.90 2.97 2.39 14.23 14.64 2.84
3 29.59 2.81 2.88 2.46 19.63 20.20 2.86
4 18.34 2.10 2.16 2.82 12.73 13.10 2.86
5 20.03 2.01 2.06 2.46 13.47 13.86 2.85
6 20.62 3.09 3.17 2.56 14.99 15.43 2.89
7 20.76 2.81 2.89 2.81 15.15 15.59 2.86
8 7.82 40.60 41.66 2.58 5.95 6.12 2.82
9 23.03 1.70 1.75 2.90 14.74 15.16 2.81
10 6.94 35.43 36.35 2.56 4.82 4.96 2.86
11 7.82 40.62 41.68 2.58 5.95 6.12 2.82
12 2.17 11.00 11.28 2.51 1.62 1.67 3.04
13 7.56 9.17 9.41 2.58 7.09 7.30 2.92
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593779626260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Proportion of monosaccharide content of Ganoderma lucidum extracts from different manufacturers

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 半乳糖/甘露糖 葡萄糖/甘露糖
1 0.7 0.1
2 0.7 0.1
3 0.7 0.1
4 0.7 0.1
5 0.7 0.1
6 0.7 0.1
7 0.7 0.1
8 0.8 5.2
9 0.6 0.1
10 0.7 5.1
11 0.8 5.2
12 0.7 5.1
13 0.9 1.2
), ArticleFig(id=1177619593905455381, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429500902756694, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

不同厂家灵芝提取物的单糖含量比例

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 半乳糖/甘露糖 葡萄糖/甘露糖
1 0.7 0.1
2 0.7 0.1
3 0.7 0.1
4 0.7 0.1
5 0.7 0.1
6 0.7 0.1
7 0.7 0.1
8 0.8 5.2
9 0.6 0.1
10 0.7 5.1
11 0.8 5.2
12 0.7 5.1
13 0.9 1.2
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灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量控制方法研究
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王艳莉 , 张国兴 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025,16(5): 155-161
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025, 16(5): 155-161
灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量控制方法研究
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王艳莉 , 张国兴*
作者信息
  • 北京同仁堂健康药业股份有限公司, 北京 100176
  • 王艳莉(1985—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为中药、保健食品质量检验。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张国兴(1981—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为中药鉴定、保健食品质量管理。E-mail:
Study on the quality control of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum extracts
Yan-Li WANG , Guo-Xing ZHANG*
Affiliations
  • Beijing Tongrentang Healthcare Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd., Beijing 100176, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227002
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目的 建立灵芝提取物专属性鉴别方法, 实现多种单糖同步测定。方法 采用柱前衍生化反相液相色谱分析法, 分析灵芝提取物中单糖组成种类, 建立一测多评方法测定灵芝提取物中单糖含量结果。结果 3个厂家的灵芝提取物含有甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖, 但有4批次各单糖间比例相差较大。一测多评经方法考察可以同时测定甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖含量, 与外标法相对偏差均小于5%, 无显著性差异, 具有可行性。结论 本研究通过分析灵芝提取物中单糖组成及单糖间比例, 可作为鉴别灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量的辅助手段, 为企业在监控提取物质量提供参考思路。

灵芝多糖  /  质量控制  /  单糖组成  /  一测多评

Objective To establish a specific identification method for Ganoderma lucidum extract, and achieve the synchronous determination of a variety of monosaccharides. Methods The analysis of monosaccharide composition in Ganoderma lucidum extracts was conducted using a pre-column derivatization reversed-phase liquid chromatography method. A quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker method was established to determine the monosaccharide content in Ganoderma lucidum extracts. Results Ganoderma lucidum extract from 3 manufacturers contained mannose, glucose and galactose, but the proportion of monosaccharides in 4 batches was significantly different. The content of mannose, glucose and galactose could be determined by one test and multiple evaluation method at the same time. The relative deviation from external standard method was less than 5%, and there was no significant difference, which was feasible. Conclusion This study analyzes the monosaccharide composition and monosaccharide ratio in Ganoderma lucidum extract, which can serve as an auxiliary means for identifying the quality of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides in Ganoderma lucidum extract. It provides a reference for enterprises to monitor the quality of extracts.

Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharide  /  quality control  /  monosaccharide composition  /  quantitative analysis of multi-components by single-marker
王艳莉, 张国兴. 灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量控制方法研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (5) : 155 -161 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227002
Yan-Li WANG, Guo-Xing ZHANG. Study on the quality control of Ganoderma lucidum polysaccharides from Ganoderma lucidum extracts[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (5) : 155 -161 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227002
灵芝是多孔菌科真菌赤芝[Ganoderma lucidum (Leyss.ex Fr.) Karst.]或紫芝[Ganoderma sinense Zhao, Xu et Zhang]的干燥子实体[1]。灵芝的多糖和三萜是其主要活性物质[2-6], 其灵芝水提物中主要活性物质是灵芝多糖。灵芝多糖具有抗氧化、抗肿瘤、抗衰老、抗疲劳、增强免疫等药理作用[7-10]。近年来灵芝提取物在药品、保健食品[11]、食品[12]、化妆品[13]等多个领域得到广泛应用, 研究表明[14]含灵芝多糖的保健食品具有增强免疫的功能, 在毒理学研究中未发现不良反应或毒副作用。
目前市场上的灵芝提取物质量参差不齐, 因《中华人民共和国药典》和地方标准中均无灵芝提取物中多糖的检测方法, 多用分光光度法测定灵芝多糖含量, 而用此法检测时, 灵芝提取物提取过程中添加淀粉或糊精等辅料也会被计为多糖, 使结果严重偏高, 因其不含功能成分而导致灵芝提取物的生物活性降低。如此阻碍了灵芝提取物产业的发展, 同时也损害了消费者的利益。灵芝提取物质量标准的研究是一项艰巨且重要的工作。
研究表明灵芝中灵芝多糖多由甘露糖、木糖、D-半乳糖、D-葡萄糖、葡萄糖醛酸组成, 而甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖所占比例较大[15-18]。同一灵芝不同部位和不同分离提取方式得到的灵芝多糖, 其单糖种类及比例也有差异[19-23]。结合文献, 本研究前期实验对购进灵芝提取物分析, 多有葡萄糖、半乳糖、甘露糖, 因此选用这3种单糖进一步研究不同厂家多批次灵芝提取物中单糖组成及含量比例, 一测多评同时测定3种单糖[24], 为进一步完善灵芝提取物的质量标准提供研究思路。
半乳糖(纯度100%, 批号100226-201807)、甘露糖(纯度99.4%, 批号140651-201504)、葡萄糖(纯度99.9%, 批号110833-201707)(中国食品药品检定研究院)。
三氟乙酸(批号: C10286001, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮(分析纯, 批号: K1925027, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 盐酸(分析纯, 批号: 20180907, 北京化工厂); 乙腈(色谱级, 批号UN1648, 德国默克股份两合公司); 氢氧化钠(分析纯, 批号: 20180605)、磷酸氢二钠(分析纯, 批号: 20171214)、磷酸二氢钠(分析纯, 批号: 20180116)(国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
3个厂家共15批样品(均采用企标备案的提取工艺)。
MSA225S-1CE-DI十万级分析天平、Secura224-1CEU万级分析天平(德国赛多利斯公司); Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪配紫外检测器、DK-S28恒温水浴锅 (上海精宏仪器有限公司); LT-DBX60N精密可编程烘箱(立德泰勀科学仪器有限公司); Atlantis@T3 C18柱(4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)(美国沃特世公司)。
精密称取灵芝提取物约0.5 g, 置于100 mL容量瓶中, 加纯化水80 mL左右, 于100 ℃水浴上加热1 h, 冷却至室温后补加水至刻度, 混匀后, 过滤, 弃去初滤液, 收集余下滤液。吸取滤液5 mL, 置于50 mL离心管中, 加入20 mL无水乙醇, 置4 ℃冰箱静置4 h以上, 以4000 r/min离心5 min, 弃去上清液, 残渣加水溶解到100 mL, 得灵芝多糖溶液。
量取400 μL灵芝多糖溶液置顶空瓶中, 加4 mol/L三氟乙酸400 μL, 充入氮气封口, 在110 ℃精密可编程烘箱中水解4 h, 冷却至室温, 60 ℃水浴中用氮气吹干。在顶空瓶中加纯化水0.2 mL溶解残渣, 加入0.5 mol/L 1-苯基-3-甲基-5-吡唑啉酮甲醇溶液与0.3 mol/L的氢氧化钠溶液各400 μL, 混匀, 70 ℃水浴中反应100 min, 再加入0.3 mol/L盐酸溶液400 μL, 混匀, 用三氯甲烷洗涤3次, 弃去三氯甲烷液, 取上清液过0.45 μm滤膜后上高效液相色谱仪分析。
Atlantis@T3 C18柱(4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)、检测波长为250 nm、流速1.0 mL/s、柱温35 ℃; 流动相A为乙腈、流动相B (0.05 mol/L磷酸二氢钠与磷酸氢二钠的混合水溶液, 体积比12:88)梯度洗脱, 梯度洗脱如表1
改变水解所用三氟乙酸溶液的浓度(1、2、3、4、5 mol/L)、水解时间(1、2、3、4、5 h)、水解温度(80、90、100、110、120 ℃)进行单因素实验及正交实验, 以水解衍生化后的甘露糖峰面积为考察指标, 选取最优水解条件。
采用Microsoft Excel 2016软件进行数据处理、图形的绘制; 采用正交助手进行正交实验设计和正交结果分析; 采用SPSS 29.0.1.0进行数据统计分析。
取灵芝多糖溶液5份400 μL, 分别置顶空瓶中, 各加入1、2、3、4、5 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液400 μL, 充入氮气封口, 在110 ℃精密可编程烘箱中水解4 h, 冷却至室温, 在60 ℃水浴中用氮气吹干。衍生后测定。以水解后的甘露糖浓度作为考察指标, 见图1。随着三氟乙酸浓度的增大, 水解所得甘露糖浓度先增加后趋于平稳, 4 mol/L时水解所得甘露糖浓度最大, 因此三氟乙酸溶液浓度选择4 mol/L。
精密量取灵芝多糖溶液5份各400 μL, 分别置顶空瓶中, 加4 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液400 μL, 充入氮气封口, 分别在80、90、100、110、120 ℃精密可编程烘箱中水解4 h, 冷却至室温, 在60 ℃水浴中用氮气吹干。衍生后测定结果见图1。以水解后的甘露糖浓度作为考察指标。随着水解温度的增大, 水解所得甘露糖浓度先增加后趋于平稳, 110 ℃时水解所得甘露糖浓度最大, 因此水解温度选择110 ℃。
取灵芝多糖溶液5份各400 μL, 分别置顶空瓶中, 加4 mol/L三氟乙酸溶液400 μL, 充入氮气封口, 分别在110 ℃精密可编程烘箱中水解1、2、3、4、5 h, 冷却至室温, 在60 ℃水浴中用氮气吹干。衍生后测定结果见图1。以水解后的甘露糖浓度作为考察指标。随着水解时间的增加, 水解所得甘露糖浓度先增加后趋于平稳, 4 h时水解所得甘露糖浓度最大, 因此水解时间选择4 h。
通过表2方差分析结果, 三氟乙酸浓度、水解时间、水解温度3个因素对单糖水解浓度存在显著性差异。
根据单因素实验, 拟对水解灵芝多糖影响的三氟乙酸浓度、水解时间、水解温度3个因素, 选出3水平, 正交实验因素水平见表3
K值分析得到最优条件: A2B2C3; 即酸浓度4 mol/L、水解温度110 ℃、水解时间4 h; 从极差可以看出, 三氟乙酸浓度影响最大, 3个因素的重要程度为三氟乙酸浓度>水解温度>水解时间。
以对照品质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/mL)、峰面积为纵坐标(Y)绘制标准曲线。甘露糖在10~50 μg/mL的范围内有良好的线性关系。其回归方程为Y=168663X-248.32, r2=0.9927。葡萄糖在10~50 μg/mL的范围内有良好的线性关系。其回归方程为Y=196286X-1028.4, r2=0.9927。半乳糖在8~40 μg/mL的范围内有良好的线性关系。其回归方程为Y=185988X-471.82, r2=0.9938。
多糖溶液水解衍生后连续进样5次, 测定各单糖含量, 计算相对标准偏差(rlative sandard deviation, RSD)。由表4可知, 各个单糖含量的RSD值均小于2%, 表明仪器方法精密度较好。
多糖溶液水解衍生后在室温下存放, 在0、1、2、3、5、12 h分别测定1次。各个单糖含量的RSDs值均小于2%, 表明各单糖衍生后在12 h内稳定。
表4数据得, 各个单糖含量的RSDs值均小于2%, 表明该方法有良好的加标回收率。
将3个厂家共15批样品水解衍生后, 进行色谱分析。由图2可以看出3个厂家的单糖组成大部分一致, 均含有甘露糖、半乳糖、葡萄糖; 其中图2O样品中甘露糖、半乳糖含量较小, 葡萄糖含量很高。样品图2G、H含有其他单糖, 图2N还含有葡萄糖醛酸, 可能因灵芝种类或提取部位不同。
通过对不同厂家的灵芝提取物中单糖测定结果, 均含有甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖3个单糖, 配制不同浓度的混合对照品溶液, 以甘露糖为内参物, 计算相对校正因子。结果见表5
配制甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖3种单糖混合标准品溶液, 衍生后选Agilent 1260型、Waters 2695型高效液相色谱仪, 分别用Atlantis@T3 Waters C18 (4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)、Thermo BDS-HYPERSIL C18 (4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm)、Agilent ZORBAX SB-C18 (4.6 nm×250 nm, 5 μm) 3个色谱柱记录峰面积, 计算相对校正因子。结果如表6所示, 葡萄糖、半乳糖和内参物甘露糖之间的相对校正因子RSD值<3%, 结果表明不同高效液相色谱仪和不同色谱柱对相对校正因子无影响。
色谱条件不变, 设定仪器流速为0.8、1.0、1.2 mL/min, 注入衍生后葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖混合对照品溶液, 记录峰面积, 计算相对校正因子。葡萄糖、半乳糖和内参物甘露糖之间的相对校正因子RSD值均小于3%, 结果如表7所示, 表明流动相的流速不同对相对校正因子没有显著性差异。
色谱条件不变, 设定柱温为25、30、35 ℃。注入衍生后葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖混合对照品溶液, 记录峰面积, 计算相对校正因子。葡萄糖、半乳糖和内参物甘露糖之间的相对校正因子RSDs值均小于3%, 结果如表8所示, 表明不同柱温对各单糖相对校正因子没有显著性差异。
本研究以甘露糖为内参物, 通过计算相对保留值与保留时间差, 如表9所示, 发现相对保留时间差RSDs值大于5%; 相对保留值RSDs值小于5%, 因此选用相对保留值作为待测成分色谱峰定位依据。
15批不同厂家的灵芝提取物, 有两批甘露糖、半乳糖峰面积较小, 因此对其余13批灵芝提取物比较一测多评法和外标法测定的单糖含量。一测多评法和外标法测定的单糖含量相对偏差均小于5%, 结果如表10~11所示, 表明一测多评法和外标法测定的结果没有显著性差异。
随着灵芝被纳入药食同源及《保健食品原料目录》以来, 其提取物应用的越来越广泛, 而采用分光光度法已不能真实反映灵芝提取物中灵芝多糖质量[25], 本研究通过柱前衍生化反相液相色谱分析法[26-27]测定单糖含量, 3个厂家灵芝提取物中大部分含有葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖, 除四批提取物单糖比例差的较大以外, 其余批次单糖比例差别不大。可考虑在灵芝提取物标准中增加葡萄糖、甘露糖、半乳糖含量检测及含量比例, 来整体把控购进的灵芝提取物的质量。但本次研究所用样品批次还不够多, 还需在实际运用中进一步完善。
一测多评方法使用单个对照品对多个组分进行同步测定, 近年来一测多评也多用于中药的质量评价[28-30], 该方法简便快捷、能提高检测效率, 节省成本。本研究建立以甘露糖为内参物, 同时测定灵芝提取物中甘露糖、葡萄糖、半乳糖含量, 与外标法比较, 无显著性差异, 具有可行性。
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2025年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241227002
  • 接收时间:2024-12-27
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-27
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    北京同仁堂健康药业股份有限公司, 北京 100176

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* 张国兴(1981—), 男, 主管药师, 主要研究方向为中药鉴定、保健食品质量管理。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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