Article(id=1153433641398031202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241224004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734969600000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-24, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929609869, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929609869, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929609869, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929609869, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=216, endPage=223, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433642278835075, articleId=1153433641398031202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Screening and quantitative detection of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones in weight-loss foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1153429494506447365, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Development and Detection of Health Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a screening and quantitative method for illegally added anthraquinone- containing plant laxatives in weight-loss foods. Methods The anthraquinone glycosides in foods were hydrolyzed into anthraquinone aglycones by the acid hydrolysis extraction method, and 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones produced by hydrolysis were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-trap-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-trap-MS). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used as a probe for detection, and the enhanced product ion scan (EPI) mode was triggered through information dependent acquisition (IDA). External standard method was adopted for quantification. Results The limit of detection of physcion in weight-loss foods was 5.0 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 12.5 mg/kg, with a good linear relationship in the range of 0.25-5.00 μg/mL. The limits of detection of the other 7 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones were 1.0 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 2.5 mg/kg, and they had good linear relationships in the range of 0.05-1.00 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients r≥0.992. Spike recovery tests were carried out at three concentration levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 20.0 mg/kg (physcion at 12.5, 25.0 and 100.0 mg/kg), respectively. The average recovery rates of the 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones were 80.6%-102.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.35%-8.80% (n=6). Conclusion This method has the characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity and high accuracy, and is suitable for the simultaneous rapid screening and accurate quantification of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones.

, correspAuthors=Yuan HUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yuan HUANG, Xiao-Yang WANG, Jia YU, Yan GU, Liang CHENG, Zhi-Yuan LI, Xiang-Xiang KONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433660297564710, articleId=1153433641398031202, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法筛查和定量检测减肥食品中8种蒽醌苷元, columnId=1153429494632276488, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种减肥食品中违法添加含蒽醌类植物泻药的筛查和定量方法。方法 采用酸水解提取的方法将食品中蒽醌苷类物质水解为蒽醌苷元, 并用超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-trap-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-Q-trap-MS)对水解产生的8种蒽醌苷元进行测定。以多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)作为探针检测, 并通过信息依赖性采集(information dependent acquisition, IDA)触发增强型子离子扫描(enhanced product ion scan, EPI)模式, 采用外标法定量。结果 减肥食品中大黄素甲醚的检出限为5.0 mg/kg, 定量限为12.5 mg/kg, 在0.25~5.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 其他7种蒽醌苷元的检出限为1.0 mg/kg, 定量限为2.5 mg/kg, 并且在0.05~1.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r≥0.992。分别在2.5、5.0和20.0 mg/kg(大黄素甲醚在12.5、25.0、100.0 mg/kg) 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验, 8种蒽醌苷元的平均回收率为80.6%~102.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)为2.35%~8.80% (n=6)。结论 该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高的特点, 适合于8种蒽醌苷元的同时快速筛查与准确定量。

, correspAuthors=黄媛, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 黄媛(1983—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品、保健食品的研究与检测。E-mail: com
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Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2013, 35(1): 190-192., articleTitle=Preparative high-performance liquid chromatography for the separation and purification of chrysophanol and physcion, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175086801678124020, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=32, issue=7, pageStart=1155, pageEnd=1158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=56, authorNames=封淑华, 韩桂茹, 冯丽, journalName=中成药, refType=null, unstructuredReference=封淑华, 韩桂茹, 冯丽. 酸水解条件对大黄及其制剂中蒽醌类成分含量的影响研究[J]. 中成药, 2010, 32(7): 1155-1158., articleTitle=酸水解条件对大黄及其制剂中蒽醌类成分含量的影响研究, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175086801770398712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2010, volume=32, issue=7, pageStart=1155, pageEnd=1158, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=57, authorNames=FENG SH, HAN GR, FENG L, journalName=Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, refType=null, unstructuredReference=FENG SH, HAN GR, FENG L. Research on the influence of acid hydrolysis conditions on the content of anthraquinone components in rheum and its preparations[J]. Chinese Traditional Patent Medicine, 2010, 32(7): 1155-1158., articleTitle=Research on the influence of acid hydrolysis conditions on the content of anthraquinone components in rheum and its preparations, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175086801833313275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=58, authorNames=马红玉, journalName=蒽醌类成分的体内外检测研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=马红玉. 蒽醌类成分的体内外检测研究[D]. 贵阳: 贵州大学, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175086801917199356, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=59, authorNames=MA HY, journalName=In vitro and in vivo detection of anthraquinone components, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MA HY. 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注: a. 橙黄决明素; b. 芦荟大黄素; c. 大黄酸; d. 番泻苷元A; e. 番泻苷元B; f. 大黄素; g. 大黄酚; h. 大黄素甲醚。A. Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18; B. Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3; C. Phenomenex Kinetex F5。

, figureFileSmall=9x51j/16LOYc9Gzg5TaCQg==, figureFileBig=bqLR8z1BXivCao6s8AINGw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086796217140132, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Secondary fragmentation spectra of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones in EPI mode, figureFileSmall=hrm+6YqN/bJ/bFAT8BxduQ==, figureFileBig=1/pTPxOKD7x6BLN9oUOSiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086796275860389, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=图3, caption=EPI模式下8种蒽醌苷元的二级碎片图谱, figureFileSmall=hrm+6YqN/bJ/bFAT8BxduQ==, figureFileBig=1/pTPxOKD7x6BLN9oUOSiA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175086796334580646, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient washing program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 5 95
1.0 5 95
7.5 95 5
8.0 95 5
8.1 5 95
10.0 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796397495207, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min A/% B/%
0 5 95
1.0 5 95
7.5 95 5
8.0 95 5
8.1 5 95
10.0 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796447826856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrometry parameters of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 离子源模式 保留时间/min 定量离子
对(m/z)
定性离子
对(m/z)
去簇电
压/V
碰撞能
量/V
大黄素甲醚 ESI- 7.31 283.3/240.0 283.3/183.0 -100 -38/-68
大黄酸 ESI- 6.30 283.0/239.2 283.0/211.1 -30 -23/-38
番泻苷元A ESI- 6.90 537.0/224.0 537.0/268.3 -130 -45/-30
番泻苷元B ESI- 7.04 537.0/224.0 537.0/268.3 -130 -45/-30
橙黄决明素 ESI- 6.07 329.0/299.1 329.0/271.1 -50 -35/-45
大黄素 ESI- 6.91 269.0/255.1 269.0/241.0 -140 -39/-38
芦荟大黄素 ESI- 5.99 269.0/239.2 269.0/183.0 -100 -45/-47
大黄酚 ESI- 6.94 253.0/225.1 253.0/182.0 -70 -40/-56
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796506547113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

8种蒽醌苷元的质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 离子源模式 保留时间/min 定量离子
对(m/z)
定性离子
对(m/z)
去簇电
压/V
碰撞能
量/V
大黄素甲醚 ESI- 7.31 283.3/240.0 283.3/183.0 -100 -38/-68
大黄酸 ESI- 6.30 283.0/239.2 283.0/211.1 -30 -23/-38
番泻苷元A ESI- 6.90 537.0/224.0 537.0/268.3 -130 -45/-30
番泻苷元B ESI- 7.04 537.0/224.0 537.0/268.3 -130 -45/-30
橙黄决明素 ESI- 6.07 329.0/299.1 329.0/271.1 -50 -35/-45
大黄素 ESI- 6.91 269.0/255.1 269.0/241.0 -140 -39/-38
芦荟大黄素 ESI- 5.99 269.0/239.2 269.0/183.0 -100 -45/-47
大黄酚 ESI- 6.94 253.0/225.1 253.0/182.0 -70 -40/-56
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796565267370, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linearity, correlation coefficient, detection limit and quantitation limit of the method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性范围/(μg/mL) 回归方程 相关系数(r) 检出限/(mg/kg) 定量限/(mg/kg)
大黄素甲醚 0.25~5.00 Y=2.1305e2X-1.6601e3 0.992 5.0 12.5
大黄酸 0.05~1.00 Y=1.2501e4X+2.6362e5 0.998 1.0 2.5
番泻苷元A 0.05~1.00 Y=5.8563e3X+1.8886e5 0.997 1.0 2.5
番泻苷元B 0.05~1.00 Y=6.0275e3X+1.1973e5 0.995 1.0 2.5
橙黄决明素 0.05~1.00 Y=5.8563e3X+1.8886e5 0.997 1.0 2.5
大黄素 0.05~1.00 Y=3.1762e4X+3.9707e6 0.992 1.0 2.5
芦荟大黄素 0.05~1.00 Y=1.641e3X-2.7947e4 0.995 1.0 2.5
大黄酚 0.05~1.00 Y=3.5943e2X+3.8973e4 0.992 1.0 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796628181931, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

方法的线性、相关系数、检出限及定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 线性范围/(μg/mL) 回归方程 相关系数(r) 检出限/(mg/kg) 定量限/(mg/kg)
大黄素甲醚 0.25~5.00 Y=2.1305e2X-1.6601e3 0.992 5.0 12.5
大黄酸 0.05~1.00 Y=1.2501e4X+2.6362e5 0.998 1.0 2.5
番泻苷元A 0.05~1.00 Y=5.8563e3X+1.8886e5 0.997 1.0 2.5
番泻苷元B 0.05~1.00 Y=6.0275e3X+1.1973e5 0.995 1.0 2.5
橙黄决明素 0.05~1.00 Y=5.8563e3X+1.8886e5 0.997 1.0 2.5
大黄素 0.05~1.00 Y=3.1762e4X+3.9707e6 0.992 1.0 2.5
芦荟大黄素 0.05~1.00 Y=1.641e3X-2.7947e4 0.995 1.0 2.5
大黄酚 0.05~1.00 Y=3.5943e2X+3.8973e4 0.992 1.0 2.5
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796716262316, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Spike recovery and precision of blank samples of 8 kinds of anthraquinoneaglycones (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(mg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
大黄素甲醚 12.5 102.0 8.80
25.0 82.8 4.49
100.0 82.2 2.35
大黄酸 2.5 86.3 7.80
5.0 89.9 6.84
20.0 89.2 3.91
番泻苷元A 2.5 90.1 4.33
5.0 85.9 5.28
20.0 87.5 2.71
番泻苷元B 2.5 84.1 7.61
5.0 83.2 3.36
20.0 90.3 4.28
橙黄决明素 2.5 80.7 2.77
5.0 85.6 4.68
20.0 93.3 4.86
大黄素 2.5 82.3 4.58
5.0 80.6 8.15
20.0 92.6 7.57
芦荟大黄素 2.5 83.0 7.28
5.0 81.2 5.72
20.0 89.9 6.26
大黄酚 2.5 83.5 5.74
5.0 82.6 2.43
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796779176877, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

8种蒽醌苷元的空白样品加标回收和精密度(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物名称 加标量/(mg/kg) 平均回收率/% RSDs/%
大黄素甲醚 12.5 102.0 8.80
25.0 82.8 4.49
100.0 82.2 2.35
大黄酸 2.5 86.3 7.80
5.0 89.9 6.84
20.0 89.2 3.91
番泻苷元A 2.5 90.1 4.33
5.0 85.9 5.28
20.0 87.5 2.71
番泻苷元B 2.5 84.1 7.61
5.0 83.2 3.36
20.0 90.3 4.28
橙黄决明素 2.5 80.7 2.77
5.0 85.6 4.68
20.0 93.3 4.86
大黄素 2.5 82.3 4.58
5.0 80.6 8.15
20.0 92.6 7.57
芦荟大黄素 2.5 83.0 7.28
5.0 81.2 5.72
20.0 89.9 6.26
大黄酚 2.5 83.5 5.74
5.0 82.6 2.43
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796850480046, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Detection results of 8 kinds of anthraquinoneaglycones in actual samples (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 大黄素甲醚 大黄酸 番泻苷元A 番泻苷元B 橙黄决明素 大黄
芦荟大黄素 大黄
样品
类型
1 12.2 168 319 158 / 9.16 16.4 / 果冻
2 / 55.8 119 61.8 / / 1511 7.89 固体
饮料
3 20.0 / / / 19.4 / 522 16.5 饮料
4 894 / / / 160 86.1 / 367 压片
糖果
5 466 18.4 175 98.1 88.8 16.7 1917 264 压片
糖果
), ArticleFig(id=1175086796917588911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641398031202, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

实际样品中8种蒽醌苷元的检出结果(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品编号 大黄素甲醚 大黄酸 番泻苷元A 番泻苷元B 橙黄决明素 大黄
芦荟大黄素 大黄
样品
类型
1 12.2 168 319 158 / 9.16 16.4 / 果冻
2 / 55.8 119 61.8 / / 1511 7.89 固体
饮料
3 20.0 / / / 19.4 / 522 16.5 饮料
4 894 / / / 160 86.1 / 367 压片
糖果
5 466 18.4 175 98.1 88.8 16.7 1917 264 压片
糖果
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超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法筛查和定量检测减肥食品中8种蒽醌苷元
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黄媛 1, * , 王晓阳 1 , 于佳 1 , 谷岩 1 , 程亮 2 , 李志远 3 , 孔祥翔 4
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025,16(6): 216-223
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025, 16(6): 216-223
超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法筛查和定量检测减肥食品中8种蒽醌苷元
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黄媛1, * , 王晓阳1, 于佳1, 谷岩1, 程亮2, 李志远3, 孔祥翔4
作者信息
  • 1.辽宁省检验检测认证中心, 沈阳 110000
  • 2.沈阳誉普科技有限公司, 沈阳 110000
  • 3.上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司, 北京 100015
  • 4.辽宁省药品检验检测院, 沈阳 110000

通讯作者:

* 黄媛(1983—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品、保健食品的研究与检测。E-mail: com
Screening and quantitative detection of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones in weight-loss foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry
Yuan HUANG1, * , Xiao-Yang WANG1, Jia YU1, Yan GU1, Liang CHENG2, Zhi-Yuan LI3, Xiang-Xiang KONG4
Affiliations
  • 1. Liaoning Inspection, Examination & Certification Centre, Shenyang 110000, China
  • 2. Shenyang Yupu Technology Co., Ltd., Shenyang 110000, China
  • 3. Shanghai AB Sciex Analytical Instrument Trading Co., Ltd., Beijing 100015, China
  • 4. Liaoning Provincial Institute for Drug Inspection and Testing, Shenyang 110000, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241224004
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目的 建立一种减肥食品中违法添加含蒽醌类植物泻药的筛查和定量方法。方法 采用酸水解提取的方法将食品中蒽醌苷类物质水解为蒽醌苷元, 并用超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法(ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-trap-tandem mass spectrometry, UPLC-Q-trap-MS)对水解产生的8种蒽醌苷元进行测定。以多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)作为探针检测, 并通过信息依赖性采集(information dependent acquisition, IDA)触发增强型子离子扫描(enhanced product ion scan, EPI)模式, 采用外标法定量。结果 减肥食品中大黄素甲醚的检出限为5.0 mg/kg, 定量限为12.5 mg/kg, 在0.25~5.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 其他7种蒽醌苷元的检出限为1.0 mg/kg, 定量限为2.5 mg/kg, 并且在0.05~1.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数r≥0.992。分别在2.5、5.0和20.0 mg/kg(大黄素甲醚在12.5、25.0、100.0 mg/kg) 3个浓度水平进行加标回收试验, 8种蒽醌苷元的平均回收率为80.6%~102.0%, 相对标准偏差(relative standard deviations, RSDs)为2.35%~8.80% (n=6)。结论 该方法具有操作简单、灵敏度高、准确度高的特点, 适合于8种蒽醌苷元的同时快速筛查与准确定量。

超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法  /  蒽醌苷元  /  减肥食品  /  筛查  /  定量

Objective To establish a screening and quantitative method for illegally added anthraquinone- containing plant laxatives in weight-loss foods. Methods The anthraquinone glycosides in foods were hydrolyzed into anthraquinone aglycones by the acid hydrolysis extraction method, and 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones produced by hydrolysis were determined by ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-trap-tandem mass spectrometry (UPLC-Q-trap-MS). Multiple reaction monitoring (MRM) was used as a probe for detection, and the enhanced product ion scan (EPI) mode was triggered through information dependent acquisition (IDA). External standard method was adopted for quantification. Results The limit of detection of physcion in weight-loss foods was 5.0 mg/kg, and the limit of quantification was 12.5 mg/kg, with a good linear relationship in the range of 0.25-5.00 μg/mL. The limits of detection of the other 7 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones were 1.0 mg/kg, and the limits of quantification were 2.5 mg/kg, and they had good linear relationships in the range of 0.05-1.00 μg/mL, with correlation coefficients r≥0.992. Spike recovery tests were carried out at three concentration levels of 2.5, 5.0 and 20.0 mg/kg (physcion at 12.5, 25.0 and 100.0 mg/kg), respectively. The average recovery rates of the 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones were 80.6%-102.0%, and the relative standard deviations (RSDs) were 2.35%-8.80% (n=6). Conclusion This method has the characteristics of simple operation, high sensitivity and high accuracy, and is suitable for the simultaneous rapid screening and accurate quantification of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones.

ultra performance liquid chromatography-Q-trap-tandem mass spectrometry  /  anthraquinone aglycones  /  weight-loss foods  /  screening  /  quantification
黄媛, 王晓阳, 于佳, 谷岩, 程亮, 李志远, 孔祥翔. 超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱法筛查和定量检测减肥食品中8种蒽醌苷元. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 216 -223 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241224004
Yuan HUANG, Xiao-Yang WANG, Jia YU, Yan GU, Liang CHENG, Zhi-Yuan LI, Xiang-Xiang KONG. Screening and quantitative detection of 8 kinds of anthraquinone aglycones in weight-loss foods by ultra performance liquid chromatography-quadrupole ion trap tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 216 -223 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241224004
随着公众健康意识的不断提升, 食品安全性问题已成为社会广泛关注的焦点。当下, 经济与社会的高速推进促使物质生活持续优渥, 生活模式经历显著变迁, 在此背景下, 肥胖态势渐趋严峻, 已然成为危害健康的关键隐患之一。近年来, 一些不法商家为了追求经济利益, 在食品中违法添加各类药物, 而许多宣称减肥的食品中打着纯天然的口号实际却违法添加减肥类药物, 所涉及的违法添加物包含西布曲明、双醋酚丁等化学药物, 同时也有植物类泻药成分[1-5]。由于植物类泻药的添加更具有隐蔽性, 近年来违法添加植物类泻药的事件呈上升的趋势。如2020年10月爆出的“年销10亿的茉特压片糖果非法添加泻药成分番泻苷”, 2020年12月“老牌微商澜庭集旗下净颜梅果冻非法添加泻药成分番泻苷”等[3]。在减肥产品中作为泻下成分违法添加的植物类泻药, 主要包括大黄[6-7]、决明子[8-9]、番泻叶[10-11]、芦荟[12]等, 在这些植物类泻药里, 发挥泻下作用的成分是总蒽醌类, 总蒽醌包含结合蒽醌与游离蒽醌。橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚以及大黄素甲醚这6种蒽醌苷元, 基本涵盖了上述药用植物中除番泻苷之外, 能起到泻下作用的蒽醌苷元的基本母核(图1)。本研究通过采用同一种酸水解方法, 将包括番泻苷在内的结合型蒽醌全部水解为蒽醌苷元, 进而实现对总蒽醌含量的准确测定。
当前, 针对蒽醌类化合物的检测方法主要包括高效液相色谱法[13-17]、液相色谱-串联质谱法[18-21]以及紫外分光光度法[22-25]等。其中, 高效液相色谱法和紫外分光光度法多用于药品和保健食品中蒽醌类化合物的检测。而对于违法添加物的检测, 由于对检测仪器的灵敏度要求较高, 多应用液相色谱-串联质谱法进行检测。对于同时添加了含番泻苷成分药物与其他蒽醌类药物的样品, 目前缺乏能够同时进行测定的相应方法。
基于此, 本研究采用酸水解法, 将蒽醌苷类物质同时水解为8种蒽醌苷元基本母核, 并借助高灵敏度的液相色谱-串联质谱线性离子肼功能, 构建质谱信息库。以期能够快速、准确地对违法添加物进行定性与定量分析, 有效判断假阳性和假阴性情况, 为食品安全监管提供有效助力。
甲醇(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔有限公司); 二氯甲烷、硫酸(分析纯, 国药集团化学制剂有限公司); 番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B(纯度>95%, 上海安谱璀世标准技术服务有限公司);
大黄素、大黄素甲醚、大黄酸、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚、橙黄决明素(纯度>95%, 中国检验检科学研究院); 试验用样品(所用声称具有减肥功能的食品采购自药店、商超或各网络销售平台)。
AB SCIEX QTAP-6500超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子肼复合质谱仪(上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司); AB135-S电子分析天平(感量0.1 mg, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); FW100高速万能粉碎机(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司); HH-4数显恒温水浴锅(江苏省金坛市荣华仪器制造有限公司); N1-28全自动氮吹浓缩仪(上海屹尧仪器科技发展有限公司); MIX-200多管涡旋混匀仪(上海净信实业发展有限公司); CR21N高速离心机(日本东芝公司); Milli-Q高纯水发生器(美国密理博公司); DT512H超声波清洗器(德国BANDELIN公司); Phenomenex Kinetex F5色谱柱(50 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 µm)(美国飞诺美科技公司)。
色谱柱: Phenomenex Kinetex F5 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 µm); 柱温: 40 ℃; 流动相体系: A: 甲醇, B: 0.05%甲酸水; 流速: 0.4 mL/min。洗脱条件见表1
离子源选用电喷雾离子源(electron spray ionization, ESI), 扫描模式设定为负模式(ESI-), 并以多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式进行数据采集。相关气体参数如下: 气帘气(curtain gas, CUR)压力为35 psi, 雾化气(ion source gas 1, GS1)压力55 psi, 辅助气(ion source gas 2, GS2)压力60 psi, 碰撞气(collision gas, CAD)设为Medium。离子喷雾电压调整至-4500 V, 辅助气温度(temperature, TEM)维持在550 ℃, 入口电压(declustering potential, EP)和碰撞室出口电压(cell exit potential, CXP)分别设为10 V和11 V。8种蒽醌苷元类化合物的离子对及能量参数等详情列于表2, 化学结构见图1
信息依赖触发阈值设定为5000 cps, 采用动态背景扣除模式, 子离子扫描(enhanced product ion scan, EPI)的扫描速度为20000 Da/s, 扫描范围在100~900 m/z之间, 且EPI的3个碰撞能量依次为15、30和45 V。
分别准确称取番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B标准物质适量, 用0.1%碳酸氢钠溶液溶解; 分别准确称取橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚、大黄素甲醚标准品适量, 用甲醇溶解。配制成质量浓度为100 μg/mL的标准储备液, 如溶解困难, 可采用超声辅助助溶。
混合标准溶液: 分别准确移取番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B、橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚标准储备液1.0 mL, 大黄素甲醚标准储备液5.0 mL, 用甲醇溶解并稀释至10 mL, 配制成番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B、橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚质量浓度均为10 μg/mL、大黄素甲醚质量浓度均为50 μg/mL的混合标准溶液。分别取混合标准溶液适量, 配制成番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B、橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚质量浓度为0.05、0.10、0.20、0.40、1.00 μg/mL; 大黄素甲醚质量浓度为0.25、0.50、1.00、2.00、5.00 μg/mL的系列标准溶液。
取适量样品于高速万能粉碎机中粉碎, 称取粉碎后样品1.0 g置于250 mL圆底烧瓶中, 加入50 mL甲醇, 于沸水浴中回流提取45 min。取出放冷至室温, 用甲醇补足减失的重量。将溶液转移至50 mL离心管中, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 移取10 mL上清液至另一50 mL的离心管中, 40 ℃氮气吹干。加入10 mL 15%硫酸溶液, 75 ℃超声处理50 min, 冷却至室温后, 用二氯甲烷重复萃取3次, 每次10 mL, 合并萃取液。萃取液在40 ℃氮气吹干, 残渣用10 mL甲醇溶解。
按仪器参考条件设定, 将混合标准系列溶液和试样溶液等体积进样测定, 得到相应的标准溶液的色谱峰面积, 以番泻苷元A、番泻苷元B、橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚标准溶液的浓度为横坐标, 以色谱峰的峰面积为纵坐标, 外标法定量。
采用SCIEX的Analyst®1.7.3HotFix 1 Software软件采集数据, SCIEXOS 3.1.6.44软件外标法定量分析, Origin 2024软件绘图。实验重复次数为6次。
MRM模式展现出高度的选择性与特异性优势, 尤其契合于对多种化合物的多个离子对同时开展扫描作业的复杂情形。借助针泵, 将质量浓度为0.1 μg/mL的各类标准品溶液精准注入质谱仪中, 针对各标准品溶液, 分别运用ESI的正、负两种模式来启动一级质谱扫描流程, 监测并捕捉与各标准品相对应的母离子信号。在实际扫描中发现, 8种化合物均发现了[M-H]-峰。橙黄决明素、大黄素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酚既发现了[M+H]+峰又发现了[M-H]-峰, 但负离子模式的干扰较小, 鉴于此, 针对8种蒽醌苷元化合物, 最终选定ESI负源模式来进行母离子扫描操作, 以便获取更为精准且理想的母离子信息。继母离子扫描完成后, 随即对已获得的母离子实施碰撞裂解处理, 通过优化去簇电压以及碰撞能量值, 从众多裂解产生的离子中筛选并确定出两个具有较高响应强度的分子离子作为子离子。​各化合物在这一优化过程中所确定的去簇电压与碰撞能量值的具体数据详见表2
本研究着重从色谱柱类型以及流动相种类这两个关键维度, 对液相色谱条件进行了全面深入的优化探究, 旨在达成各化合物的理想分离状态, 确保实验结果的精准性与可靠性。
具体而言, 针对色谱柱类型这一关键因素, 本研究开展了细致的对比分析工作。选取了3款具有代表性的色谱柱, 分别为Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 µm)、Waters ACQUITY UPLC HSS T3 (100 mm×2.1 mm, 1.8 µm)和Phenomenex Kinetex F5 (50 mm×2.1 mm, 2.6 µm), 考察3款色谱柱对8种蒽醌苷元的分离情况。发现使用3种色谱柱均能对8种蒽醌苷元进行良好分离, 但使用C18色谱柱时色谱峰稍有拖尾, 使用HSS T3和F5色谱柱时分离效果更好。而F5色谱柱在使用时展现出的优势更明显, 对于8种蒽醌苷元的分离分析, 其不仅能够使各化合物的色谱峰峰形更尖锐且不拖尾, 且各化合物响应强度也最高。综合考虑峰形与响应值两方面的突出表现, 最终确定F5色谱柱为本研究的色谱柱。8种蒽醌苷元在不同色谱柱上的分离情况见图2
此外, 针对流动相种类这一关键因素, 本研究对比了以甲醇水、甲醇甲酸水、甲醇甲酸甲酸铵3种溶剂做为流动相对蒽醌苷元分离的影响, 发现以甲醇水做为流动相时大黄素甲醚的响应最高, 但对番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B的影响较大, 番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B在以甲醇水作为流动相时在C18色谱柱上不出峰, 在T3色谱柱上响应很低, 在F5色谱柱上峰型展宽严重; 流动相中添加甲酸水后, 会明显改善各化合物的峰型, 增大响应值, 但对大黄素甲醚的响应值有抑制作用。为平衡8种蒽醌苷元类化合物, 本研究对比了加入不同体积分数的甲酸水对各化合物产生的影响, 分别在流动相中加入体积分数为0.01%、0.02%、0.05%、0.10%的甲酸水, 发现随着甲酸体积分数的增大对大黄素甲醚的抑制增大, 对番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B的响应值有增强, 但加入0.05%体积分数以下甲酸水影响不明显, 加入0.1%甲酸水影响明显增大。本研究进一步探究了流动相中添加甲酸铵所产生的效应。结果显示, 甲酸铵的引入致使各化合物的响应值在一定程度上受到抑制, 未能达到预期的增强效果。同时, 从峰型塑造的角度来看, 其对峰型的优化贡献微乎其微, 未呈现出明显的改善效果。​因此, 综合各方面因素, 最终确定采用甲醇-0.05%甲酸水作为流动相体系。这一选择是基于对化合物响应特性、峰型呈现效果以及整体实验稳定性和准确性等多维度因素的综合评估后得出的最优决策。8种蒽醌苷元的分离采用梯度洗脱, 梯度洗脱条件详见表1
酸水解是一种常用的将蒽醌类物质水解为蒽醌苷元的方法[26-30]。通过酸水解, 可以将植物类泻药中的蒽醌苷转化为蒽醌苷元, 蒽醌苷是由蒽醌苷元上的羟基与糖的半缩醛羟基脱水形成的的糖苷键连接而成, 酸可以水解结合型蒽醌的糖苷键。在酸性环境中, 稀硫酸、盐酸等提供的氢离子率先攻击蒽醌苷的糖苷键。因糖苷键中氧原子存在孤对电子, 易接受质子, 致使糖苷键的氧原子质子化, 进而该键稳定性降低。此时, 带有部分负电荷的水分子氧原子作为亲核试剂, 进攻与苷元相连且带正电的碳原子, 促使糖苷键断裂。水解后, 糖基部分生成游离糖分子, 而苷元部分在原糖苷键连接位置形成一个羟基, 从而产生蒽醌苷元。
目前, 对于番泻苷的水解方法和及其苷元的测定研究甚少, 对同时添加了含有番泻苷成分的药物与其他蒽醌类药物的样品, 亦没有相应的方法同时进行测定。本研究采用一种酸水解方法, 能够同时水解番泻苷与其他结合蒽醌, 并对番泻苷元与其他蒽醌苷元进行同时测定。酸水解蒽醌苷元的通常方法为采用甲醇提取结合蒽醌, 再用酸水解为游离蒽醌, 然后以二氯甲烷进行液相萃取, 最后以甲醇溶剂置换。本研究考察了盐酸溶液和硫酸溶液的水解强度, 发现同浓度的硫酸溶液比盐酸溶液的水解效率高, 酸水解时超声效果比回流提取好, 因此酸水解条件选择硫酸溶液做为酸水解溶液超声提取。并选取对提取效果影响相对较大的4个因素即甲醇水浴提取时间、硫酸浓度、酸水解时间、酸水解温度设计响应面实验, 最终确定样品前处理的最佳条件为甲醇沸水浴回流提取45 min, 硫酸质量分数为15%, 酸水解温度为75 ℃, 超声辅助提取酸水解时间为50 min。
在化合物的定量与定性分析领域, 传统方法通常依赖常规的三重四极杆技术, 凭借对化合物的保留时间、定量离子、定性离子以及离子丰度比等关键信息的精准测定, 实现对样品的有效解析。本研究引入三重四极杆线性离子阱技术(triple quadrupole-linear ion trap, Q-Trap), 借助信息依赖性采集(information dependent acquisition, IDA), 成功触发增强型EPI, 针对疑似阳性样品进行离子打碎处理, 进而获取更为详尽的二级谱图信息。这些丰富而独特的特征二级碎片信息, 犹如化合物的“指纹”, 为目标物的精准确证提供了坚实依据, 有效弥补了传统方法在复杂样品分析中的不足, 显著提升了检测的准确性与可靠性。如图3所示, 在MRM-IDA-EPI模式下, 本研究率先使用纯标准品构建了8种蒽醌苷元的标准二级谱库, 随后将其与疑似阳性样品的二级碎片谱图进行精细匹配与对比分析。二者之间的匹配程度成为判断阳性概率的关键指标, 匹配度越高, 则意味着样品中目标化合物存在的可能性越大。从图3呈现的结果清晰可见, 样品中8种蒽苷元的二级谱图与标准品的二级谱图高度吻合, 这证明了样品中8种蒽醌苷元均在不同程度上被成功检出, 充分彰显了本研究方法的有效性与优越性。
以化合物质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/mL), 峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 绘制标准曲线, 计算回归方程和系数, 其中大黄素甲醚在0.25~5.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好, 其他7种蒽醌苷元在0.05~1.00 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好,8种蒽醌苷元的线性相关系数r均大于等于0.992。以3倍和10倍信噪比分别确定方法的检出限和定量限, 大黄素甲醚的检出限为5.0 mg/kg, 定量限为12.5 mg/kg, 其他7种蒽醌苷元的检出限为1.0 mg/kg, 定量限为2.5 mg/kg, 具体结果见表3
选取市售的固体饮料类减肥食品作为基质样本, 在3个不同浓度水平下开展加标回收实验, 以此对方法的准确度(以加标样品的回收率表示)和精密度(以RSD表示)进行系统性评估, 具体实验数据详见表4。由表4可知, 8种蒽醌苷元的平均回收率为80.6%~102.0%, 精密度为2.35%~ 8.80%, 表明方法的准确度较好、精密度较高。
应用本方法对市售的42批声称具有减肥功能的产品进行检测, 样品类型包括果冻、固体饮料、饮料、压片糖果、代用茶等。结果共5批样品不同程度地检出8种蒽醌苷元, 其中3批阳性样品检出番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B。
具有减肥功效的植物性泻药主要为大黄、番泻叶、决明子、芦荟、何首乌等, 有我国现行的《食品安全法》第38条明确规定, “生产经营的食品中不得添加药品, 但是可以添加按照传统既是食品又是中药材的物质”。根据卫健委最新“药食同源”名单, 番泻叶、何首乌、大黄、芦荟只能用于保健食品, 不能用于普通食品, 决明子可以用于普通食品。
对比此5批样品的配料表, 其中2号样品中明示添加芦荟成分, 3号、4号、5号样品明示添加决明子成分。由于决明子中含有橙黄决明素、芦荟大黄素、大黄酸、大黄素、大黄酚和大黄素甲醚等成分[9], 而普通食品中可以添加决明子成分, 因此检出上述成分不能判定为人为非法添加。番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B为番泻苷A和番泻苷B的酸水解产物, 而番泻苷为大黄、番泻叶的特征性成分[6-7,10-11], 在普通食品中这两种药材均不得添加, 因此样品中检出番泻苷元A和番泻苷元B可判定为人为非法添加。5批样品的检出结果见表5
本研究构建了超高效液相色谱-四极杆串联离子阱复合质谱方法, 用于减肥食品中8种蒽醌苷元的同步筛查与定量分析。采用酸水解法使结合蒽醌转化为游离态, 经Phenomenex Kinetex F5色谱柱实现8种蒽醌苷元的高效分离, 并借助离子阱EPI功能对疑似阳性样品进行二级碎片解析, 显著增强目标物甄别与假阳性排除能力。
经全面方法学验证, 该方法灵敏度高、重复性佳、准确度优, 且适用于高通量检测场景, 为减肥食品中植物类泻药违法添加的筛查与定量提供了可靠的技术手段, 在维护食品安全与消费者权益方面具有重要的应用价值与实践意义, 亦为相关检测技术的发展提供了有益参考与范例。
  • 基于三重四极杆串联质谱仪联合Q-TRAP方法建立食品中违法添加植物类泻药成分的筛查平台项目(2023-MS-065)
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241224004
  • 接收时间:2024-12-24
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-24
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基于三重四极杆串联质谱仪联合Q-TRAP方法建立食品中违法添加植物类泻药成分的筛查平台项目(2023-MS-065)
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    1.辽宁省检验检测认证中心, 沈阳 110000
    2.沈阳誉普科技有限公司, 沈阳 110000
    3.上海爱博才思分析仪器贸易有限公司, 北京 100015
    4.辽宁省药品检验检测院, 沈阳 110000

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* 黄媛(1983—), 女, 硕士, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品、保健食品的研究与检测。E-mail: com
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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