Article(id=1153986651832443550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241213001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1734019200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-13, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061457831, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061457831, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061457831, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061457831, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=309, endPage=316, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986652746801847, articleId=1153986651832443550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Optimization of the formulation for chicken cod and vegetable patties by response surface analysis, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a pre-cooked seasoned chicken product and optimize its formulation.. Methods Using chicken and cod as the main ingredients with corn starch, salt, eggs, carrots, corn, green beans and horseshoes as the auxiliary ingredients, the formulation of the processing process of the prefabricated nutritious chicken cod and vegetable patties was optimized through one-way and response surface tests with sensory evaluation and cooking loss rate as the evaluation indexes. Results The order of influence of each single factor was: Cod meat addition>salt addition>starch addition, and the optimal formula was 0.86% salt addition, 5.14% corn starch addition, and 20.91% cod meat addition, and at this time, the flavor, tissue state, texture, and color of the precooked chicken cod and vegetable patties reached a better effect. Conclusion In this study, a nutritionally balanced product with unique flavor and better organoleptic quality of pre-prepared chicken cod and vegetable patties is developed, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of pre-prepared seasoned meat products.

, correspAuthors=Ya-Xing FENG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ya-Xing FENG, Shao-Feng WANG, Yong-Xin LI, Li-Xian BIAN, Shi-Jia ZHAO, Zhan-Peng WU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986689291772908, articleId=1153986651832443550, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=响应面法优化鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼配方研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 开发一款预制调理鸡肉产品, 并对其配方进行优化。方法 以鸡肉、鳕鱼为主要原料, 玉米淀粉、盐、鸡蛋、胡萝卜、玉米、青豆和马蹄为辅料, 通过单因素和响应面试验, 以感官评价、蒸煮损失率为评价指标, 优化预制营养鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼加工工艺配方。结果 各单因素影响的主次顺序为: 鳕鱼肉添加量>盐添加量>淀粉添加量, 最优配方为盐添加量0.86%, 玉米淀粉添加量5.14%, 鳕鱼肉添加量20.91%, 此时制作出的预制鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼风味、组织状态、口感和色泽达到了较优的效果。结论 本研究开发出了一款营养均衡、风味独特、感官品质较佳的预制鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼产品, 为开发预制调理肉制品提供了理论和实验基础。

, correspAuthors=封亚星, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 封亚星(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2024, 15(19): 293-305., articleTitle=Study on the preparation, quality characteristics and flavor of Pueraria flavor cake, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428273917805519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428273926194128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, companyId=1183428273917805519, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shijiazhuang Huikang Food Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050800, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428273930388433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, companyId=1183428273917805519, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=石家庄市惠康食品有限公司, 石家庄 050800)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183428275956237306, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Effects of salt addition on sensory scores and cooking loss rate, figureFileSmall=DYJjnwcO31FBU7sPCkvWZg==, figureFileBig=dmBZyM8rRYpq7RnsfF2DbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276019151867, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图1, caption=盐添加量对感官评分和蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=DYJjnwcO31FBU7sPCkvWZg==, figureFileBig=dmBZyM8rRYpq7RnsfF2DbQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276077872124, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Effects of starch addition on sensory scores and cooking loss rate, figureFileSmall=ixlZhrzOmQ+gh3IUZ5vsqA==, figureFileBig=zawU94iEpHfPi9grH5HXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276140786685, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图2, caption=淀粉添加量对感官评分和蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=ixlZhrzOmQ+gh3IUZ5vsqA==, figureFileBig=zawU94iEpHfPi9grH5HXMw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276199506942, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of soybean oil additions on sensory scores and cooking loss rate, figureFileSmall=DmoPcD8c/MTUEzLvobWnBw==, figureFileBig=6BwaduMs0SpVIG3GCOkREQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276258227199, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图3, caption=大豆油添加量对感官评分和蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=DmoPcD8c/MTUEzLvobWnBw==, figureFileBig=6BwaduMs0SpVIG3GCOkREQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276346307584, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of cod meat additions on sensory scores and cooking loss rate, figureFileSmall=jWIqSC8jO1arbxziQiBRbw==, figureFileBig=1ONB1oQHH4yMXEoyYiHmAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276409221120, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图4, caption=鳕鱼肉添加量对感官评分和蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=jWIqSC8jO1arbxziQiBRbw==, figureFileBig=1ONB1oQHH4yMXEoyYiHmAQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276467941377, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of egg additions on sensory scores and cooking loss rate, figureFileSmall=DhgDpQyzzEGAvbJYVfKTPQ==, figureFileBig=eAC/k040iBbRp4ZtLshQxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276526661634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图5, caption=鸡蛋添加量对感官评分和蒸煮损失率的影响, figureFileSmall=DhgDpQyzzEGAvbJYVfKTPQ==, figureFileBig=eAC/k040iBbRp4ZtLshQxg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276589576195, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Surface and contour plots of the effects of different factor interactions on sensory scores of chicken cod and vegetable patties, figureFileSmall=XsuXnSGgWOhymTNi8Fqd2w==, figureFileBig=hEUQrNrKceJjv5uOm71/BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276656685060, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=图6, caption=不同因素交互作用对鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼感官评分影响的曲面图和等高线图, figureFileSmall=XsuXnSGgWOhymTNi8Fqd2w==, figureFileBig=hEUQrNrKceJjv5uOm71/BA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428276715405317, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Basic formula for chicken cod and vegetable patties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料 质量/g
鸡胸肉 35
鳕鱼肉 25
玉米淀粉 5
大豆油 3
1
冰水 4
鸡蛋液 8
玉米粒 5
马蹄碎 5
胡萝卜碎 5
青豆 4
), ArticleFig(id=1183428276786708486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼基本配方

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
原料 质量/g
鸡胸肉 35
鳕鱼肉 25
玉米淀粉 5
大豆油 3
1
冰水 4
鸡蛋液 8
玉米粒 5
马蹄碎 5
胡萝卜碎 5
青豆 4
), ArticleFig(id=1183428276853817351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Factors and levels of Box-Behnken experimental design (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A盐添加量 B淀粉添加量 C鳕鱼肉添加量
-1 0.5 3 15
0 0.8 5 25
1 1.1 7 35
), ArticleFig(id=1183428276908343304, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

Box-Behnken试验设计因素与水平(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 A盐添加量 B淀粉添加量 C鳕鱼肉添加量
-1 0.5 3 15
0 0.8 5 25
1 1.1 7 35
), ArticleFig(id=1183428276971257865, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Sensory evaluation criteria for chicken cod and vegetable patties

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 评分明细 分值/分
风味
(30分)
风味浓郁, 有鸡肉和鱼肉的香味, 咸淡
适中
25~30
风味较差, 鸡肉、鱼肉味道不明显, 咸淡适中 15~24
风味差, 不具有肉的味道, 咸蛋不均匀 0~14
组织状态
(30分)
组织状态良好, 紧密均匀, 弹性好 25~30
组织状态不够紧密, 有弹性 15~24
组织状态差, 弹性差 0~14
口感
(20分)
口感鲜嫩细腻, 软硬度适中, 咀嚼型好 15~20
口感较粗糙, 嫩度不好 8~14
口感粗糙, 过硬或过软 0~7
色泽
(20分)
色泽良好, 表面具有明显光泽, 呈粉白色 15~20
色泽一般, 表面光泽不明显, 呈灰白色 8~14
色泽差, 表面无光泽, 其他杂色 0~7
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277038366730, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼感官评价标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 评分明细 分值/分
风味
(30分)
风味浓郁, 有鸡肉和鱼肉的香味, 咸淡
适中
25~30
风味较差, 鸡肉、鱼肉味道不明显, 咸淡适中 15~24
风味差, 不具有肉的味道, 咸蛋不均匀 0~14
组织状态
(30分)
组织状态良好, 紧密均匀, 弹性好 25~30
组织状态不够紧密, 有弹性 15~24
组织状态差, 弹性差 0~14
口感
(20分)
口感鲜嫩细腻, 软硬度适中, 咀嚼型好 15~20
口感较粗糙, 嫩度不好 8~14
口感粗糙, 过硬或过软 0~7
色泽
(20分)
色泽良好, 表面具有明显光泽, 呈粉白色 15~20
色泽一般, 表面光泽不明显, 呈灰白色 8~14
色泽差, 表面无光泽, 其他杂色 0~7
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277101281291, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Scheme and results of response surface test scheme and results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A盐添加量
/%
B淀粉添加量
/%
C鱼肉添加量/% 感官评分
/分
1 0.5 3 25 59.1
2 1.1 3 25 69.0
3 0.5 7 25 60.7
4 1.1 7 25 70.5
5 0.5 5 15 60.6
6 1.1 5 15 74.0
7 0.5 5 35 56.2
8 1.1 5 35 60.7
9 0.8 3 15 66.6
10 0.8 7 15 75.0
11 0.8 3 35 56.7
12 0.8 7 35 60.5
13 0.8 5 25 80.5
14 0.8 5 25 83.9
15 0.8 5 25 83.3
16 0.8 5 25 82.5
17 0.8 5 25 83.4
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277168390156, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

响应面试验方案及结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
试验号 A盐添加量
/%
B淀粉添加量
/%
C鱼肉添加量/% 感官评分
/分
1 0.5 3 25 59.1
2 1.1 3 25 69.0
3 0.5 7 25 60.7
4 1.1 7 25 70.5
5 0.5 5 15 60.6
6 1.1 5 15 74.0
7 0.5 5 35 56.2
8 1.1 5 35 60.7
9 0.8 3 15 66.6
10 0.8 7 15 75.0
11 0.8 3 35 56.7
12 0.8 7 35 60.5
13 0.8 5 25 80.5
14 0.8 5 25 83.9
15 0.8 5 25 83.3
16 0.8 5 25 82.5
17 0.8 5 25 83.4
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277235499021, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Analysis of variance and significance test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 1681.44 9 186.83 55.57 <0.0001 **
A 176.72 1 176.72 52.56 0.0002 **
B 29.26 1 29.26 8.70 0.0214 *
C 221.55 1 221.55 65.89 <0.0001 **
AB 2.50×10-3 1 2.50×10-3 7.44×10-4 0.9790
AC 19.80 1 19.80 5.89 0.0456 *
BC 5.29 1 5.29 1.57 0.2500
A2 409.35 1 409.35 121.75 <0.0001 **
B2 271.84 1 271.84 80.85 <0.0001 **
C2 419.79 1 419.79 124.86 <0.0001 **
残差 23.54 7 3.36
失拟项 16.37 3 5.46 3.04 0.1551 不显著
纯误差 7.17 4 1.79
总和 1704.98 16
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277315190798, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

方差分析和显著性检验

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 1681.44 9 186.83 55.57 <0.0001 **
A 176.72 1 176.72 52.56 0.0002 **
B 29.26 1 29.26 8.70 0.0214 *
C 221.55 1 221.55 65.89 <0.0001 **
AB 2.50×10-3 1 2.50×10-3 7.44×10-4 0.9790
AC 19.80 1 19.80 5.89 0.0456 *
BC 5.29 1 5.29 1.57 0.2500
A2 409.35 1 409.35 121.75 <0.0001 **
B2 271.84 1 271.84 80.85 <0.0001 **
C2 419.79 1 419.79 124.86 <0.0001 **
残差 23.54 7 3.36
失拟项 16.37 3 5.46 3.04 0.1551 不显著
纯误差 7.17 4 1.79
总和 1704.98 16
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277390688271, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Reliability analysis of regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 标准差 变异系数 R2 R2Adj 信噪比
数值 1.83 2.63 0.9862 0.9684 19.613
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277453602832, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

回归模型的可信度分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 标准差 变异系数 R2 R2Adj 信噪比
数值 1.83 2.63 0.9862 0.9684 19.613
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277512323089, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Microbiological indicators of chicken and cod sparse vegetable patties (CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 数量 GB 19295—2021
菌落总数 200 <10000
大肠杆菌 4 <10
金黄色葡萄球菌 未检出 不得检出
沙门氏菌 未检出 不得检出
), ArticleFig(id=1183428277579431954, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986651832443550, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼的微生物指标(CFU/g)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 数量 GB 19295—2021
菌落总数 200 <10000
大肠杆菌 4 <10
金黄色葡萄球菌 未检出 不得检出
沙门氏菌 未检出 不得检出
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响应面法优化鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼配方研究
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封亚星 * , 王少锋 , 李永新 , 边丽贤 , 赵士佳 , 吴占鹏
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(3): 309-316
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(3): 309-316
响应面法优化鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼配方研究
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封亚星* , 王少锋, 李永新, 边丽贤, 赵士佳, 吴占鹏
作者信息
  • 石家庄市惠康食品有限公司, 石家庄 050800

通讯作者:

* 封亚星(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
Optimization of the formulation for chicken cod and vegetable patties by response surface analysis
Ya-Xing FENG , Shao-Feng WANG, Yong-Xin LI, Li-Xian BIAN, Shi-Jia ZHAO, Zhan-Peng WU
Affiliations
  • Shijiazhuang Huikang Food Co., Ltd., Shijiazhuang 050800, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241213001
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目的 开发一款预制调理鸡肉产品, 并对其配方进行优化。方法 以鸡肉、鳕鱼为主要原料, 玉米淀粉、盐、鸡蛋、胡萝卜、玉米、青豆和马蹄为辅料, 通过单因素和响应面试验, 以感官评价、蒸煮损失率为评价指标, 优化预制营养鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼加工工艺配方。结果 各单因素影响的主次顺序为: 鳕鱼肉添加量>盐添加量>淀粉添加量, 最优配方为盐添加量0.86%, 玉米淀粉添加量5.14%, 鳕鱼肉添加量20.91%, 此时制作出的预制鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼风味、组织状态、口感和色泽达到了较优的效果。结论 本研究开发出了一款营养均衡、风味独特、感官品质较佳的预制鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼产品, 为开发预制调理肉制品提供了理论和实验基础。

鸡肉  /  鳕鱼  /  蒸煮损失率  /  Box-Behnken设计  /  配方

Objective To develop a pre-cooked seasoned chicken product and optimize its formulation.. Methods Using chicken and cod as the main ingredients with corn starch, salt, eggs, carrots, corn, green beans and horseshoes as the auxiliary ingredients, the formulation of the processing process of the prefabricated nutritious chicken cod and vegetable patties was optimized through one-way and response surface tests with sensory evaluation and cooking loss rate as the evaluation indexes. Results The order of influence of each single factor was: Cod meat addition>salt addition>starch addition, and the optimal formula was 0.86% salt addition, 5.14% corn starch addition, and 20.91% cod meat addition, and at this time, the flavor, tissue state, texture, and color of the precooked chicken cod and vegetable patties reached a better effect. Conclusion In this study, a nutritionally balanced product with unique flavor and better organoleptic quality of pre-prepared chicken cod and vegetable patties is developed, which provides a theoretical and experimental basis for the development of pre-prepared seasoned meat products.

chicken  /  cod  /  cooking loss rate  /  Box-Behnken design  /  formulation
封亚星, 王少锋, 李永新, 边丽贤, 赵士佳, 吴占鹏. 响应面法优化鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼配方研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 309 -316 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241213001
Ya-Xing FENG, Shao-Feng WANG, Yong-Xin LI, Li-Xian BIAN, Shi-Jia ZHAO, Zhan-Peng WU. Optimization of the formulation for chicken cod and vegetable patties by response surface analysis[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 309 -316 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241213001
鸡肉富含高蛋白、维生素和多种矿物质等成分, 其因热量、脂肪含量及胆固醇含量低而深受消费者喜爱[1]。其肉质鲜嫩, 易消化, 营养丰富, 有较优的滋补效果, 我国居民对鸡肉的需求量较高, 使其消费量日益增加[2]。鳕鱼含有大量蛋白质, 脂肪含量低, 肉甘味美, 价格低廉, 备受人们的青睐[3-4], 鳕鱼块常被用于油炸制品, 然而对鳕鱼肉、鸡肉混合产品的研究较少[5-7]。随着消费者对鸡肉和鳕鱼肉制品消费需求越来越高, 我国对鸡肉、鳕鱼肉的深加工产品也在逐渐增加。
随着时代的发展, 人们的生活节奏逐渐加快, 快餐的需求量得到快速的提升, 因此预调理食品逐渐进入大众的视野[8-9]。预调理肉制品是消费者在购买肉品前, 肉品已经过充分的腌制、烤制或炸制等步骤, 消费者购买后只需二次加热即可获得美味的成品[10-11]。由于预调理肉制品在加工过程中常出现汁液流失过多的现象, 在开发产品过程中, 需要从口感、蒸煮损失率等对其进行综合探究, 因此通过标准化方式生产口感好、保水性好的预调理肉制品受到广泛的关注[12]。此外, 随着生活水平的提高, 越来越多的消费者开始注重营养型饮食结构[13], 预调理肉饼产品因其营养性和方便性受到消费者的关注, 具有较广阔的消费市场潜力, 但是目前国内外将畜肉和水产品应用在预调理肉制品的研究较少。
根据2022版《中国居民膳食指南》, 建议消费者在饮食习惯中注意蔬果类、乳类、谷薯类、油脂类和肉类等均衡摄入[14], 因此均衡饮食逐渐被大众关注, 成为重要研究方向, 本研究开发一款预制营养鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼, 将鸡肉与鳕鱼肉混合, 并加入胡萝卜、玉米、马蹄和豌豆, 是一类包含人体所需多种营养素的产品, 其富含蛋白质、维生素、膳食纤维和矿物质等, 能够充分满足消费者对膳食均衡营养的需求; 此外随着生活节奏的加快, 本产品作为预调理肉品, 能够使消费者在同一时间摄入多类营养物质。本研究旨在为预制鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的开发提供理论基础, 对预制调理肉饼的深加工提供了新途径。
鸡胸肉(涞源久星食品有限公司); 冻鳕鱼(大连弘鑫食品有限公司); 大豆油(中储粮油脂天津有限公司); 盐、鸡蛋、胡萝卜、玉米粒、马蹄、豌豆(河北省石家庄市正定农贸市场); 玉米淀粉(玉峰实业集团有限公司); 平板计数琼脂培养基(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
HDJDG-28C电蒸箱(山东惠当家电器有限公司); S18-LA260绞肉机、LD150-A打蛋器(杭州九阳生活电器有限公司); SPX-50L培养箱(上海尚光仪器设备有限公司); HH-6水浴锅(博纳科技有限公司); DGL-35G高压灭菌锅(湖南立辰仪器科技有限公司); SW-CJ-2D超净工作台(苏州净化仪器公司); LE204E/02电子天平[精度0.01 g, 梅特勒-托利多(上海)仪器有限公司]。
蔬菜鸡肉饼的基本配方如表1所示。
原料预处理→斩拌→定型→蒸制→成品冷冻。
(1)原料肉处理。将新鲜鸡胸肉用水洗净, 剁碎备用。
(2)鳕鱼肉处理。将冷冻鳕鱼肉常温化冻, 剁碎备用。
(3)蔬菜处理。将胡萝卜、青豆、马蹄切成6~8 mm大小蔬菜丁, 备用。
(4)斩拌。将剁碎后的鸡胸肉、鳕鱼肉、盐放入绞肉机进行斩拌40 s至微起黏性; 向绞肉机中加入冰水, 高速斩拌20 s至表面无明显流动水分; 继续向绞肉机中加入大豆油、玉米淀粉、鸡蛋液, 高速斩拌30 s至馅料分布均匀; 最后向绞肉机中加入切碎的胡萝卜丁、豌豆丁、马蹄丁、玉米粒并低速斩拌10~15 s后出料。
(5)定型。取60 g调配后的肉馅加入到直径5 cm的圆形不锈钢材质的模具中, 将肉饼按压定型至直径5 cm, 厚度2 cm。
(6)蒸制。将肉饼放入蒸箱中进行蒸制, 97 ℃蒸10 min, 使产品中心温度达到75 ℃。
(7)冷冻。待蒸好的鸡肉饼冷却, 将其装入密封袋中, 置于-4 ℃保存备用。
本研究以感官评分和蒸煮损失率为评价指标, 对配方中的盐、玉米淀粉、大豆油、鱼肉和鸡蛋液的添加量进行单因素试验, 确定制作鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的适宜配方。
(1)盐添加量单因素试验
在肉饼初始配方固定的情况下, 以蒸制前肉糜重量100 g为基准, 添加量为1%, 玉米淀粉添加量为5%, 大豆油添加量为3%, 鳕鱼肉添加量为25%, 鸡蛋液添加量为8%, 分别加入0.2%、0.5%、0.8%、1.1%、1.4%的盐, 根据1.3.3制备肉饼。对肉饼进行感官评价并结合蒸煮损失率分析, 确定盐添加量的适宜范围。
(2)玉米淀粉添加量单因素试验
在肉饼初始配方固定的情况下, 以蒸制前肉糜重量100 g为基准, 盐添加量为1%, 大豆油添加量为3%, 鳕鱼肉添加量为25%, 鸡蛋液添加量为8%, 分别加入1%、3%、5%、7%、9%的玉米淀粉, 根据1.3.3制备肉饼。对肉饼进行感官评价并结合蒸煮损失率分析, 确定玉米淀粉添加量的适宜范围。
(3)大豆油添加量单因素试验
在肉饼初始配方固定的情况下, 以蒸制前肉糜重量100 g为基准, 盐添加量为1%, 玉米淀粉添加量为5%, 鳕鱼肉添加量为25%, 鸡蛋液添加量为8%, 分别加入0%、3%、6%、9%、12%的玉米淀粉, 根据1.3.3制备肉饼。对肉饼进行感官评价并结合蒸煮损失率分析, 确定大豆油添加量的适宜范围。
(4)鳕鱼肉添加量单因素试验
在肉饼初始配方固定的情况下, 以蒸制前肉糜重量100 g为基准, 盐添加量为1%, 玉米淀粉添加量为5%, 大豆油添加量为3%, 鸡蛋液添加量为8%, 分别加入15%、25%、35%、45%、55%的鳕鱼肉, 根据1.3.3制备肉饼。对肉饼进行感官评价并结合蒸煮损失率分析, 确定鳕鱼肉添加量的适宜范围。
(5)鸡蛋添加量单因素试验
在肉饼初始配方固定的情况下, 以蒸制前肉糜重量100 g为基准, 盐添加量为1%, 玉米淀粉添加量为5%, 大豆油添加量为3%, 鳕鱼肉添加量为25%, 分别加入0%、8%、16%、24%、32%的鸡蛋, 根据1.3.3制备肉饼。对肉饼进行感官评价并结合蒸煮损失率分析, 确定鸡蛋添加量的适宜范围。
经过单因素试验, 发现盐、玉米淀粉、鳕鱼肉添加量对鸡肉饼的口感及蒸煮损失率影响较大, 因此选取这3个因素为响应变量, 以感官评分为响应值, 按照Box-Behnken试验原理设计三因素三水平响应面试验, 以确定制作鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的适宜添加量。响应面设计因素与水平如表2所示。
鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼置于蒸锅中加热10 min至全熟, 选择具有食品感官评价经验的10位专业人员组成评分小组, 5男5女, 根据GB/T 22210—2008《肉与肉制品感官评定规范》的规定对鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的风味、组织状态、口感和色泽4个方面进行评价打分, 总分为100分, 评价标准见表3
不同处理组肉饼的蒸煮损失率是通过肉饼蒸制前后质量变化分析得出, 根据扶庆权等[15]的方法, 将鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼放入电锅中, 沸水蒸10 min后取出, 冷却后用滤纸擦掉产品表面水分, 按如下公式(1)计算。
$\text { 蒸煮损失率 } / \%=\frac{m_{1}-m_{2}}{m_{1}} \times 100 \%$
式中: m1为蒸煮前鸡肉饼的质量, g; m2为蒸煮后鸡肉饼的质量, g。
按照标准GB 4789.2—2022《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 菌落总数测定》、GB 4789.3—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 大肠菌群计数》、GB 4789.10—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 金黄色葡萄球菌检验》、GB 4789.4—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》测定鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼产品的微生物指标。
数据结果采用软件SPSS 26.0进行统计分析, 采用Duncan's多重比较进行显著性分析, 显著水平为P<0.05, 采用OriginPro 2021绘图。
图1为盐添加量对鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼感官评分的影响, 肉饼的感官评价随着盐添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当盐的添加量为0.8%时, 肉饼的感官评分最高, 此时肉饼咸淡适中, 口感细腻有弹性, 这可能是当盐量较低时, 肉饼口味清淡, 缺少鲜美感, 盐量无法遮盖住鳕鱼肉的腥味; 随着盐添加量的增加, 盐提高了鸡肉与鳕鱼肉的鲜味, 提升鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的口感, 但是盐量超过0.8%时, 咸味过重, 这将影响肉饼的风味。鸡肉饼的蒸煮损失率随着盐添加量的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势, 这可能由于盐能够增加鸡肉与鱼肉中可溶蛋白的溶解度, 提高蛋白质的水合作用, 提高鸡肉饼的保水率[16]。然而当盐的添加量超过0.8%时, 可能会导致可溶性蛋白变性, 使蛋白质的水合能力降低, 保水率下降[17-18]。王禹赫等[19]研究发现富含鱼骨钙低温鱼肉香肠的感官评分随着盐添加量的增加呈先上升后下降的趋势, 蒸煮损失率呈先下降后上升的趋势, 与本研究结果一致。故选取盐添加量0.5%、0.8%、1.1%作为响应面试验的3个水平。
图2为玉米淀粉添加量对鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼感官评分的影响, 随着玉米淀粉添加量的增加, 蔬菜鸡肉饼的感官评分呈先上升后下降的趋势, 这可能是因为当玉米淀粉添加量小于5%时, 鸡肉饼的口感较软, 弹性较差[20]; 适量的玉米淀粉能够使鸡肉饼质构紧密, 增加其咀嚼性与弹性[21]; 然而随着淀粉添加量的继续增加, 玉米淀粉可能会使肉饼的口感变粗糙, 硬度增加, 颜色变浅, 且过量的玉米淀粉会遮盖住鸡肉与鳕鱼肉的香气, 从而影响感官品质。肉饼的蒸煮损失率随玉米淀粉添加量的增加呈先下降后上升的趋势, 分析原因可能是由于玉米淀粉在肉饼中发生糊化作用后, 吸收水分形成凝胶结构[22], 并且在肉饼表面形成一层薄膜, 将肉饼中的水分束缚住, 此外, 随着温度的升高, 肉饼的蛋白质发生变性, 玉面淀粉吸水膨胀[23], 其能够填补肉饼蛋白中的缝隙, 因此截留水分子, 使得产品保水率增加, 蒸煮损失率降低[24]; 然而当玉米淀粉添加量大于5%时, 淀粉分子覆盖率超过限度, 使肉饼内部压力过大, 因此加剧水分的流失, 蒸煮损失率逐渐增大。李佳宸[25]研究发现玉米淀粉添加量超过9%时, 含藜麦麸皮的低脂香肠口感较差, 结构粗糙, 弹性变差, 与本研究结果趋势一致。故选取玉米淀粉添加量3%、5%、7%作为响应面试验的3个水平。
图3为大豆油添加量对疏菜鸡肉饼感官评分的影响, 随着大豆油添加量的增加, 鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼的感官评分呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当油添加量为6%时, 此时肉饼的口感较优, 结构紧密, 具有弹性。当油添加量较少时, 制成的肉饼嫩度、弹性较差, 口感粗糙; 随着大豆油添加量的持续增加, 肉饼口感会变油腻, 缺少脆度, 质构较软。随着油添加量的增加, 肉饼的蒸煮损失率呈先下降后上升的趋势, 这可能是因为随着油脂添加量的增加, 肉饼能够逐渐形成较好的凝胶结构, 能够提高保水性, 然而当油脂超过6%时, 会破坏肉饼组织间的平衡[26], 使其稳定性变差, 因此保水性下降, 闫婧[2]研究结果发现随着大豆油添加量的增加, 马铃薯全粉鸡肉丸稳定性变差, 口感变差, 蒸煮损失率增加, 与本研究结果趋势一致。
图4为鳕鱼肉添加量对鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼感官评分的影响, 随着鳕鱼肉添加量的增加, 肉饼的感官评分呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当鳕鱼肉含量为25%时, 肉饼的滋味与口感达到较好效果, 具有较优的弹性与韧性。当鳕鱼肉添加量小于25%时, 鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼风味较为单一, 鳕鱼肉添加量超过25%时会使肉饼的颜色偏浅且鱼味过重、发腥, 遮盖住鸡肉与蔬菜的香味。肉饼的蒸煮损失率随着鳕鱼肉的增加呈先减小后增大的趋势, 这可能是因为鳕鱼肉增加了肉饼中的固体质量, 因此在蒸煮过程中, 降低了肉饼水分的流失, 此外, 鳕鱼肉中含有胶原蛋白, 可提升肉饼的保水性[27-28]。继续增加鳕鱼肉含量, 由于鳕鱼肉水分含量较高, 鸡肉饼水分含量增加, 产品质地变稀, 保水性降低, 蒸煮损失率逐渐增加。因此选取鳕鱼肉添加量15%、25%、35%作为响应面试验的3个水平。
图5为鸡蛋添加量对疏菜鸡肉饼感官评分的影响。随着鸡蛋添加量的增加, 鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼的感官评分呈先上升后下降的趋势, 当鸡蛋含量为16%时, 肉饼的滋味与口感达到较好效果, 此时肉饼口感细腻, 外形较优。然而当鸡蛋添加量大于16%时, 肉饼质地过稀, 质构松散, 外形较差, 蛋腥味较重, 因此感官评分下降。肉饼的蒸煮损失率随鸡蛋添加量的增加而下降, 这可能是因为蛋液蛋白质浓度增加, 参与形成较强的凝胶网络结构, 其截留水的能力提高[29], 因此蒸煮损失率降低; 然而随着鸡蛋添加量的不断增大, 蛋清占比增加, 肉饼蛋白凝胶强度减弱, 使鸡肉饼保水性降低, 蒸煮损失率增加[30]。李俊等[31]研究发现鸡蛋添加量超过6%时, 马铃薯素食肠口感风味变差, 与本研究结果趋势一致。
根据单因素实验结果, 选取盐添加量、玉米淀粉添加量和鳕鱼肉添加量3个因素作为自变量, 根据Box-Behnken试验设计原理, 进行三因素三水平的响应面试验, 响应面试验结果见表4
通过对表4进行多元回归拟合分析, 得出肉饼感官评分与因素变量之间的二次回归方程为Y=82.72+ 4.70A+1.91B-5.26C-0.025AB-2.23AC-1.15BC-9.86A2-8.04B2-9.98C2表5为该模型的方差分析与显著性检验, 表6为模型的可信度分析结果, 二次多项式回归模型P<0.0001, 决定系数R2=0.9862, 修正相关系数R2Adj=0.9684, 信噪比为19.613, 说明该回归模型极显著, 拟合程度高, 误差小, 可用该方程代替试验真实点对鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼配方工艺结果进行分析和预测。F越大, 表明该因素对感官评分的影响越显著, 3个因素影响程度由大到小顺序为鳕鱼肉添加量(C)>盐添加量(A)>淀粉添加量(B)。一次项AC对结果影响极显著(P<0.01), 一次项B对结果影响显著(P<0.05), 交互项AC对结果影响显著(P<0.05), 二次项A2B2C2对结果影响极显著(P<0.01)。
采用Design Expert 13软件绘制各因素对鸡肉饼感官评分的响应面分析图及等高线图见图6。等高线图与响应面图能够展示各种因素与响应值之间的关系, 以及这些因素之间的相互作用, 等高线呈圆形表示两因素的交互作用对响应值的影响不显著, 等高线呈椭圆形表示两因素交互作用对响应值的影响显著[32]。由图6可知, AC组等高线中心图形呈椭圆形, 说明其组合的交互作用对鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼感官评分的影响显著(P<0.05), 这与方差分析结果一致。随着盐添加量、鳕鱼肉添加量的增加, 肉饼感官评分呈现先增大后减小的趋势, 这也与单因素试验结果相对应。
经过Design Expert 8.0.6分析, 得到鸡肉饼适宜配方比例为: 盐添加量0.86%, 玉米淀粉添加量5.14%, 鳕鱼肉添加量20.91%, 感官评分预测值为84.0639分。根据该试验结果进行验证试验, 最终结果为(83.63±0.65)分, 与模型预测值近似, 表明该配方比例可以用于鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的生产。
鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼的微生物指标检测结果如表7所示, 检测发现肉饼的菌落总数、大肠杆菌、金黄色葡萄球菌和沙门氏菌的检测结果符合GB 19295—2021《食品安全国家标准 速冻面米与调制食品》要求, 产品微生物指标均符合国家标准。
对鸡肉鳕鱼疏菜饼工艺配方及蒸煮损失率进行研究, 经单因素试验发现盐添加量、玉米淀粉添加量、大豆油添加量、鳕鱼肉添加量、鸡蛋添加量对肉饼感官评分及蒸煮损失率影响显著(P<0.05)。在单因素基础上, 以盐添加量、玉米淀粉添加量、鳕鱼肉添加量为自变量因素, 通过响应面法优化确定鸡肉鳕鱼蔬菜饼的较优配方为: 盐添加量0.86%, 玉米淀粉添加量5.14%, 鳕鱼肉添加量20.91%, 在此工艺参数下, 肉饼的感官评分最高, 口感更适合大众需求。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241213001
  • 接收时间:2024-12-13
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-13
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    石家庄市惠康食品有限公司, 石家庄 050800

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* 封亚星(1998—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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