Article(id=1153433641502892177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733932800000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929609895, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929609895, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929609895, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929609895, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=298, endPage=308, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433642438221999, articleId=1153433641502892177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Identification of characteristic components and authenticity evaluation of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish an efficient method for assessing the authenticity of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. Methods High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant compounds present in Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. The authenticity of commercially available Citrus reticulata Blanco honey was evaluated by integrating characteristic components with HPLC fingerprints. Results A total of 6 kinds of components were identified in Citrus reticulata Blanco honey, namely caffeine, cis,trans-abscisic acid, 5-methoxybrevosin, pinocembrin, kaempferol and chrysin. Caffeine exhibited a relatively high concentration, with an average content of 9.45 mg/kg. Thus, it was regarded as a characteristic component of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. The authenticity assessment of 6 kinds of Citrus reticulata Blanco honeys available on the market revealed that 4 brands exhibited superior quality, one brand might be adulterated with other components, and one brand could potentially be counterfeit Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. Conclusion This study presents a novel methodology that synergistically combines characteristic component profiling with HPLC-fingerprinting technology for authenticity assessment of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. This study provides a theoretical foundation for grading Citrus reticulata Blanco honey and enhancing its added value.

, correspAuthors=Hong-Cheng ZHANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Yue WANG, Yi-Nan DU, Yun-Cai LU, Hong-Cheng ZHANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433687212417765, articleId=1153433641502892177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=柑橘蜜中特征性成分鉴定及真实性评价, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种有效的评价柑橘蜂蜜真实性的方法。方法 本研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)对柑橘蜜中的植物化合物进行定性和定量分析, 通过将特征性成分和HPLC指纹图谱结合, 对市售的柑橘蜜真实性进行评价。结果 在柑橘蜜中鉴定出6个成分, 包括咖啡因、顺,反脱落酸、5-甲氧基短叶松素、松属素、山奈酚以及柯因, 其中咖啡因的含量较高, 平均含量为9.45 mg/kg, 因此, 将咖啡因作为柑橘蜜的特征性成分。对市售的6个柑橘蜜进行真实性评价, 其中有4个品牌的柑橘蜜品质卓越, 一个品牌的柑橘蜜中可能掺杂了其他成分, 一个品牌的柑橘蜜可能不是真正的柑橘蜜。结论 该研究提出了一种通过特征性成分与HPLC指纹图谱相结合的方法, 用于评价柑橘蜜的真实性, 为柑橘蜜分等分级、提高附加值提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=张红城, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张红城(1967—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质、食品生物技术。E-mail:
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汪玥(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物分析。E-mail:

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汪玥(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物分析。E-mail:

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DOI: 10.1186/s13065-018-0431-4, articleTitle=New fluorescence spectroscopic method for the simultaneous determination of alkaloids in aqueous extract of green coffee beans, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175087096940348084, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=27, issue=16, pageStart=5126, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[26], rfOrder=40, authorNames=ALI A, ZAHID HF, COTTRELL JJ, journalName=Molecules, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ALI A, ZAHID HF, COTTRELL JJ, et al. A comparative study for nutritional and phytochemical profiling of Coffea arabica (C. arabica) from different origins and their antioxidant potential and molecular docking[J]. Molecules, 2022, 27(16): 5126., articleTitle=A comparative study for nutritional and phytochemical profiling of Coffea arabica (C. arabica) from different origins and their antioxidant potential and molecular docking, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175087097003262645, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=132, issue=null, pageStart=108543, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[27], rfOrder=41, authorNames=BAEK GH, YANG SW, YUN CI, journalName=Food Control, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BAEK GH, YANG SW, YUN CI, et al. Determination of methylxanthine contents and risk characterisation for various types of tea in Korea[J]. Food Control, 2022, 132: 108543., articleTitle=Determination of methylxanthine contents and risk characterisation for various types of tea in Korea, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175087097066177206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=80, issue=null, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[28], rfOrder=42, authorNames=BARCELOS RP, LIMA FD, CARVALHO NR, journalName=Nutrition Research, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BARCELOS RP, LIMA FD, CARVALHO NR, et al. Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance[J]. Nutrition Research, 2020, 80: 1-17., articleTitle=Caffeine effects on systemic metabolism, oxidative-inflammatory pathways, and exercise performance, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175087097129091767, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=11, issue=8, pageStart=516, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=43, authorNames=LU YH, WU CP, TANG CK, journalName=Insects, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LU YH, WU CP, TANG CK, et al. Identification of immune regulatory genes in Apis mellifera through caffeine treatment[J]. Insects, 2020, 11(8): 516., articleTitle=Identification of immune regulatory genes in Apis mellifera through caffeine treatment, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1175087097183617720, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=11, issue=3, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=44, authorNames=MOTTA EVS, ARNOTT RLW, MORAN NA, journalName=Microbiology Spectrum, refType=null, unstructuredReference=MOTTA EVS, ARNOTT RLW, MORAN NA. Caffeine consumption helps honey bees fight a bacterial pathogen[J]. Microbiology Spectrum, 2023, 11(3): e00520-e00523., articleTitle=Caffeine consumption helps honey bees fight a bacterial pathogen, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1175087094125970059, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, awardId=CAAS-ASTIP-2015IAR, language=CN, fundingSource=中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2015IAR), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1175087090254627398, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175087090263016007, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, companyId=1175087090254627398, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175087090271404616, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, companyId=1175087090254627398, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 哈尔滨 150080)]), AuthorCompany(id=1175087090342707785, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175087090346902090, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, companyId=1175087090342707785, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1175087090355290699, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, companyId=1175087090342707785, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所, 北京 100093)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1175087091848462953, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Spore map of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey pollen, figureFileSmall=zadnyGldfsfs3gKO5aGVfw==, figureFileBig=FeCemUI50PIqnex50zFw1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087091986874986, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图1, caption=柑橘蜜花粉孢子图

注: A. 本研究柑橘蜜样品中植物花粉光学显微镜图片; B和C. GB/T 23194—2008附录A中柑橘蜜植物花粉形态的图片。

, figureFileSmall=zadnyGldfsfs3gKO5aGVfw==, figureFileBig=FeCemUI50PIqnex50zFw1A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092049789547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC chromatogram of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey sample, figureFileSmall=1gSWSdsmdHSH60LbriDx8g==, figureFileBig=n2WpduTVRtRL4yn+80ihew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092104315500, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图2, caption=柑橘蜜样品的HPLC图谱

注: 1. 咖啡因; 2. 顺,反脱落酸; 3. 5-甲氧基短叶松素; 4. 山奈酚; 5. 松属素; 6. 柯因, 图13~15同。

, figureFileSmall=1gSWSdsmdHSH60LbriDx8g==, figureFileBig=n2WpduTVRtRL4yn+80ihew==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092175618669, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Mass spectra of compound 1 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=6I8LNTR37KcNweyFhQ/DwQ==, figureFileBig=D3fTReHNYOwo2O6KaiKuIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092238533230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图3, caption=化合物1进行质谱分析时所产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物1在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及咖啡因的结构式; b. 化合物1在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的二级质谱图; c. 化合物1在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生一级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=6I8LNTR37KcNweyFhQ/DwQ==, figureFileBig=D3fTReHNYOwo2O6KaiKuIg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092293059183, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Cleavage pathway of compound 1 in HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+) cationic mode, figureFileSmall=PS8+sB02Cwfmg8oxzgu1Nw==, figureFileBig=w9/6HPZvjr5wB4yDHTlZsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092351779440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图4, caption=化合物1在HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+)正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=PS8+sB02Cwfmg8oxzgu1Nw==, figureFileBig=w9/6HPZvjr5wB4yDHTlZsQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092410499697, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Mass spectra of compound 2 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=PRNHfQdLwzGmkf5D47Sjpw==, figureFileBig=r9auHQ14N35lJ87r/zpSwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092477608562, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图5, caption=化合物2进行质谱分析时所产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物2在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及顺,反脱落酸的结构式; b. 化合物2在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图; c. 化合物2在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生二级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=PRNHfQdLwzGmkf5D47Sjpw==, figureFileBig=r9auHQ14N35lJ87r/zpSwg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092544717427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Mass spectra of compound 3 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=+1NGSXZllJt3QvrrcU639Q==, figureFileBig=OYDPKBHj2SNU5oEHVRw1PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092607631988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图6, caption=化合物3进行质谱分析时产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物3在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及5-甲氧基短叶松素的结构式; b. 化合物3在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图; c. 化合物3在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生二级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=+1NGSXZllJt3QvrrcU639Q==, figureFileBig=OYDPKBHj2SNU5oEHVRw1PQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092662157941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Cleavage pathway of compound 3 in HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+) cationic mode, figureFileSmall=Dpc3IFy+3ZFqWoW0DFbE+w==, figureFileBig=00VAFTSzocJ9m2iAP0+RKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092712489590, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图7, caption=化合物3在HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+)正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=Dpc3IFy+3ZFqWoW0DFbE+w==, figureFileBig=00VAFTSzocJ9m2iAP0+RKA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092775404151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Mass spectra of compound 4 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=Cc9LE9gaP/JwFgiccnAmVw==, figureFileBig=U9OWskBIYUD4L3vLGMJDlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092838318712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图8, caption=化合物4进行质谱分析时所产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物4在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及山奈酚的结构式; b. 化合物4在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=Cc9LE9gaP/JwFgiccnAmVw==, figureFileBig=U9OWskBIYUD4L3vLGMJDlw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092901233273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Mass spectra of compound 5 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=waPecpplreDPjRmsGYHAPw==, figureFileBig=jkoOS7Mp62pHn5ky/JEBag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087092964147834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图9, caption=化合物5进行质谱分析时所产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物5在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及松属素的结构式; b. 化合物5在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生二级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=waPecpplreDPjRmsGYHAPw==, figureFileBig=jkoOS7Mp62pHn5ky/JEBag==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093022868091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Cleavage pathway of compound 5 in HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+) cationic mode, figureFileSmall=Sx60NoKW++K27xVD3+MzMg==, figureFileBig=i6LhO4ZB8D4qotD0fGQiug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093077394044, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图10, caption=化合物5在HPLC-MS/MS(ESI+)正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=Sx60NoKW++K27xVD3+MzMg==, figureFileBig=i6LhO4ZB8D4qotD0fGQiug==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093136114301, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.11, caption=Mass spectra of compound 6 for mass spectrometry, figureFileSmall=Ss2fqpWqAn5ODl1Q7NVQQA==, figureFileBig=4peFcDLnIB4WZag+WaUVaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093194834558, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图11, caption=化合物6进行质谱分析时所产生的质谱图

注: a. 化合物6在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图及柯因的结构式; b. 化合物6在负离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的一级质谱图; c. 化合物6在正离子模式进行质谱分析时所产生的二级质谱图。

, figureFileSmall=Ss2fqpWqAn5ODl1Q7NVQQA==, figureFileBig=4peFcDLnIB4WZag+WaUVaA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093253554815, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.12, caption=Cleavage pathway of compound 6 in HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+) cationic mode, figureFileSmall=OL18Le4CKcD6IXqEzw818g==, figureFileBig=cBijcEQUSypecPK1cvLRsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093312275072, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图12, caption=化合物6在HPLC-MS/MS (ESI+)正离子模式下的裂解途径, figureFileSmall=OL18Le4CKcD6IXqEzw818g==, figureFileBig=cBijcEQUSypecPK1cvLRsA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093379383937, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.13, caption=Standard fingerprint of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey, figureFileSmall=UUXoNDs9Dt5adYoWmmCQDw==, figureFileBig=8O8qknSQKcYnB5jXhX6Kgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093438104194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图13, caption=柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱

注: R. 标准指纹图谱, 图14同。

, figureFileSmall=UUXoNDs9Dt5adYoWmmCQDw==, figureFileBig=8O8qknSQKcYnB5jXhX6Kgw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093517795971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.14, caption=Fingerprint of Citrus reticulata Blanco raw honey sample, figureFileSmall=VNGmY3Vuz2a9rLKB+iXO0w==, figureFileBig=ThvFbknBRzdrQICR6xg5ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093584904836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图14, caption=柑橘原料蜜样品的指纹图谱, figureFileSmall=VNGmY3Vuz2a9rLKB+iXO0w==, figureFileBig=ThvFbknBRzdrQICR6xg5ZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093647819397, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Fig.15, caption=HPLC chromatogram of Citrus reticulata Blanco commercial honey, figureFileSmall=46H5/Sg9JpYZgIsN8SJX2A==, figureFileBig=hZ825Q7B3K2OOH5u+oCMkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093710733958, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=图15, caption=柑橘商品蜜HPLC色图谱, figureFileSmall=46H5/Sg9JpYZgIsN8SJX2A==, figureFileBig=hZ825Q7B3K2OOH5u+oCMkg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1175087093765259911, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Compounds content in Citrus reticulata Blanco raw honey (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 咖啡因 顺,反脱落酸 5-甲氧基短叶松素 山奈酚 松属素 柯因
S1 12.43±0.15 0.83±0.15 0.47±0.18 0.11±0.10 0.11±0.22 0.54±0.12
S2 9.72±0.18 0.66±0.10 0.63±0.25 0.16±0.10 0.18±0.10 0.69±0.12
S3 4.40±0.10 0.12±0.18 0.38±0.15 0.07±0.10 0.21±0.12 0.36±0.18
S4 5.77±0.18 0.13±0.25 0.36±0.10 0.04±0.15 0.08±0.12 0.37±0.15
S5 16.72±0.25 0.43±0.15 1.21±0.22 0.26±0.25 0.11±0.18 0.56±0.18
S6 11.52±0.05 1.26±0.18 0.51±0.15 0.17±0.12 0.13±0.18 0.55±0.13
S7 5.86±0.15 0.58±0.18 0.55±0.18 0.13±0.18 0.27±0.18 0.56±0.18
S8 12.57±0.22 0.25±0.18 1.02±0.10 0.32±0.15 0.31±0.12 0.68±0.10
S9 12.12±0.15 0.33±0.10 0.89±0.25 0.08±0.13 0.10±0.18 0.56±0.10
S10 8.86±0.22 1.58±0.22 0.48±0.15 0.22±0.15 0.32±0.13 0.52±0.25
S11 9.15±0.12 0.27±0.21 0.51±0.05 0.12±0.03 0.09±0.12 0.41±0.11
S12 5.26±0.33 0.35±0.13 0.72±0.12 0.15±0.05 0.11±0.03 0.52±0.22
S13 6.85±0.22 1.01±0.15 0.41±0.09 0.14±0.05 0.15±0.10 0.38±0.15
S14 10.56±0.18 1.33±0.21 0.39±0.15 0.16±0.07 0.22±0.02 0.45±0.11
S15 9.89±0.09 0.61±0.13 0.56±0.12 0.21±0.11 0.17±0.05 0.59±0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1175087093832368776, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

柑橘原料蜜中的化合物含量(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 咖啡因 顺,反脱落酸 5-甲氧基短叶松素 山奈酚 松属素 柯因
S1 12.43±0.15 0.83±0.15 0.47±0.18 0.11±0.10 0.11±0.22 0.54±0.12
S2 9.72±0.18 0.66±0.10 0.63±0.25 0.16±0.10 0.18±0.10 0.69±0.12
S3 4.40±0.10 0.12±0.18 0.38±0.15 0.07±0.10 0.21±0.12 0.36±0.18
S4 5.77±0.18 0.13±0.25 0.36±0.10 0.04±0.15 0.08±0.12 0.37±0.15
S5 16.72±0.25 0.43±0.15 1.21±0.22 0.26±0.25 0.11±0.18 0.56±0.18
S6 11.52±0.05 1.26±0.18 0.51±0.15 0.17±0.12 0.13±0.18 0.55±0.13
S7 5.86±0.15 0.58±0.18 0.55±0.18 0.13±0.18 0.27±0.18 0.56±0.18
S8 12.57±0.22 0.25±0.18 1.02±0.10 0.32±0.15 0.31±0.12 0.68±0.10
S9 12.12±0.15 0.33±0.10 0.89±0.25 0.08±0.13 0.10±0.18 0.56±0.10
S10 8.86±0.22 1.58±0.22 0.48±0.15 0.22±0.15 0.32±0.13 0.52±0.25
S11 9.15±0.12 0.27±0.21 0.51±0.05 0.12±0.03 0.09±0.12 0.41±0.11
S12 5.26±0.33 0.35±0.13 0.72±0.12 0.15±0.05 0.11±0.03 0.52±0.22
S13 6.85±0.22 1.01±0.15 0.41±0.09 0.14±0.05 0.15±0.10 0.38±0.15
S14 10.56±0.18 1.33±0.21 0.39±0.15 0.16±0.07 0.22±0.02 0.45±0.11
S15 9.89±0.09 0.61±0.13 0.56±0.12 0.21±0.11 0.17±0.05 0.59±0.15
), ArticleFig(id=1175087093920449161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Compounds content in Citrus reticulata Blanco commercial honey (mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 A B C D E F
咖啡因 10.29±0.12 12.61±0.08 9.72±0.22 10.98±0.21 1.95±0.11 0
顺,反脱落酸 0.65±0.15 0.32±0.13 0.06±0.12 0.19±0.22 1.42±0.13 1.57±0.25
5-甲氧基短叶松素 0.48±0.10 0.48±0.15 0.73±0.15 0.94±0.18 0.46±0.21 0
山奈酚 0.03±0.07 0.08±0.22 0.14±0.08 0.05±0.15 0.06±0.15 0.07±0.12
松属素 0.20±0.18 0.33±0.08 0.31±0.21 0.34±0.13 0.27±0.10 0.25±0.18
柯因 1.18±0.13 1.70±0.18 1.02±0.15 1.24±0.24 0.52±0.15 0.57±0.13
), ArticleFig(id=1175087093995946634, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641502892177, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

柑橘商品蜜中化合物含量(mg/kg)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 A B C D E F
咖啡因 10.29±0.12 12.61±0.08 9.72±0.22 10.98±0.21 1.95±0.11 0
顺,反脱落酸 0.65±0.15 0.32±0.13 0.06±0.12 0.19±0.22 1.42±0.13 1.57±0.25
5-甲氧基短叶松素 0.48±0.10 0.48±0.15 0.73±0.15 0.94±0.18 0.46±0.21 0
山奈酚 0.03±0.07 0.08±0.22 0.14±0.08 0.05±0.15 0.06±0.15 0.07±0.12
松属素 0.20±0.18 0.33±0.08 0.31±0.21 0.34±0.13 0.27±0.10 0.25±0.18
柯因 1.18±0.13 1.70±0.18 1.02±0.15 1.24±0.24 0.52±0.15 0.57±0.13
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柑橘蜜中特征性成分鉴定及真实性评价
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汪玥 1, 2 , 杜一男 2 , 路运才 1 , 张红城 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(6): 298-308
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(6): 298-308
柑橘蜜中特征性成分鉴定及真实性评价
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汪玥1, 2 , 杜一男2, 路运才1, 张红城2, *
作者信息
  • 1.黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 哈尔滨 150080
  • 2.中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所, 北京 100093
  • 汪玥(2001—), 女, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为天然产物分析。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张红城(1967—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质、食品生物技术。E-mail:
Identification of characteristic components and authenticity evaluation of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey
Yue WANG1, 2 , Yi-Nan DU2, Yun-Cai LU1, Hong-Cheng ZHANG2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Advanced Agriculture and Ecological Environment, Heilongjiang University, Harbin 150080, China
  • 2. Institute of Apicultural Research, Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Beijing 100093, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212001
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目的 建立一种有效的评价柑橘蜂蜜真实性的方法。方法 本研究采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)对柑橘蜜中的植物化合物进行定性和定量分析, 通过将特征性成分和HPLC指纹图谱结合, 对市售的柑橘蜜真实性进行评价。结果 在柑橘蜜中鉴定出6个成分, 包括咖啡因、顺,反脱落酸、5-甲氧基短叶松素、松属素、山奈酚以及柯因, 其中咖啡因的含量较高, 平均含量为9.45 mg/kg, 因此, 将咖啡因作为柑橘蜜的特征性成分。对市售的6个柑橘蜜进行真实性评价, 其中有4个品牌的柑橘蜜品质卓越, 一个品牌的柑橘蜜中可能掺杂了其他成分, 一个品牌的柑橘蜜可能不是真正的柑橘蜜。结论 该研究提出了一种通过特征性成分与HPLC指纹图谱相结合的方法, 用于评价柑橘蜜的真实性, 为柑橘蜜分等分级、提高附加值提供理论依据。

柑橘蜜  /  特征性成分  /  指纹图谱

Objective To establish an efficient method for assessing the authenticity of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. Methods High performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (HPLC-MS/MS) was utilized for the qualitative and quantitative analysis of plant compounds present in Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. The authenticity of commercially available Citrus reticulata Blanco honey was evaluated by integrating characteristic components with HPLC fingerprints. Results A total of 6 kinds of components were identified in Citrus reticulata Blanco honey, namely caffeine, cis,trans-abscisic acid, 5-methoxybrevosin, pinocembrin, kaempferol and chrysin. Caffeine exhibited a relatively high concentration, with an average content of 9.45 mg/kg. Thus, it was regarded as a characteristic component of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. The authenticity assessment of 6 kinds of Citrus reticulata Blanco honeys available on the market revealed that 4 brands exhibited superior quality, one brand might be adulterated with other components, and one brand could potentially be counterfeit Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. Conclusion This study presents a novel methodology that synergistically combines characteristic component profiling with HPLC-fingerprinting technology for authenticity assessment of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey. This study provides a theoretical foundation for grading Citrus reticulata Blanco honey and enhancing its added value.

Citrus reticulata Blanco honey  /  characteristic components  /  fingerprint
汪玥, 杜一男, 路运才, 张红城. 柑橘蜜中特征性成分鉴定及真实性评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 298 -308 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212001
Yue WANG, Yi-Nan DU, Yun-Cai LU, Hong-Cheng ZHANG. Identification of characteristic components and authenticity evaluation of Citrus reticulata Blanco honey[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 298 -308 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212001
蜂蜜是指蜜蜂采集植物花蜜或植物活体分泌物或在植物活体上吮吸蜜源的昆虫的排泄物等生产的天然甜味物质, 经蜜蜂采集、与其自身分泌的特殊物质结合转化、沉积、脱水、贮藏并留存于蜂巢中直至成熟[1]。蜂蜜成分复杂, 除主要成分糖类外, 蜂蜜还含有少量蛋白质、有机酸、维生素、矿物质和一些植物化合物, 如黄酮、酚酸、萜类、生物碱等[2]。蜂蜜中含有的植物化合物在成分组成和含量上均具有明显的差异性, 这种差异性主要受到蜂蜜的种类、蜜源植物生长的地理条件(如气候、光照、土壤)等影响[3]。蜂蜜中的这些成分赋予了蜂蜜多种功能活性[4], 如抗氧化、抗炎、抗菌、调节胃肠道、促进伤口愈合等[5-6]。但蜂蜜是目前市场上掺假率最高的食品之一[7-8], 单花蜜常常面临掺假的风险, 为了鉴别其真实性和纯度, 需要采用恰当的生物学手段[9]。多酚化合物的含量与蜂蜜植物源之间存在着明显的相关性[10-11], 因此科研人员对各种多酚化合物作为蜂蜜植物来源的特征性标记物展开了相关研究[12]。例如, 石南花蜜中发现的主要类黄酮有杨梅素、杨梅素3-甲基醚、杨梅素3’-甲基醚和三头曲素, 它们被认为是石南花蜜植物来源的标记物[13]。红花蜂蜜中含有高浓度的丁香醛、核黄素、光黄素和光色素。因此, 这4种化合物也被看作是红花蜂蜜的植物标志物[14]
柑橘蜜是一种优质的单花蜜, 是长江以南地区的特色蜂蜜之一, 色泽通常为浅琥珀色, 香气浓郁, 口感甘甜[15], 深受消费者喜爱。其蜜源植物是芸香科柑橘属植物柑橘。柑橘蜜含有丰富的天然营养成分, 具有多种生物活性, 如调节胃肠道功能、促进伤口愈合等健康益处。近年来, 已有国内外学者对不同产地的柑橘蜜展开了研究。王方莉等[16]采用固相微萃取-气相色谱-质谱法, 对4种柑橘蜜中醇、烃、酮、醛、酯等挥发性成分进行定性与半定量分析, 发现柠檬烯、反式和顺式氧化芳樟醇和柠檬醛是其特征性成分。TRUCHADO等[17]采用液相色谱-质谱技术对柑橘蜜进行了采集和分析后, 发现其含有橙皮苷、山奈酚-3-O-己糖(1→2)己糖苷等成分。
目前, 埃及、西班牙、意大利等国的柑橘蜜已有相关研究, 中国的柑橘蜜研究相对较少, 但是我国作为一个柑橘种植大国, 有种类繁多品质各异的柑橘蜂蜜, 因此, 迫切需要建立一套实用、高效的鉴别柑橘蜂蜜真实性的方法。柑橘蜜成分复杂, 主要包括葡萄糖、果糖、蔗糖、蛋白质、氨基酸、有机酸、维生素、矿物质等初级代谢产物, 而本研究主要聚焦柑橘蜜的植物次级代谢产物, 包括黄酮、酚酸、萜烯、生物碱等, 运用高效液相色谱法(high performance liquid chromatography)、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法(high performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, HPLC-MS/MS)等方法挖掘柑橘蜜的特征性成分, 对其进行仪器分析并绘制柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱, 此外还对市面上销售的柑橘蜜进行真实性评价, 以期为柑橘蜜的品质控制和标准制定提供理论基础。
21个柑橘蜜样品(15个原料蜜样品采自于湖南、浙江、福建, 6个柑橘商品蜜购自京东平台和线下超市)。
氨水(分析级, 北京奥维森科技有限公司); 甲醇(色谱纯)、乙酸(色谱纯)、乙酸(质谱纯)(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 咖啡因、顺,反脱落酸、山奈酚、松属素、柯因(纯度≥95%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 5-甲氧基短叶松素(实验室制备)。
AL104电子分析天平(精度0.01 g, 美国Sartorrius公司); SevenEasyS20型pH计(瑞士Mettler公司); ThermoSorvall台式离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Strata™-X-A 33 µm Polymeric Strong Anion SPE固相萃取柱、Phenomenex Gemini® C18 110 Å色谱柱(150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 µm)(美国Phenomenex公司); Milli-Q IQ7000默克超纯水系统、0.22 μm微孔滤膜(德国Merk Milipore公司); SB-80DTD全自动超声波清洗装置(昆山超声仪器有限公司); LC-6AD型岛津高效液相色谱仪(日本Shimedzu公司); 安捷伦6500型Q-TOF液相质谱联用仪(美国Agilent公司); DN-24W氮吹仪(上海达洛科学仪器有限公司)。
参照GB/T 23194—2008《蜂蜜中植物花粉的测定方法》, 在光学显微镜下观察并统计观察结果, 每个样品随机选择20个视野进行统计, 花源植物花粉孢子占比高于45%时可以判定该蜂蜜为单花蜂蜜。
参考本课题组乔江涛[18]的研究方法。
流动相A: 超纯水, 含2%乙酸; 流动相B: 甲醇, 含2%乙酸; 色谱柱: Phenomenex Gemini C18 (150 mm×4.6 mm, 3 µm); 柱温箱温度: 35 ℃; 检测波长: 270 nm; 样品进样量: 20 µL; 总流速: 0.7 mL/min; 柑橘蜜的梯度洗脱程序为: 0~11 min, 9%~14% B; 11~17 min, 14%~15% B; 17~24 min, 15%~16% B; 24~28 min, 16%~17% B; 28~30 min, 17%~22% B; 30~38 min, 22%~25% B; 38~41 min, 25%~30% B; 41~55 min, 30%~33%B; 55~60 min, 33%~34% B; 60~70 min, 34%~36% B; 70~80 min, 36%~40% B; 80~90 min, 40%~45% B; 90~100 min, 45%~52% B; 100~110 min, 52%~57% B; 110~120 min, 57%~65% B; 120~130 min, 65%~70% B; 130~135 min, 70%~80% B。
离子源为电喷雾离子源(electron spray ionization, ESI), 离子源喷射电压为4 kV, 出口电压130 V, 加热温度350 ℃, 氮气流速11 L/min, 碰撞气体为氦气, 雾化气流速为80 kPa, 雾化器的压力40 psi (1 psi= 6895 Pa), 质量扫描范围m/z为100~900。
分别称取一定质量的咖啡因、顺,反脱落酸、5-甲氧基短叶松素、松属素、山奈酚、柯因。将其制成10 mL标准贮备液, 采用5、10、15、20、25 μL的上样量梯度进样, 标准品的上样量作为横坐标(X, ng), 峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 构建标准曲线。
以柑橘蜜原料蜜为研究对象得到HPLC色谱图, 结合中药指纹图谱相似性评价系统(2004 A)进行相似度评估, 对15个样品的色谱峰进行多点校正, 以获得柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱。
品质较好的柑橘蜜应同时满足以下两个指标: (1)柑橘蜜的HPLC色谱图应与标准指纹图谱吻合良好, 无明显的异常峰。这是鉴别柑橘蜜真实性的先决条件, 若出现了异常较大的色谱峰, 则推测该样品存在真实性问题; (2)柑橘蜜中特征性成分含量应不显著低于原料蜜样品中特征性成分含量范围下限。
采用SPSS 26.0软件对所得数据进行平均值和标准偏差分析, Mass Hunter 10.0对质谱数据进行质谱分析, Chem Bio Draw Ultra10.4对化合物进行结构式绘制, 采用中药指纹图谱相似性评价系统(2004 A)构建柑橘蜂蜜的指纹图谱, 并对其进行相似性分析。每个实验重复3次。
蜜蜂采集花蜜过程会将蜜源植物的花粉与花蜜一起带入蜂蜜中, 因此蜂蜜孢粉学分析方法可以实现单花种蜂蜜蜜源植物的溯源鉴别。本研究采用光学显微镜方法, 对柑橘蜜的花粉孢子进行鉴别分析, 如图1所示。
柑橘蜜的HPLC分析结果如图2所示。根据化合物的的保留时间、最大紫外吸收波长、二级质谱碎片信息, 标准品验证分析, 确定柑橘蜜中包含咖啡因、顺,反脱落酸、5-甲氧基短叶松素、山奈酚、松属素和柯因6种化合物。
在对柑橘蜜进行HPLC分析时, 观察到化合物1的色谱峰显著突出。正、负离子双模式下检测的化合物1的质谱图见图3。如图3所展示的数据, 可以观察到在正离子模式下存在m/z 195.0805 [M+H]+的准分子离子峰。在负离子模式下存在m/z 387.1665 [2M-H]-的离子峰。因此, 可以推断出化合物1的相对分子质量为194。此外, 通过不饱和度Ω(环加双键值)的计算, 可以得知该化合物含有6个不饱和的碳原子, 确认其分子式为C8H10N4O2
通过对准分子离子峰m/z 195.0805 [M+H]+的二级特征离子的分析, 结合化合物的最大紫外吸收波长, 最终通过标准品验证确定了该化合物正是咖啡因, 其质谱裂解途径如图4
图5是化合物2在正、负离子双模式下的质谱图, 它存在准分子离子峰m/z 265.1370 [M+H]+m/z 263.1304 [M-H]-m/z 529.2739 [2M+H]+。由此, 推断化合物2的相对分子质量为264。通过研究该化合物的保留时间以及最大紫外吸收波长, 同时结合二级质谱断裂模式的信息, 推断出该化合物的化学键性质, 并查阅大量相关文献[19], 包括化学文献、生物活性数据集以及分子结构数据库, 最终通过标准品验证, 确定该化合物为顺, 反脱落酸。
图6是化合物3在正离子和负离子两种模式下的质谱图。化合物3存在准分子离子峰m/z 287.0912 [M+H]+m/z 285.0778 [M-H]-。由此, 推断化合物3的相对分子质量为286。通过研究该化合物的保留时间以及最大紫外吸收波长, 同时结合二级质谱断裂模式的信息(图7), 推断出该化合物的化学键性质, 并查阅大量相关文献[20], 包括化学文献、生物活性数据集以及分子结构数据库, 最终通过标准品验证, 确定该化合物为5-甲氧基短叶松素。
图8是化合物4在正离子和负离子两种模式下的质谱图。该化合物存在准分子离子峰m/z 287.0545 [M+H]+m/z 285.0414 [M-H]-, 由此, 推断化合物4的相对分子质量为286。通过研究该化合物的保留时间以及最大紫外吸收波长, 同时结合二级质谱断裂模式的信息, 推断出该化合物的化学键性质, 并查阅大量相关文献[21], 包括化学文献、生物活性数据集以及分子结构数据库, 最终通过标准品验证, 确定该化合物为山奈酚。
图9是化合物5在正、负离子双模式下的质谱图。如图9所示, 化合物5存在准分子离子峰m/z 257.0734 [M+H]+m/z 255.0636 [M-H]-, 由此, 推断化合物5的相对分子质量为256。通过研究该化合物的保留时间以及最大紫外吸收波长, 同时结合二级质谱断裂模式的信息(图10), 推断出该化合物的化学键性质, 并查阅大量相关文献[22], 包括化学文献、生物活性数据集以及分子结构数据库, 最终通过标准品验证, 确定该化合物为松属素。
图11是化合物6在使用正、负离子双模式下的质谱图。化合物6存在准分子离子峰m/z 255.0612 [M+H]+m/z 253.0523 [M-H]-。由此, 推断化合物6的相对分子质量为254。通过研究该化合物的保留时间以及最大紫外吸收波长, 同时结合二级质谱断裂模式的信息(图12), 推断出该化合物的化学键性质, 并查阅大量相关文献[23], 包括化学文献、生物活性数据集以及分子结构数据库, 最终通过标准品验证, 确定该化合物为柯因。
对15个不同产地的柑橘原料蜜中的化合物成分运用高效液相色谱-二极管阵列检测器法(high performance liquid chromatography photo-diode array, HPLC-PDA)进行定量研究, 其含量可根据标准曲线计算得出。结果如表1所示, 15个样品中都检出了上述6种化学成分, 咖啡因占比最多, 其含量变化范围为: 4.40~16.72 mg/kg, 平均值为(9.45±0.25) mg/kg。其次是顺,反脱落酸, 含量范围在0.12~1.58 mg/kg, 平均值为(0.65±0.05) mg/kg。此外, 5-甲氧基短叶松素、山奈酚、松属素、柯因的平均含量分别为(0.63±0.23)、(0.14±0.07)、(0.16±0.08)、(0.52±0.09) mg/kg。
将上述所提到的15个柑橘蜜的HPLC图与中药色谱指纹图谱相似度评价系统相结合, 以评估它们之间的相似度, 同时生成柑橘蜜的HPLC标准指纹图谱。对其相似度进行分析, 结果显示其相似度在0.879~0.999范围内, 该结果表明这15个柑橘原料蜜的HPLC色谱图整体较为一致。图13是分析过程中得到的柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱, 图14是由这15个柑橘蜜样品生成的指纹图谱。
在完成柑橘蜜HPLC标准指纹图谱之后, 将其应用于市场上销售的6种柑橘蜜的真实性评价。图15为这6种柑橘商品蜜的HPLC色谱图, 可以看到品牌A、B、C、D的色谱图与标准指纹图谱大致相同, 柑橘蜜特有的成分咖啡因都存在且含量较高(表2), 由此可以得出这4种品牌的商品蜜是柑橘蜜。品牌E中也存在柑橘蜜的特征性成分咖啡因, 但其含量较低, 且色谱图与柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱出入较大, 因此, 判断品牌E的柑橘蜜有可能混入了其他种类的蜂蜜。品牌F中没有检出柑橘蜜特有的成分咖啡因, 且存在含量较高的异常峰, 与标准指纹图谱存在明显差异, 由此可以得出该品牌的商品蜜不是柑橘蜜。
本研究通过HPLC-MS/MS对柑橘蜜中的特征性成分进行分析和鉴定, 在柑橘蜜中同时检测到一种生物碱(咖啡因)、一种萜烯(顺, 反脱落酸)、4种黄酮(5-甲氧基短叶松素、山奈酚、松属素、柯因), 其中咖啡因的含量较高, 平均含量为9.45 mg/kg, 因此, 将咖啡因作为柑橘蜜的特征性成分。本研究与WANG等[24]的结果一致。咖啡因是一种黄嘌呤类生物碱, 主要存在于咖啡豆[25-26]和茶叶[27]中。对人类而言, 咖啡因能提神醒脑、抗忧郁等功效。对蜜蜂而言, 咖啡因对蜜蜂的免疫系统具有边际增强作用[28-29], 还可以改善蜜蜂的记忆[30], 因此, 与苦味的咖啡相比, 含有咖啡因的甜味的柑橘蜜作为一款具有提神醒脑的饮品, 会更容易被大众所接受。总的来说, 本研究通过中药指纹图谱相似度评价系统, 建立了柑橘蜜的标准指纹图谱, 提出了一种通过特征性成分与HPLC指纹图谱相结合的方法, 用于评价柑橘蜜的真实性, 为柑橘蜜分等分级、提高附加值提供理论依据。
  • 中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2015IAR)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241212001
  • 接收时间:2024-12-12
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-12
基金
中国农业科学院创新工程项目(CAAS-ASTIP-2015IAR)
作者信息
    1.黑龙江大学现代农业与生态环境学院, 哈尔滨 150080
    2.中国农业科学院蜜蜂研究所, 北京 100093

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* 张红城(1967—), 男, 研究员, 主要研究方向为功能食品与生物活性物质、食品生物技术。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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