Article(id=1153429501884228128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241211003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733846400000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-11, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752928622933, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1741968000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752928622933, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752928622933, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752928622933, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153429493357203682, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='5', pageStart='1', pageEnd='326', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752928620900, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758690311058, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932351, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177595773500932352, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153429493357203682, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=144, endPage=154, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153429502588871203, articleId=1153429501884228128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Development and comprehensive evaluation of Lonicera caerulea composite liquid beverage, columnId=1153429494506447365, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Development and Detection of Health Foods, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop and comprehensively evaluate the composite liquid beverage (CLB) based on the same source for Lonicera caerulea and other medicinal and edible materials. Methods Based on the binding rate of cholate, Lonicera caerulea, Auricularia and Crataegus pinnatifida were selected as the main raw materials and the ratio was optimized. Single-factor experiment, response surface experiment and more objective electronic tongue experiment were used to determine the amount of additives in the formulation, and the changes of physical properties, composition content and functional characteristics of CLB before and after sterilization were measured to evaluate the feasibility of pasteurization. Results The optimal ratio of extracts of Lonicera caerulea, Auricularia and Crataegus pinnatifida was 20:8:5 (V:V:V). The supplemental amounts of excipients were: Erythrolitol 13.00%, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.40%, potassium sorbate 0.03%, soybean polysaccharide 0.50%. Before and after CLB sterilization, the polymer dispersity index (PDI) was less than 1, the centrifugal stability coefficient was more than 90%, and the chroma ΔE was less than 2, which showed good stability. The differences in soluble solids, pH, turbidity, centrifugal stability coefficient, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and active ingredients before and after CLB pasteurization were not significant, and it had good shear characteristics, indicating the feasibility of the sterilization method. Its viscosity value approached that of milk (0.01 Pa•s), and it had a good drinking taste. Conclusion This study provides a theoretical basis for expanding the development of Lonicera caerulea with poor palatability and the application of plant-derived health beverage.

, correspAuthors=Hua ZHANG, Zhen-Yu WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shao-Feng LI, Yi-Sen WANG, Hai-Feng WANG, Hua ZHANG, Zhen-Yu WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153429543248454509, articleId=1153429501884228128, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=蓝靛果复合液态饮品的研制及综合评价, columnId=1153429494632276488, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 研发一款基于蓝靛果和其他药食同源为原料复合液态饮品(composite liquid beverage, CLB)并作出综合评价。方法 基于胆酸盐结合率, 筛选蓝靛果、黑木耳、山楂作为主要原料并进行配比优化。通过单因素实验、响应面实验及电子舌实验来确定配方辅料的添加量, 并测定杀菌前后CLB的物性、成分含量及功能特性变化来评价巴氏杀菌的可行性。结果 蓝靛果、黑木耳及山楂提取液的最优配比为20:8:5 (V:V:V); 辅料添加量为: 赤藓糖醇13.00%、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 0.40%、山梨酸钾0.03%、大豆多糖0.50%。CLB杀菌前后聚合物分散性指数(polymer dispersity index, PDI)均小于1, 离心稳定系数均大于90%, 色度ΔE小于2, 具有良好的稳定性。巴氏杀菌前后CLB的可溶性固形物、pH、浊度、离心稳定系数、羟基自由基清除率以及活性成分差异不显著, 且具有较好的剪切特性, 表明杀菌方法的可行性, 其黏度值趋近于牛奶(0.01 Pa·s), 且具有良好的饮用口感。结论 本研究为拓宽适口性不好蓝靛果的开发和植物源性健康饮品应用提供理论依据。

, correspAuthors=张华, 王振宇, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 张华(1977—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为天然产物功能成分发掘与应用、特种高值化功能性食品研究。E-mail:
王振宇(1957—), 男, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性物质分离、新资源食品及特种食药开发。E-mail:
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李少峰(2001—), 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为特种食药与生物化工。E-mail:

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caption=6种原料提取物(a)和蓝靛果复配提取物(b)的甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠结合率, figureFileSmall=nVWPjsLLJzjscAy1Fl7Veg==, figureFileBig=/oUTY9FEILIiFMUmZ/VVcA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785216049613, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Binding rates of black fungus hawthorn complex (a) and black fungus hawthorn complex-indigo fruit (b) with two bile salts, figureFileSmall=8tAG/zmdp82DQe0bBAxPNA==, figureFileBig=H/0RSulZWldrkOsRIH8lfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785278964174, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图2, caption=黑木耳山楂复配物(a)及黑木耳山楂复配物-蓝靛果(b)与两种胆酸盐的结合率, figureFileSmall=8tAG/zmdp82DQe0bBAxPNA==, figureFileBig=H/0RSulZWldrkOsRIH8lfA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785333490127, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of adding different stabilizers on the centrifugal precipitation rates of CLB, figureFileSmall=KCDbGXenHUF0SaG0Xwt2dg==, figureFileBig=tp/vyt8k3rNV5OJ+FBKqbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785388016080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同稳定剂添加对CLB离心沉淀率的影响, figureFileSmall=KCDbGXenHUF0SaG0Xwt2dg==, figureFileBig=tp/vyt8k3rNV5OJ+FBKqbA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785442542033, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of soybean polysaccharide addition (a) and CMC addition (b) on the stability of CLB, figureFileSmall=MhgileRatzKnbehmwAKXbw==, figureFileBig=fQJOyPV7U7X0kSRVZu6apA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785505456594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图4, caption=大豆多糖添加量(a)和CMC添加量(b)对CLB稳定性的影响, figureFileSmall=MhgileRatzKnbehmwAKXbw==, figureFileBig=fQJOyPV7U7X0kSRVZu6apA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785559982547, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of CMC (a), erythritol (b), potassium sorbate (c) and soybean polysaccharide (d) addition on the sensory evaluation score of CLB, figureFileSmall=EoBwBwvvfnyIhqTGhjn/sA==, figureFileBig=SS8ukts8kbIpdWiagB7O0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785627091412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图5, caption=CMC (a)、赤藓糖醇(b)、山梨酸钾(c)和大豆多糖(d)添加量对CLB感官评价分数的影响, figureFileSmall=EoBwBwvvfnyIhqTGhjn/sA==, figureFileBig=SS8ukts8kbIpdWiagB7O0w==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785694200277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Three-dimensional response surface of the interaction effect of various factors on sensory evaluation, figureFileSmall=WFG17NtkHlKUTyoqOIz3cw==, figureFileBig=PaaSRed00qRFn7x9zYKvVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619785773892054, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图6, caption=各因素交互作用影响感官评分的三维响应面, figureFileSmall=WFG17NtkHlKUTyoqOIz3cw==, figureFileBig=PaaSRed00qRFn7x9zYKvVg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619787682300375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Evaluation radar image of CLB electronic tongue, figureFileSmall=TBMNbMAHp3L+HK0x4EBzcQ==, figureFileBig=+r7X0HQ4F4uF/8lgxq687A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619787757797848, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图7, caption=CLB电子舌评价雷达图, figureFileSmall=TBMNbMAHp3L+HK0x4EBzcQ==, figureFileBig=+r7X0HQ4F4uF/8lgxq687A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619787820712409, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.8, caption=Particle size analysis of CLB before (a) and after (b) pasteurization, figureFileSmall=yBUp4vW3KJ7wy2iTHBo17g==, figureFileBig=6P5BDVPLhszrEioio/QJTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619787904598490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图8, caption=CLB巴氏杀菌前(a)和杀菌后(b)粒径分析, figureFileSmall=yBUp4vW3KJ7wy2iTHBo17g==, figureFileBig=6P5BDVPLhszrEioio/QJTw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619787967513051, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.9, caption=Spectra of unsterilized CLB (a) and sterilized CLB (b), figureFileSmall=EeGBmAHKAaEvfAwsN+IZZw==, figureFileBig=FCZhA4ZoJMiZdRkzNpYpLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619788026233308, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图9, caption=未杀菌CLB (a)和已杀菌CLB (b)光谱, figureFileSmall=EeGBmAHKAaEvfAwsN+IZZw==, figureFileBig=FCZhA4ZoJMiZdRkzNpYpLw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619788080759261, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Fig.10, caption=Analysis of shear viscosities of CLB, figureFileSmall=XN9fFYMAYboq3SjAoXxz3Q==, figureFileBig=SCkdzlBPmAxx4qjaKjF6Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619788143673822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=图10, caption=CLB剪切黏度分析, figureFileSmall=XN9fFYMAYboq3SjAoXxz3Q==, figureFileBig=SCkdzlBPmAxx4qjaKjF6Ig==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177619788206588383, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

CLB sensory evaluation criteria

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评定
项目
评分标准/分
色泽
(10分)
具有应有的颜色, 蓝紫色或紫红色, 光泽度好(10分)
颜色正常但略不均匀, 光泽度较好(5~9分)
颜色过深或过浅, 光泽度一般(1~4分)
颜色不正常, 过浅, 光泽度不好(0分)
风味
(30分)
自然香气, 香气协调, 无不良气味(30分)
有果香, 香气较协调, 几乎无不良气味(15~29分)
无果香, 香气缺乏协调性, 略有不良气味(1~14分)
香气极度不协调, 不良气味明显, 甜味太淡或太浓(0分)
口感
(50分)
酸甜味适宜, 无涩味, 无异味, 醇厚感明显(50分)
酸甜味稍浓或稍淡, 几乎无涩味、异味, 醇厚感较明显(20~49分)
酸甜味较浓或较淡, 略有涩味, 略有异味, 醇厚感稍淡(1~19分)
酸甜味太浓或太淡, 涩味明显, 有异味, 无醇厚感(0分)
状态
(10分)
液体均匀一致, 口感细腻, 黏稠适中(10分)
液体较均匀, 口感较细腻, 黏稠适中(4~9分)
液体稍不均匀, 口感略粗糙, 较黏稠或较稀(1~3分)
液体明显不均匀, 口感很粗糙, 太稠或太稀(0分)
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788277891552, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

CLB感官评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
评定
项目
评分标准/分
色泽
(10分)
具有应有的颜色, 蓝紫色或紫红色, 光泽度好(10分)
颜色正常但略不均匀, 光泽度较好(5~9分)
颜色过深或过浅, 光泽度一般(1~4分)
颜色不正常, 过浅, 光泽度不好(0分)
风味
(30分)
自然香气, 香气协调, 无不良气味(30分)
有果香, 香气较协调, 几乎无不良气味(15~29分)
无果香, 香气缺乏协调性, 略有不良气味(1~14分)
香气极度不协调, 不良气味明显, 甜味太淡或太浓(0分)
口感
(50分)
酸甜味适宜, 无涩味, 无异味, 醇厚感明显(50分)
酸甜味稍浓或稍淡, 几乎无涩味、异味, 醇厚感较明显(20~49分)
酸甜味较浓或较淡, 略有涩味, 略有异味, 醇厚感稍淡(1~19分)
酸甜味太浓或太淡, 涩味明显, 有异味, 无醇厚感(0分)
状态
(10分)
液体均匀一致, 口感细腻, 黏稠适中(10分)
液体较均匀, 口感较细腻, 黏稠适中(4~9分)
液体稍不均匀, 口感略粗糙, 较黏稠或较稀(1~3分)
液体明显不均匀, 口感很粗糙, 太稠或太稀(0分)
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788340806113, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Response surface analysis factors and horizontal design

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(赤藓糖醇
添加量)/%
B (CMC
添加量)/%
C(山梨酸钾
添加量)/%
D(大豆多糖添加量)/%
-1 9 0.1 0.01 0.3
0 12 0.3 0.03 0.5
1 15 0.5 0.05 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788407914978, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

响应面分析因素与水平设计

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水平 因素
A(赤藓糖醇
添加量)/%
B (CMC
添加量)/%
C(山梨酸钾
添加量)/%
D(大豆多糖添加量)/%
-1 9 0.1 0.01 0.3
0 12 0.3 0.03 0.5
1 15 0.5 0.05 0.7
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788487606755, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Response surface experimental design and sensory evaluation

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 A B C D 感官评分
1 0 1 -1 0 93.5
2 1 1 0 0 95.3
3 0 0 -1 -1 90.0
4 0 0 1 -1 93.2
5 -1 -1 0 0 91.7
6 0 0 -1 1 92.5
7 1 0 0 -1 93.6
8 0 0 1 1 92.1
9 0 -1 -1 0 91.1
10 1 0 0 1 92.2
11 0 1 1 0 93.4
12 -1 0 0 -1 89.2
13 0 -1 1 0 92.8
14 0 0 0 0 95.6
15 0 0 0 0 94.9
16 0 0 0 0 95.4
17 -1 0 0 1 93.5
18 0 1 0 -1 92.2
19 1 0 -1 0 92.6
20 0 -1 0 -1 91.5
21 1 -1 0 0 90.8
22 0 1 0 1 92.9
23 0 0 0 0 95.8
24 1 0 1 0 92.8
25 -1 0 -1 0 89.8
26 -1 0 1 0 90.4
27 0 0 0 0 95.8
28 0 -1 0 1 92.7
29 -1 1 0 0 90.8
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788571492836, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

响应面实验设计及感官评分

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 A B C D 感官评分
1 0 1 -1 0 93.5
2 1 1 0 0 95.3
3 0 0 -1 -1 90.0
4 0 0 1 -1 93.2
5 -1 -1 0 0 91.7
6 0 0 -1 1 92.5
7 1 0 0 -1 93.6
8 0 0 1 1 92.1
9 0 -1 -1 0 91.1
10 1 0 0 1 92.2
11 0 1 1 0 93.4
12 -1 0 0 -1 89.2
13 0 -1 1 0 92.8
14 0 0 0 0 95.6
15 0 0 0 0 94.9
16 0 0 0 0 95.4
17 -1 0 0 1 93.5
18 0 1 0 -1 92.2
19 1 0 -1 0 92.6
20 0 -1 0 -1 91.5
21 1 -1 0 0 90.8
22 0 1 0 1 92.9
23 0 0 0 0 95.8
24 1 0 1 0 92.8
25 -1 0 -1 0 89.8
26 -1 0 1 0 90.4
27 0 0 0 0 95.8
28 0 -1 0 1 92.7
29 -1 1 0 0 90.8
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788676350437, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Analysis of variance table for regression model

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 91.56 14 6.54 21.72 <0.0001 **
A 11.80 1 11.80 39.19 <0.0001 **
B 4.69 1 4.69 15.57 0.0015 **
C 2.25 1 2.25 7.48 0.0161 *
D 3.20 1 3.20 10.64 0.0057 **
AB 7.29 1 7.29 24.21 0.0002 **
AC 0.0400 1 0.0400 0.1328 0.7210
AD 8.12 1 8.12 26.97 0.0001 **
BC 0.8100 1 0.8100 2.69 0.1233
BD 0.0625 1 0.0625 0.2076 0.6557
CD 3.24 1 3.24 10.76 0.0055 **
A2 26.49 1 26.49 87.97 <0.0001 **
B2 10.48 1 10.48 34.79 <0.0001 **
C2 21.80 1 21.80 72.40 <0.0001 **
D2 17.84 1 17.84 59.24 <0.0001 **
残差 4.22 14 0.3011
失拟 3.66 10 0.3656 2.61 0.1840
纯误差 0.5600 4 0.1400
总离差 95.78 28
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788760236518, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

回归模型方差分析表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
方差来源 平方和 自由度 均方 F P 显著性
模型 91.56 14 6.54 21.72 <0.0001 **
A 11.80 1 11.80 39.19 <0.0001 **
B 4.69 1 4.69 15.57 0.0015 **
C 2.25 1 2.25 7.48 0.0161 *
D 3.20 1 3.20 10.64 0.0057 **
AB 7.29 1 7.29 24.21 0.0002 **
AC 0.0400 1 0.0400 0.1328 0.7210
AD 8.12 1 8.12 26.97 0.0001 **
BC 0.8100 1 0.8100 2.69 0.1233
BD 0.0625 1 0.0625 0.2076 0.6557
CD 3.24 1 3.24 10.76 0.0055 **
A2 26.49 1 26.49 87.97 <0.0001 **
B2 10.48 1 10.48 34.79 <0.0001 **
C2 21.80 1 21.80 72.40 <0.0001 **
D2 17.84 1 17.84 59.24 <0.0001 **
残差 4.22 14 0.3011
失拟 3.66 10 0.3656 2.61 0.1840
纯误差 0.5600 4 0.1400
总离差 95.78 28
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788844122599, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Effects of pasteurization on CLB chromaticity

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 L* a* b* c* h° ΔE
杀菌前 23.54±0.14a 3.55±0.21a 2.28±0.15a 4.22±0.21a 32.76±2.76b -
杀菌后 23.43±0.12a 3.49±0.16a 2.36±0.15a 4.23±0.16a 34.04±0.96a 1.28
), ArticleFig(id=1177619788907037160, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

巴氏杀菌对CLB色度的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 L* a* b* c* h° ΔE
杀菌前 23.54±0.14a 3.55±0.21a 2.28±0.15a 4.22±0.21a 32.76±2.76b -
杀菌后 23.43±0.12a 3.49±0.16a 2.36±0.15a 4.23±0.16a 34.04±0.96a 1.28
), ArticleFig(id=1177619789007700457, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Comparison table of basic physical properties of CLB liquid beverages before and after pasteurization

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 可溶性固形物/% pH (25 ℃) 浊度 离心稳定系/%
杀菌前 15.37±0.31a 3.45±0.06a 0.145±0.003a 90.41±0.75a
杀菌后 15.02±0.08a 3.41±0.01a 0.124±0.004b 95.45±1.35a
), ArticleFig(id=1177619789074809322, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153429501884228128, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

CLB液态饮品巴氏杀菌前后基础物性比对表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 可溶性固形物/% pH (25 ℃) 浊度 离心稳定系/%
杀菌前 15.37±0.31a 3.45±0.06a 0.145±0.003a 90.41±0.75a
杀菌后 15.02±0.08a 3.41±0.01a 0.124±0.004b 95.45±1.35a
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蓝靛果复合液态饮品的研制及综合评价
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李少峰 1 , 王贻森 1 , 王海峰 2 , 张华 1, * , 王振宇 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025,16(5): 144-154
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:保健食品的研发与检测 2025, 16(5): 144-154
蓝靛果复合液态饮品的研制及综合评价
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李少峰1 , 王贻森1, 王海峰2, 张华1, * , 王振宇1, *
作者信息
  • 1.哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院, 哈尔滨 150001
  • 2.黑龙江贝比康生物技术研发有限公司, 牡丹江 157010
  • 李少峰(2001—), 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为特种食药与生物化工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 张华(1977—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为天然产物功能成分发掘与应用、特种高值化功能性食品研究。E-mail:
王振宇(1957—), 男, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性物质分离、新资源食品及特种食药开发。E-mail:
Development and comprehensive evaluation of Lonicera caerulea composite liquid beverage
Shao-Feng LI1 , Yi-Sen WANG1, Hai-Feng WANG2, Hua ZHANG1, * , Zhen-Yu WANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China
  • 2. Heilongjiang Beibikang Biotechnology Research and Development Co., Ltd., Mudanjiang 157010, China
出版时间: 2025-03-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241211003
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目的 研发一款基于蓝靛果和其他药食同源为原料复合液态饮品(composite liquid beverage, CLB)并作出综合评价。方法 基于胆酸盐结合率, 筛选蓝靛果、黑木耳、山楂作为主要原料并进行配比优化。通过单因素实验、响应面实验及电子舌实验来确定配方辅料的添加量, 并测定杀菌前后CLB的物性、成分含量及功能特性变化来评价巴氏杀菌的可行性。结果 蓝靛果、黑木耳及山楂提取液的最优配比为20:8:5 (V:V:V); 辅料添加量为: 赤藓糖醇13.00%、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC) 0.40%、山梨酸钾0.03%、大豆多糖0.50%。CLB杀菌前后聚合物分散性指数(polymer dispersity index, PDI)均小于1, 离心稳定系数均大于90%, 色度ΔE小于2, 具有良好的稳定性。巴氏杀菌前后CLB的可溶性固形物、pH、浊度、离心稳定系数、羟基自由基清除率以及活性成分差异不显著, 且具有较好的剪切特性, 表明杀菌方法的可行性, 其黏度值趋近于牛奶(0.01 Pa·s), 且具有良好的饮用口感。结论 本研究为拓宽适口性不好蓝靛果的开发和植物源性健康饮品应用提供理论依据。

蓝靛果  /  胆酸盐结合率  /  复合液态饮品  /  响应面分析  /  感官评价

Objective To develop and comprehensively evaluate the composite liquid beverage (CLB) based on the same source for Lonicera caerulea and other medicinal and edible materials. Methods Based on the binding rate of cholate, Lonicera caerulea, Auricularia and Crataegus pinnatifida were selected as the main raw materials and the ratio was optimized. Single-factor experiment, response surface experiment and more objective electronic tongue experiment were used to determine the amount of additives in the formulation, and the changes of physical properties, composition content and functional characteristics of CLB before and after sterilization were measured to evaluate the feasibility of pasteurization. Results The optimal ratio of extracts of Lonicera caerulea, Auricularia and Crataegus pinnatifida was 20:8:5 (V:V:V). The supplemental amounts of excipients were: Erythrolitol 13.00%, carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) 0.40%, potassium sorbate 0.03%, soybean polysaccharide 0.50%. Before and after CLB sterilization, the polymer dispersity index (PDI) was less than 1, the centrifugal stability coefficient was more than 90%, and the chroma ΔE was less than 2, which showed good stability. The differences in soluble solids, pH, turbidity, centrifugal stability coefficient, hydroxyl radical scavenging rate, and active ingredients before and after CLB pasteurization were not significant, and it had good shear characteristics, indicating the feasibility of the sterilization method. Its viscosity value approached that of milk (0.01 Pa•s), and it had a good drinking taste. Conclusion This study provides a theoretical basis for expanding the development of Lonicera caerulea with poor palatability and the application of plant-derived health beverage.

Lonicera caerulea  /  bile acid binding rate  /  composite liquid beverage  /  response surface analysis  /  sensory evaluation
李少峰, 王贻森, 王海峰, 张华, 王振宇. 蓝靛果复合液态饮品的研制及综合评价. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (5) : 144 -154 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241211003
Shao-Feng LI, Yi-Sen WANG, Hai-Feng WANG, Hua ZHANG, Zhen-Yu WANG. Development and comprehensive evaluation of Lonicera caerulea composite liquid beverage[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (5) : 144 -154 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241211003
随着人们生活水平的不断提升, 日常生活中的膳食结构也发生了巨大变化, 长时间的高脂饮食会诱发机体内多种慢性疾病如高血压、高脂血症、非酒精性脂肪肝等的发生, 增加肝脏代谢负担的同时影响脂肪细胞及外周组织的脂肪含量, 同时导致低密度脂蛋白(low density lipoprotein, LDL)的累积[1]。体内脂质水平过高时会阻塞血管, 从而导致脂肪肝、动脉粥样硬化[2]或心血管和脑血管疾病[3]。长期的脂肪肝可能进一步发展为肝硬化甚至肝癌[4], 研究发现, 胆酸盐结合能力的提升能够促进脂肪消化和吸收并有助于降低血液中胆固醇水平, 具有潜在的降脂能力[5-6], 通过模拟人体生理环境, 基于不同天然产物对胆酸盐的结合能力, 从而筛选具有降脂功能的原料, 开发健康食品[7]
相较于化学药物, 一些天然产物及其提取物对人体几乎无毒副作用, 在解决亚健康和代谢性疾病问题上有了更好的突破口。近年来, 随着人们的健康意识不断提高, 许多研究都关注植物化学物质的降脂益处。基于胆酸盐结合能力对具有降脂功能的天然产物进行筛选, 其中, 蓝靛果(Lonicera caerulea)是忍冬属蓝果忍冬的变种, 含有较高的维生素C、总酚和总花色素苷, 可以促进ABC家族蛋白的表达, 从而促进胆固醇降解[8]; 黑木耳(Auricularia)多糖能够吸附血液中的脂肪, 防止脂肪沉积和血栓的形成[9]; 山楂(Crataegus pinnatifida)中的山楂黄酮具有抗动脉粥样硬化、降血脂的功效[10]
本研究将传统食药资源与协同理念相结合, 基于胆酸盐结合率确定复合液态饮品(composite liquid beverage, CLB)主要原料, 通过离心沉淀率及感官评价确定辅料及其添加量[11], 并通过杀菌前后物性指标、主成分含量、羟自由基清除率及流变学特性的变化来综合评价85 ℃条件下杀菌30 min工艺的可行性, 既保留蓝靛果独特的风味又能为特定人群提供降脂思路, 为蓝靛果产品高值化开发提供有益参考。
蓝靛果(鲜果)、黑木耳(干果)、山楂(鲜果)、荷叶(Lotus leaf)(干果)、魔芋(Amorphophallus)(干果)、决明子(Catsia tora Linn)(干果)、绞股蓝(Gynostemma)(干果)分别购自黑龙江省七台河市勃利县吉兴河林场、黑河市瑷珲山珍生物科技有限公司、山东沂蒙山山楂农家果园、安徽首丰生物科技有限公司、河南珍源食品配料有限公司、亳州市存誉堂健康产业发展有限公司、桂林天堂漓江特产有限公司。
硫酸亚铁、氢氧化钠、硫酸亚铁、甲醇、亚硝酸、硝酸铝、磷酸盐缓冲钠(phosphate buffered sodium, PBS)片剂(分析纯, 天津市天力化学试剂有限公司); 过氧化氢(分析纯, 南京化学试剂股份有限公司); 铁氰化钾(分析纯, 天津永晟精细化工有限公司); 无水乙醇(分析纯, 天津永大化学试剂有限公司); 盐酸、硫酸(分析纯, 哈尔滨世纪阳光经贸有限公司); 苯酚葡萄糖、芦丁、甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠、胃蛋白酶、胰蛋白酶(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 赤藓糖醇、山梨酸钾(食品级, 山东尊宏生物科技有限公司); 果胶酶、羧甲基纤维素(carboxymethyl cellulose, CMC)(食品级, 河南中辰生物科技有限公司)。
ALC-210电子分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 赛多利斯科学仪器有限公司); H2050R低温超高速离心机(湖南湘仪实验仪器开发有限公司); KQ-500DE数控超声波提取器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); MODEL550酶标仪(美国Bio-Rad公司); SA402电子舌(日本Insent公司); DHG-9240A电热恒温鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒电热恒温鼓风干燥箱有限公司); DH5000A电热恒温培养箱、FW177中草药粉碎机(天津市泰斯特仪器有限公司); R1005真空旋转蒸发仪(郑州长城科工贸有限公司); PHS-3EpH计(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司); T6紫外-可见分光光度计(北京普析通用仪器有限公司); MARS40高级旋转流变仪(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); TS7708分光测色仪(深圳市三恩时科技有限公司); ZS90纳米粒度、ZETA电位分析仪(英国Marlven公司); 200电子顺磁共振波谱仪(国仪量子技术有限公司); Vortex-1漩涡震荡器(上海沪析实业有限公司); DSX-18L-I手提式高压蒸汽灭菌器(上海申安医疗器械厂); HH-W600数显恒温水浴锅(中国金南有限公司)。
将用于筛选的6种原料清洗粉碎后, 过40目筛, 备用。准确称取各原料10.00 g, 料水比1:10 (g/mL), 于50 ℃、400 W条件下超声辅助提取120 min, 提取2次, 离心取上清液, 合并二次上清滤液, 50 ℃旋转蒸发浓缩, 储存在4 ℃冰箱中备用。
分别称取甘氨胆酸钠(M=487.6)和牛黄胆酸钠(M=537.6)适量置于烧杯中, 加pH 6.3的PBS (0.1 mol/L)缓冲液充分溶解并定容于100 mL容量瓶, 摇匀, 配制出对照品溶液; 随后用PBS溶液稀释, 得到不同质量浓度梯度的标准溶液。分别取上述不同梯度的标准溶液2.5 mL于10 mL具塞试管中, 加入7.5 mL质量浓度60% H2SO4, 于70 ℃水浴25 min, 取出冰浴5 min, 用紫外分光光度计测定各个试管中的溶液在387 nm处的吸光度, 以胆酸盐浓度为横坐标, 所测吸光度为纵坐标, 绘制甘氨胆酸钠、牛黄胆酸钠标准曲线。以上溶液均现配现用。
取2 mL提取物提取液于烧杯中, 向每只烧杯中加入质量浓度10 mg/mL的胃蛋白酶溶液(以pH=6.3的0.1 mol/L PBS缓冲液配制)3 mL和浓度为0.01 mol/L的HCl溶液1 mL, 于37 ℃恒温振荡培养箱中消化1 h(模拟胃消化环境); 以0.1 mol/L的NaOH将溶液调至pH为6.3, 加入4 mL 10 mg/mL胰蛋白酶溶液, 于37 ℃恒温振荡箱培养箱中消化1 h(模拟胃肠道环境)。体外消化完成后, 向烧杯中加入4 mL甘氨胆酸钠和牛磺胆酸钠对照品溶液, 在37 ℃恒温振荡培养箱中振荡1 h (90 r/min), 然后在离心机中以6000 r/min离心20 min, 取上清液2.5 mL于10 mL具塞试管中, 加入7.5 mL质量浓度60% H2SO4, 于70 ℃水浴25 min, 取出冰浴5 min, 在387 nm处测定吸光度, 每个样品平行3次, 并按式(1)计算结合率[12]:
$\text { 胆酸盐结合率 } / \%=\frac{c_{1}-c_{2}}{c_{1}} \times 100 \%$
式中: c1为反应溶液中初始胆酸盐质量浓度(mg/mL), c2为反应结束后溶液中剩余的胆酸盐质量浓度(mg/mL)。
(1)感官评价
感官评价方法参考文献[13]并稍作修改, 10名专门培训的评价人员(不同地域、不同性别、不同年龄), 对CLB从色泽、风味、口感、状态4个方面进行感官评价, 总分为100分, 评价标准见表1
(2)单因素实验筛选CLB稳定剂和辅料添加量的优化
根据GB 2760—2014《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》初步确定赤藓糖醇、CMC、山梨酸钾、大豆多糖的添加量, 通过离心稳定率进一步筛选优化。将空管离心管称重, 记作m0 (mg); 称取一定质量的样品于离心管中, 得到总质量m1 (mg); 在4000 r/min条件下离心20 min后倒出上清液, 随后称取离心后质量m2 (mg)。样品质量为(m1-m0), 样品离心沉淀质量为(m2-m0), 随后测得样品离心沉淀率, 见式(2)。
$C / \%=\frac{m_{2}-m_{0}}{m_{1}-m_{0}} \times 100 \%$
(3)响应面分析验证及辅料配方确定
响应面实验设计: 以单因素实验为基础, 对4个因素进行响应面分析, 以CLB的感官评价分数为响应值, 设计结果见表2
(4)电子舌验证CLB复配配方
取制备好的蓝靛果提取液、黑木耳提取液、山楂提取液及感官优化前后的CLB进行电子舌的测定。
85 ℃下杀菌30 min, 在CLB成分和状态稳定的前提下, 利用较低的温度既可杀死病菌又能保持物品中营养物质物性和活性成分不变。
(1)巴氏杀菌对CLB物性指标的影响
粒径分析: 参见文献[14]并稍作修改, 在室温下将1 mL稀释后的样品加入到以水为介质的准备池中, 在0.3 nm~10.0 μm范围内用激光束进行照射。
浊度测定: 先前用蒸馏水将样品稀释100倍, 使用分光光度计在420 nm下测定CLB液态饮品的吸光度水平。吸光度读数的结果与浊度值相关。取3次平行实验的平均值。
pH测定: 使用数字pH计在环境温度[(25±1) ℃)]下测量CLB液态饮品的pH。
离心稳定系数测定: 检测波长设为720 nm, 测定稀释100倍CLB以及于4000 r/min下离心10 min后上清液的吸光度值, 得到吸光度X1及X2, 稳定系数WX2和X1的比值, 若W≥90%, 则稳定性较好。
可溶性固形物测定: 参考文献[15]并稍作修改。参照GB/T 12295—90《水果、蔬菜制品 可溶性固形物含量的测定 折射仪法》, 采用阿贝折光仪对杀菌前后CLB中的可溶性固形物进行测定。
色差测定: 参考吕桂芳等[16]的方法, 测定亮度值L*、红度值a*、黄度值b*、饱和度C*、色调h°, 并计算总颜色变化ΔE, 观察总颜色的变化。
(2)活性成分测定
①花青素含量测定
采用盐酸甲醇法[17]测定花青素含量, 准确吸取样品100 μL, 置于50 mL容量瓶中, 加入约40 mL 2%盐酸甲醇溶液, 20 ℃超声水浴处理20 min, 放置10 min至室温后, 用2%盐酸甲醇溶液定容, 3500 r/min转速离心15 min, 取上清液测定吸光度值, 代入公式(3)计算含量。
$C / \%=\frac{A \times M \times V_{1} \times D_{\mathrm{F}}}{\varepsilon \times m \times L} \times 100 \%$
式中: A为吸光度; DF为样品稀释倍数; M为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的相对分子质量(449.2); ε为矢车菊-3-葡萄糖苷的消光系数(26900); m为样品质量(mg); L为比色皿光程。
②多糖含量检测
采用苯酚硫酸法[18]测定多糖含量, 在490 nm下测得吸光度并绘制标准曲线, 随后吸取1.0 mL样品测定液于20 mL具塞试管中, 按照绘制标准曲线的方法测定样品吸光度。
③黄酮含量检测
采用芦丁对照法[19]测定CLB总黄酮含量, 按照测定标准曲线的方法测定供试品中总黄酮浓度, 代入公式(4)计算样品总黄酮含量。
$X=\frac{C \times V_{1} \times V_{3} \times 100}{V_{2} \times M \times 1000}$
式中: X为试样中总黄酮百分含量, 以芦丁(C27H30O16)计; C为标准曲线上读出供试溶液中总黄酮的质量浓度(mg/mL); V1为试样定容体积(mL); V2为吸取供试液体积(mL); V3为显色定容体积(mL); M为试样取样量(mL)。
(3)杀菌对CLB羟基自由基清除率的影响
羟自由基清除率的测定方法参考王英特等[20]并稍作修改, 分别移取不同质量浓度(8.0、4.0、2.0、1.0、0.5 mg/mL)的CLB样品50 μL, 加入40 μL 0.2 mmol/L FeSO4的水溶液、40 μL的双蒸水和40 μL 0.1 mol/L 5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物(5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO)的水溶液, 混合均匀后加入40 μL 0.1% H2O2, 混合后立即取样, 用微量注射器取上清液注入Teflon毛细管中, 将毛细管对折, 插入顺磁石英样品管底部, 将样品管插入谐振腔中心位置进行电子顺磁共振光谱法(electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR)检测。
(4)杀菌对CLB静态流变学特性的影响
静态流变学特性分析参见尚琪等[21]测定方法, 采用流变仪在25 ℃下对CLB进行静态流变学特性分析, 剪切速率范围为0.1~100.0 s-1, 观察CLB黏度变化。
利用Excel 2017软件记录并整理实验数据, 结果以均值±标准偏差表示, 使用Origin 2024和Graphpad prism 8进行作图和数据分析, 用Design Expert 13.0分析实验数据, P<0.05为差异显著, 所有结果平行测定3次。
甘氨胆酸钠与牛磺胆酸钠标准曲线的线性方程为: Y=11.753X+0.0111 (r2为0.99900)、Y=6.9969X-0.0006 (r2为0.99918), 说明该标准曲线拟合具有一定的可靠性。
通过查阅降血脂活性成分的相关文献[22], 本研究选取蓝靛果作为CLB的主成分, 对具有相同生药量质量浓度(100 mg/mL)的魔芋、绞股蓝、山楂、黑木耳、荷叶、决明子6种原料进行筛选, 以蓝靛果提取液为基础, 通过体外模拟胃肠道消化模型, 根据与胆酸盐结合能力, 筛选出具有最佳胆酸盐结合率的提取物。结果如图1所示, 最终筛选出蓝靛果、黑木耳及山楂提取液为CLB主成分。
将上述筛选出的黑木耳、山楂提取液混合, 通过与胆酸盐的结合能力进行配比筛选, 确定配比后再与蓝靛果提取液进行配比筛选出最终主成分的配比。黑木耳山楂提取液按照上述体积比混合后, 如图2所示, 当对应体积比为8:5时, 甘氨胆酸钠、牛磺胆酸钠两种胆酸盐结合率最高。当对应体积比从8:5变化到2:5时, 提取液对两种胆酸盐的结合能力均有所下降, 确定黑木耳、山楂添加比例后, 将黑木耳提取液、山楂提取液按照8:5的体积混合, 将其与蓝靛果提取液按照2:5、2:4、2:3、2:2、3:2、4:2体积比混合, 通过两种胆酸盐结合率进行比较筛选。当黑木耳山楂复配物提取液与蓝靛果提取液体积比为2:3时, 两种胆酸盐结合率最高。因此, 最终筛选出蓝靛果提取液、黑木耳提取液及山楂提取液的最优配比为20:8:5 (V:V:V)。
分别在常温(25 ℃)及冷藏(0 ℃)条件下添加0.4%稳定剂筛选出合适的两种稳定剂进行添加量的优化。如图3所示, CLB等量添加5种添加剂在常温存放条件下, 与空白对照组(14.19%)相比, 各组离心沉淀率均有所下降, 其中CMC、黄原胶、三聚磷酸钠、大豆多糖组离心沉淀率分别下降了33.91%、28.99%、42.34%、38.29%, 稳定剂效果更好; 而在冷藏放存条件下, 与空白对照组(17.19%)相比, 黄原胶(20.07%)与三聚磷酸钠(24.18%)这两组的离心沉淀率反而更高, 表明这两种添加剂受温度影响较大, 在低温条件下更容易发生聚集现象, 而CMC、大豆多糖组分别下降了38.46%、46.16%, 效果相对更好, 因此选用CMC、大豆多糖作为稳定剂。
通过单因素实验进行稳定剂添加量的优化, 如图4所示, 随着大豆多糖的添加, 离心沉淀率在0.4%~0.8%范围内最低并保持稳定, 常温下离心沉淀在8.75%~9.38%范围内, 冷藏时离心沉淀率在9.25%~10.58%范围内, 离心沉淀率逐渐趋于稳定。随着稳定剂CMC的添加, CLB离心沉淀率逐渐下降, 在0.3%~0.5%范围条件下, 常温下离心沉淀率在8.38%~10.23%范围内, 冷藏时离心沉淀率在9.57%~10.59%范围内, 离心沉淀率逐渐趋于稳定。因此, CMC的最佳添加量在0.3%~0.5%范围内, 大豆多糖的最佳添加量在0.4%~0.8%范围。
通过感官评价分别对CMC、赤藓糖醇、山梨酸钾、大豆多糖添加量进行优化。其添加量对液态饮品感官评价的影响如图5所示, 随着CMC的添加, 感官评分最高为90.2分, 此时CMC添加量为0.3%。赤藓糖醇添加量由3%增加到12%, 感官评分从71.4增加到91.2分, 赤藓糖醇含量继续添加导致CLB口味过甜而使感官评分下降。山梨酸钾的加入量从0.01%增加到0.03%时, 感官评分从78.2分增加到85.6分, 当山梨酸钾添加量为0.03%时, CLB口感最为细腻, 厚重。但随着山梨酸钾的继续加入, 感官评分呈现下降趋势, 整体较为浑浊, 黏度较大。当山梨酸钾添加量为0.05%时会开始出现山梨酸钾的咸味。大豆多糖的添加量为0.5%时感官评价分数最高, 达到94.7分, 可以看出, 大豆多糖的添加对于CLB感官评价分数整体都有所提升。因此选择CMC的添加量为0.1%~0.5%, 甜味剂赤藓糖醇的添加量为9%~15%, 山梨酸钾添加量为0.02%~0.04%, 大豆多糖的添加量为0.3%~0.7%进行响应面实验。
根据单因素实验结果, 设计响应面实验。表3是29个实验点的实验结果。以赤藓糖醇添加量(A)、CMC添加量(B)、山梨酸钾添加量(C)、大豆多糖添加量(D)为自变量, 以CLB的感官评分的平均值为响应值。
用Design Expert 13.0分析实验数据, 见表4。方差分析结果显示, 模型P<0.01, 模型极显著。失拟项P=0.1840>0.05, 表明模型稳定。其中回归模型的R²=0.9560, 其拟合度较好, 校正系数R²adj=0.9120, 表明本研究中91.20%的数据可以使用[23]。所有一次项及二次项, 交互项ABADCD均可显著影响响应值(P<0.05)[24]。其中, FA=39.19、FB=15.57、FC=7.48、FD=10.64, 即各因素对感官评分的影响程度为: A>B>D>C
建立各因素以及交互因素对CLB的感官评分的回归模型, 二次多项式回归拟合方程如式(5), 对回归模型进行分析, 各因素及其交互作用和平方项显著性的影响。
Y=+95.50+0.9917A+0.6250B+0.4333C+0.5167D+1.35AB-0.1AC-1.42AD-0.45BC-0.125BD-0.9CD-2.02A2-1.27B2- 1.83C2-1.66D2
式中, Y为感官评分值, ABCD为赤藓糖醇、CMC、山梨酸钾、大豆多糖添加量的编码值。
赤藓糖醇、CMC、山梨酸钾、大豆多糖4个因素交互作用的三维响应面如图6所示, 在设定条件范围内可看出因素交互作用较好[25-26]
经软件分析, 各因素的添加量为: 赤藓糖醇13.253%、CMC 0.392%、山梨酸钾0.031%、大豆多糖0.488%, 感官评价分数预测值为95.850。根据响应面实验结果, 对上述参数进行验证。各组分添加量为: 赤藓糖醇13.00%、CMC 0.40%、山梨酸钾0.03%、大豆多糖0.50%, 感官评分为95.164, 与预测值接近, 进一步验证了实验结果。
图7所示, 复配后的CLB咸度响应值(-3.17)相较于黑木耳提取液有所下降; 对其甜味进行分析发现, CLB甜味值相较于3种提取物处于中间水平。
复配后的CLB经过感官优化后, 各个味觉值得到进一步改善, 相较于优化前CLB, 感官优化后CLB的酸味值(-3.15)、苦味值(-1.15)、涩味值(1.53)都有明显的下降, 而丰富度(-4.23)、甜味值(3.15)也都有明显的上升。与感官评价结果相似, 进一步客观印证了感官评价结果。
巴氏杀菌前后的CLB的粒径分布见图8, CLB巴氏杀菌前平均粒径为913.9 nm, 聚合物分散性指数(polymer dispersity index, PDI)为0.389, CLB巴氏杀菌后成分的平均粒径为927.7 nm, PDI为0.315。杀菌前后PDI均小于1, 表明CLB在巴氏杀菌前后分布比较均匀, 体系稳定不易聚集成团, 具有良好的稳定性[27-28]。热处理后虽粒径有所增大, 但差异不显著(P>0.05)。对比可知PDI值由0.389下降为0.315, 表明CLB在经过巴氏杀菌后成分的粒径大小分布更均匀, 粒子聚合度分布更窄, 分子量差异变小, 稳定性提高。
表5可知, 热处理后L*有所减小, 可能高温处理使CLB发生了氧化作用, 导致CLB的亮度值有所下降; 与巴氏杀菌前的样品相比, 巴氏杀菌后样品的ΔE为1.28, 小于2, 色泽变化不明显与文献报道一致[29]
测定CLB于巴氏杀菌前后的可溶性固形物、pH、浊度及离心稳定系数, 评价杀菌前后CLB稳定性的变化, 如表6所示。由结果可知, 巴氏杀菌后CLB的离心稳定系数由90.41%上升至95.45%, 各组分中的固形物成分悬浮于CLB中, 表明其稳定性增加。CLB经巴氏杀菌处理后pH由3.45±0.06变成3.41±0.01, 差异不显著(P>0.05)[30]。CLB经巴氏杀菌处理后可溶性固形物含量由15.37%±0.31%变成15.02%±0.08%, 差异不显著(P>0.05)。CLB经巴氏杀菌处理后测浊度时的吸光度由0.145±0.003降低至0.124±0.004, 差异显著(P<0.05), 浊度的降低对于液态饮品的稳定性的影响是积极的[31]
杀菌前CLB中花青素含量为(73.2±2.64) mg/100 mL, 杀菌后CLB中花青素含量为(72.3±1.37) mg/100 mL。对比分析发现, CLB在超高温瞬时杀菌(ultra-high temperature instantaneous sterilization, UHT)后花青素含量出现少量下降, 但并不显著(P>0.05)[32]
杀菌前CLB中多糖含量为(6.03±0.94) Glucose g/100 mL, 杀菌后CLB中多糖含量为(6.12±0.88) Glucose g/100 mL[33]。对比分析发现, CLB在巴氏杀菌后多糖含量出现少量上升, 但并不显著(P>0.05)。杀菌前CLB中黄酮含量为(123.81±4.32) Rutin mg/100 mL, 杀菌后CLB中黄酮含量为(112.85±8.19) Rutin mg/100 mL[34]
本研究利用EPR法对CLB的羟基自由基清除作用进行研究[35], 结果如图9所示。由图9可知, 光谱具有四重峰, 其峰高比例为1:2:2:1, 超精细耦合常数为aN=aH=14.9 G, 从而判定该峰为羟基自由基捕获峰[36-37]。可以看出, 各稀释倍数未杀菌和已杀菌的CLB样品之间并无显著性差异。对于各待测样品组谱图中的峰高发生显著性改变, 但整体峰形相似, 对比发现空白组由于未加CLB导致其羟自由基峰强显著高于其他样品组, 从而表明CLB对羟基自由基有一定的清除作用, 仍具有抗氧化特性。
CLB杀菌前后的剪切黏度变化如图10所示, CLB杀菌前后黏度值均随剪切速率在0.1~100.0 s-1范围内的不断增大而下降, 这表明CLB属于假塑性流体[38]。由图10可知, 随着剪切速率增加, 黏度值变化较为明显, CLB成分间的稳定结构被打乱, 分子间作用力减小, 导致黏度下降。横坐标增大到1.0 s-1之前, 杀菌后CLB黏度显著小于杀菌前样品黏度值, 表明杀菌过程较好地增强了样品的稳定性、均一性, 从而降低样品整体黏度值。横坐标增大到1.0 s-1及之后, 杀菌前后黏度值基本稳定变化不大, 表明溶液分子间作用力较小且分子量分布较为集中[39]。杀菌前后黏度值稳定在0.2 Pa·s以下, 表明样品中分子粒径较小。杀菌前后样品的黏度值分别为0.01018、0.01068 Pa·s。
通过体外模拟胃肠道消化模型, 结合与胆酸盐结合能力, 筛选出蓝靛果、黑木耳及山楂提取液的最优配比为20:8:5 (V:V:V)。通过响应面实验多方位对辅料添加量进行优化, 最终确定辅料添加量为: 赤藓糖醇13.00%、CMC 0.40%、山梨酸钾0.03%、大豆多糖0.50%。实验过程中, 低温下饮品的离心沉淀率过高, 大豆多糖与CMC联用后离心沉淀率显著下降。采用电子舌进一步验证CLB复配配方, 复配后的CLB口感适中, 与响应面感官评分结果一致, 具有良好的口感和胆酸盐结合能力。
对制备的饮品进行理化指标测定, 85 ℃杀菌30 min对粒度、离心稳定性等物性指标, 花青素、多糖、黄酮活性成分含量、总固形物含量、pH、色度等理化指标, 流变学特性及羟基自由基清除率没有造成显著性差异。基于蓝靛果及药食同源原料开发具有提高胆酸盐结合能力的CLB, 能够有效地与胆酸盐结合, 从而促进胆固醇降解。既满足特定人群的消费需求, 又符合国家鼓励发展大健康产业政策, 对推动蓝靛果等相关产业发展具有积极作用。
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2025年第16卷第5期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241211003
  • 接收时间:2024-12-11
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-03-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-11
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    1.哈尔滨工业大学化工与化学学院, 哈尔滨 150001
    2.黑龙江贝比康生物技术研发有限公司, 牡丹江 157010

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* 张华(1977—), 女, 副教授, 主要研究方向为天然产物功能成分发掘与应用、特种高值化功能性食品研究。E-mail:
王振宇(1957—), 男, 教授, 主要研究方向为生物活性物质分离、新资源食品及特种食药开发。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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