Article(id=1153986581187781273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1733155200000, receivedDateStr=2024-12-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061440989, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061440989, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061440989, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061440989, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=194, endPage=202, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986581762400926, articleId=1153986581187781273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Rapid detection of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1153986581653349021, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Modern Analysis Instrument in Food Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of illegally added azo industrial dyes (Sudan red I, Sudan red II, Sudan red III, Sudan red IV, Sudan red B, rhodamine B, Sudan red G, Sudan red 7B, para red, Sudan orange G, basic orange 2, basic orange 21, and basic orange 22) in spices using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After the sample was soaked with water, it was extracted with acidified acetonitrile (containing 1% acetic acid) by ultrasonic extraction, and purified with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. After concentration, acetonitrile-0.10% formic acid aqueous solution was used as mobile phase, gradient elution, C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 µm) separation, electrospray multi reaction monitoring and positive ion mode determination were used to qualitatively determine 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices, and external standard method was used for quantitative determination. Results The 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes showed good linear relationships within the mass concentration ranges of 0.5-50.0, 1-50, or 4-100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r2) all greater than 0.99; the limits of detection could reach 1.0-10.0 µg/kg, and the limits of quantification could reach 3.0-30.0 µg/kg. The average spiked recovery rates at 1-fold, 2-fold, and 10 fold concentration levels were 75.7% to 102.4%, with relative standard deviations below 10% (n=6). Conclusion This method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, rapid, accurate, and sensitive, and is suitable for rapid screening and quantitative detection of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices, in order to provide strong technical support for the supervision of illegal addition of azo industrial dyes.

, correspAuthors=Lei YUAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xiao-He WANG, Zhuo LV, Lei YUAN, Chang-Gen XU, Ruo-Yu CHEN, Fang LIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986599479141360, articleId=1153986581187781273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料, columnId=1153986581842092705, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定香辛料中非法添加的13种偶氮类工业染料(苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红B、罗丹明B、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、对位红、苏丹橙G、碱性橙2、碱性橙21和碱性橙22)的方法。方法 样品用水浸润后, 经酸化乙腈(含1%乙酸)超声提取, 无水硫酸镁与氯化钠辅助净化, 浓缩后, 以乙腈-0.10%甲酸水溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 µm)分离, 采用电喷雾多反应监测、正离子模式测定, 对香辛料中的13种偶氮类工业染料进行定性测定, 外标法定量。结果 13种偶氮类工业染料分别在质量浓度0.5~50.0、1~50或4~100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)均大于0.99; 检出限可达1.0~10.0 µg/kg, 定量限可达3.0~30.0 µg/kg。在1倍定量限、2倍定量限与10倍定量限浓度水平的平均加标回收率为75.7%~102.4%, 相对标准偏差均低于10% (n=6)。结论 该方法前处理简便, 具有快速、准确、灵敏的优点, 适用于对香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料的快速筛查与定量检测, 以期为偶氮类工业染料的非法添加监管提供强有力的技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=袁磊, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 袁磊(1987—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检测与方法研究。E-mail:
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王小贺(1973—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品质量安全检验研究。E-mail:

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王小贺(1973—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品质量安全检验研究。E-mail:

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Journal of Chromatography B: Analytical Technologies in the Biomedical & Life Sciences, 2016, 1025: 105-109., articleTitle=Simultaneous determination of three azo dyes in food product by ion mobility spectrometry, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1177985465023087275, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, awardId=null, language=CN, fundingSource=陕西省食品药品安全监测重点实验室项目, fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1177985459666960959, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177985459675349567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, companyId=1177985459666960959, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177985459683738176, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, companyId=1177985459666960959, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=陕西省食品药品检验研究院, 西安 710000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177985463127261846, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion flow diagram of 13 kinds of industrial azo dyes, figureFileSmall=nSuTSgkltnEGjcPdvmMVkw==, figureFileBig=kGUcpIRIRshOe586HLtMuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463282451095, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=图1, caption=13种偶氮类工业染料总离子流图

注: 色谱峰1~13依次为: 苏丹红B、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、罗丹明B、对位红、苏丹红Ⅱ、碱性橙2、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹橙G、碱性橙21、苏丹红Ⅰ、碱性橙22。

, figureFileSmall=nSuTSgkltnEGjcPdvmMVkw==, figureFileBig=kGUcpIRIRshOe586HLtMuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463370531482, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Response of azo industrial dyes in different concentrations of formic acid solutions (n=3), figureFileSmall=/JSBnY58ETwv1mnNpj5A1w==, figureFileBig=0fjE4gcjRPHuo525nFu5TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463592829594, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同浓度甲酸溶液中偶氮类工业染料响应(n=3), figureFileSmall=/JSBnY58ETwv1mnNpj5A1w==, figureFileBig=0fjE4gcjRPHuo525nFu5TA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463672521371, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Optimization of extraction solvent (n=3), figureFileSmall=8Q//gGUcaCrN1yn/9D23SQ==, figureFileBig=axan5dfM5oc8e/W5wygf5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463727047324, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=图3, caption=提取溶剂的优化(n=3), figureFileSmall=8Q//gGUcaCrN1yn/9D23SQ==, figureFileBig=axan5dfM5oc8e/W5wygf5Q==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985463798350493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 0.3 5 95
2.0 0.3 5 95
5.0 0.3 90 10
7.0 0.3 90 10
7.5 0.3 5 95
10.0 0.3 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1177985463894819486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 0.3 5 95
2.0 0.3 5 95
5.0 0.3 90 10
7.0 0.3 90 10
7.5 0.3 5 95
10.0 0.3 5 95
), ArticleFig(id=1177985463978705567, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Mass spectrum parameters of 13 kinds of industrial azo dyes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 去簇电压/V 碰撞电压/eV
苏丹红Ⅰ 249.2 156.1*
260.1
90 48
27
苏丹红Ⅱ 277.1 121.2*
156.1
90 37
30
苏丹红Ⅲ 353.2 77.3*
156.1
90 39
26
苏丹红Ⅳ 381.2 91.2*
198.0
90 35
27
苏丹红B 381.1 91.2*
106.1
90 39
28
罗丹明B 443.2 399.2*
385.1
90 28
39
苏丹红G 279.2 156.2*
123.1
90 27
33
苏丹红7B 380.2 183.1*
142.2
90 36
31
对位红 297.3 156.4*
277.1
90 33
27
苏丹橙G 215.2 121.8*
169.1
90 44
34
碱性橙2 213.1 94.1*
77.1
90 55
60
碱性橙21 315.1 270.1*
285.4
90 38
35
碱性橙22 391.3 299.3*
220.2
90 29
38
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464087757472, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

13种偶氮类工业染料质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 去簇电压/V 碰撞电压/eV
苏丹红Ⅰ 249.2 156.1*
260.1
90 48
27
苏丹红Ⅱ 277.1 121.2*
156.1
90 37
30
苏丹红Ⅲ 353.2 77.3*
156.1
90 39
26
苏丹红Ⅳ 381.2 91.2*
198.0
90 35
27
苏丹红B 381.1 91.2*
106.1
90 39
28
罗丹明B 443.2 399.2*
385.1
90 28
39
苏丹红G 279.2 156.2*
123.1
90 27
33
苏丹红7B 380.2 183.1*
142.2
90 36
31
对位红 297.3 156.4*
277.1
90 33
27
苏丹橙G 215.2 121.8*
169.1
90 44
34
碱性橙2 213.1 94.1*
77.1
90 55
60
碱性橙21 315.1 270.1*
285.4
90 38
35
碱性橙22 391.3 299.3*
220.2
90 29
38
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464184226465, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Optimization results of mass ratio of sample, water and anhydrous magnesium sulfate (n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 回收率
平均值/%
1:1:1 1:1.5:1.5 1:2:2
苏丹红Ⅰ 52.3 66.4 63.5
苏丹红Ⅱ 44.2 48.4 49.5
苏丹红Ⅲ 51.3 48.7 49.6
苏丹红Ⅳ 42.5 49.6 48.9
苏丹红B 65.3 78.2 73.4
罗丹明B 70.3 72.5 71.2
苏丹红G 38.9 45.2 44.8
苏丹红7B 40.1 44.8 42.9
对位红 53.6 55.7 56.1
苏丹橙G 71.2 76.9 75.4
碱性橙2 44.8 59.6 57.2
碱性橙21 69.8 75.4 71.5
碱性橙22 70.3 68.7 66.9
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464284889762, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品、水与无水硫酸镁质量比优化结果(n=3)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 回收率
平均值/%
1:1:1 1:1.5:1.5 1:2:2
苏丹红Ⅰ 52.3 66.4 63.5
苏丹红Ⅱ 44.2 48.4 49.5
苏丹红Ⅲ 51.3 48.7 49.6
苏丹红Ⅳ 42.5 49.6 48.9
苏丹红B 65.3 78.2 73.4
罗丹明B 70.3 72.5 71.2
苏丹红G 38.9 45.2 44.8
苏丹红7B 40.1 44.8 42.9
对位红 53.6 55.7 56.1
苏丹橙G 71.2 76.9 75.4
碱性橙2 44.8 59.6 57.2
碱性橙21 69.8 75.4 71.5
碱性橙22 70.3 68.7 66.9
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464368775843, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Table of membrane adsorption evaluation results

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 过滤后与过滤前化合物响应比值
尼龙 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯
苏丹红Ⅰ 0.73 0.69 0.81
苏丹红Ⅱ 0.68 0.71 0.65
苏丹红Ⅲ 0.66 0.69 0.71
苏丹红Ⅳ 0.85 0.78 0.78
苏丹红B 0.94 0.96 0.92
罗丹明B 0.84 0.71 0.83
苏丹红G 0.98 0.95 0.97
苏丹红7B 0.95 0.93 0.91
对位红 0.94 0.92 0.94
苏丹橙G 0.75 0.71 0.78
碱性橙2 0.95 0.98 0.94
碱性橙21 0.93 0.92 0.95
碱性橙22 0.89 0.93 0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464452661924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

滤膜吸附性评价结果表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 过滤后与过滤前化合物响应比值
尼龙 聚四氟乙烯 聚丙烯
苏丹红Ⅰ 0.73 0.69 0.81
苏丹红Ⅱ 0.68 0.71 0.65
苏丹红Ⅲ 0.66 0.69 0.71
苏丹红Ⅳ 0.85 0.78 0.78
苏丹红B 0.94 0.96 0.92
罗丹明B 0.84 0.71 0.83
苏丹红G 0.98 0.95 0.97
苏丹红7B 0.95 0.93 0.91
对位红 0.94 0.92 0.94
苏丹橙G 0.75 0.71 0.78
碱性橙2 0.95 0.98 0.94
碱性橙21 0.93 0.92 0.95
碱性橙22 0.89 0.93 0.92
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464523965093, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Matrix effects of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in 3 kinds of spice matrices

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 花椒 八角 五香粉
苏丹红Ⅰ 0.65 0.70 0.74
苏丹红Ⅱ 0.60 0.68 0.70
苏丹红Ⅲ 0.65 0.71 0.76
苏丹红Ⅳ 0.61 0.67 0.69
苏丹红B 0.48 0.57 0.46
罗丹明B 0.75 0.72 0.71
苏丹红G 0.56 0.65 0.57
苏丹红7B 0.81 0.75 0.73
对位红 0.71 0.77 0.70
苏丹橙G 0.45 0.56 0.51
碱性橙2 0.78 0.81 0.69
碱性橙21 0.74 0.68 0.72
碱性橙22 0.70 0.66 0.64
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464599462566, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

13种偶氮类工业染料在3种香辛料基质中的基质效应

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 花椒 八角 五香粉
苏丹红Ⅰ 0.65 0.70 0.74
苏丹红Ⅱ 0.60 0.68 0.70
苏丹红Ⅲ 0.65 0.71 0.76
苏丹红Ⅳ 0.61 0.67 0.69
苏丹红B 0.48 0.57 0.46
罗丹明B 0.75 0.72 0.71
苏丹红G 0.56 0.65 0.57
苏丹红7B 0.81 0.75 0.73
对位红 0.71 0.77 0.70
苏丹橙G 0.45 0.56 0.51
碱性橙2 0.78 0.81 0.69
碱性橙21 0.74 0.68 0.72
碱性橙22 0.70 0.66 0.64
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464653988519, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Linear ranges, limits of detection and limits of quantitation of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 线性相关性(r2) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
苏丹红Ⅰ 2~50 Y=2.53152e4X-4071.5 0.993 5.0 15.0
苏丹红Ⅱ 1~50 Y=5.56781e4X-3014.2 0.998 2.5 7.5
苏丹红Ⅲ 1~50 Y=5.17415e4X-2589.2 0.997 2.5 7.5
苏丹红Ⅳ 4~100 Y=1.37415e4X +1245.7 0.997 10.0 30.0
苏丹红B 1~100 Y=4.72214e4X-2071.3 0.995 2.5 7.5
罗丹明B 0.5~50.0 Y=1.1425e5X-6115.2 0.990 1.0 3.0
苏丹红G 1~50 Y=4.91558e4X-3697.2 0.992 2.5 7.5
苏丹红7B 1~50 Y=5.17458e4X-3247.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
对位红 4~100 Y=1.13258e4X-2145.6 0.994 10.0 30.0
苏丹橙G 4~100 Y=1.72365e4X-1258.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
碱性橙2 0.5~50.0 Y=1.3569e5X-4578.6 0.993 1.0 3.0
碱性橙21 4~100 Y=9.25745e3X-1258.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
碱性橙22 0.5~50.0 Y=1.3569e5X-4578.6 0.993 1.0 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464725291688, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

13种偶氮类工业染料线性范围、检出限与定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性范围/(ng/mL) 线性方程 线性相关性(r2) 检出限/(μg/kg) 定量限/(μg/kg)
苏丹红Ⅰ 2~50 Y=2.53152e4X-4071.5 0.993 5.0 15.0
苏丹红Ⅱ 1~50 Y=5.56781e4X-3014.2 0.998 2.5 7.5
苏丹红Ⅲ 1~50 Y=5.17415e4X-2589.2 0.997 2.5 7.5
苏丹红Ⅳ 4~100 Y=1.37415e4X +1245.7 0.997 10.0 30.0
苏丹红B 1~100 Y=4.72214e4X-2071.3 0.995 2.5 7.5
罗丹明B 0.5~50.0 Y=1.1425e5X-6115.2 0.990 1.0 3.0
苏丹红G 1~50 Y=4.91558e4X-3697.2 0.992 2.5 7.5
苏丹红7B 1~50 Y=5.17458e4X-3247.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
对位红 4~100 Y=1.13258e4X-2145.6 0.994 10.0 30.0
苏丹橙G 4~100 Y=1.72365e4X-1258.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
碱性橙2 0.5~50.0 Y=1.3569e5X-4578.6 0.993 1.0 3.0
碱性橙21 4~100 Y=9.25745e3X-1258.6 0.993 2.5 7.5
碱性橙22 0.5~50.0 Y=1.3569e5X-4578.6 0.993 1.0 3.0
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464800789161, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Average recovery and precision of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加浓度
水平/(μg/kg)
平均回收率/% (RSDs/%)
花椒 八角 五香粉
苏丹红Ⅰ 15、30、150 83.1 (7.9)、87.4 (6.1)、91.3 (5.7) 81.4 (7.5)、83.1 (6.8)、88.4 (5.4) 80.6 (7.9)、84.1 (3.5)、87.3 (4.4)
苏丹红Ⅱ 7.5、15.0、75.0 86.8 (8.5)、89.7 (4.8)、91.6 (5.9) 87.9 (5.1)、90.3 (3.9)、95.2 (5.2) 81.4 (8.5)、84.6 (6.4)、89.6 (5.0)
苏丹红Ⅲ 7.5、15.0、75.0 82.6 (6.5)、85.4 (6.2)、88.9 (4.8) 87.2 (7.6)、91.2 (4.9)、94.2 (7.1) 80.6 (5.6)、84.9 (5.1)、91.7 (4.2)
苏丹红Ⅳ 30、60、300 80.9 (4.7)、83.8 (5.9)、88.4 (6.6) 85.1 (8.1)、89.3 (5.6)、92.4 (4.7) 78.6 (6.9)、82.8 (5.5)、86.3 (5.1)
苏丹红B 7.5、15.0、75.0 90.1 (7.1)、94.2 (5.2)、95.5 (4.1) 93.7 (4.9)、95.9 (3.7)、98.2 (2.8) 85.4 (6.2)、89.6 (4.6)、93.6 (3.9)
罗丹明B 3、6、30 95.7 (4.8)、98.6 (3.6)、99.5 (1.5) 92.5 (5.9)、97.8 (4.4)、98.6 (3.1) 88.9 (6.5)、92.5 (7.5)、94.5 (2.8)
苏丹红G 7.5、15.0、75.0 78.5 (6.5)、83.6 (3.8)、86.7 (2.9) 76.4 (5.7)、79.3 (5.1)、83.2 (7.2) 83.1 (4.9)、86.2 (3.4)、88.6 (4.9)
苏丹红7B 7.5、15.0、75.0 76.2 (6.2)、81.4 (4.8)、85.6 (5.1) 79.3 (6.4)、82.3 (5.1)、89.2 (2.4) 75.9 (6.9)、78.3 (6.4)、81.2 (2.6)
对位红 30、60、300 81.6 (8.1)、82.2 (5.1)、87.3 (6.4) 85.6 (7.2)、89.9 (4.7)、96.2 (4.1) 78.1 (3.7)、82.5 (3.7)、89.6 (6.9)
苏丹橙G 7.5、15.0、75.0 93.5 (6.1)、98.7 (2.6)、102.4 (7.1) 85.4 (3.9)、89.6 (3.7)、92.6 (2.4) 88.7 (5.9)、94.4 (1.8)、94.7 (2.6)
碱性橙2 3、6、30 75.7 (6.8)、81.2 (4.3)、89.4 (2.2) 79.6 (3.5)、87.2 (3.2)、90.3 (4.2) 76.3 (4.7)、80.1 (5.6)、90.6 (2.8)
碱性橙21 7.5、15.0、75.0 86.4 (3.6)、90.1 (5.1)、98.3 (2.8) 90.1 (4.3)、95.6 (2.7)、98.4 (3.6) 82.5 (4.7)、87.5 (3.9) 94.9 (3.6)
碱性橙22 3、6、30 87.3 (3.9)、91.2 (4.8)、99.6 (2.1) 92.5 (4.4)、98.7 (2.9)、97.8 (4.3) 85.6 (2.5)、91.3 (2.8)、96.7 (1.4)
), ArticleFig(id=1177985464880480938, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986581187781273, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

13种偶氮类工业染料平均回收率与精密度(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 添加浓度
水平/(μg/kg)
平均回收率/% (RSDs/%)
花椒 八角 五香粉
苏丹红Ⅰ 15、30、150 83.1 (7.9)、87.4 (6.1)、91.3 (5.7) 81.4 (7.5)、83.1 (6.8)、88.4 (5.4) 80.6 (7.9)、84.1 (3.5)、87.3 (4.4)
苏丹红Ⅱ 7.5、15.0、75.0 86.8 (8.5)、89.7 (4.8)、91.6 (5.9) 87.9 (5.1)、90.3 (3.9)、95.2 (5.2) 81.4 (8.5)、84.6 (6.4)、89.6 (5.0)
苏丹红Ⅲ 7.5、15.0、75.0 82.6 (6.5)、85.4 (6.2)、88.9 (4.8) 87.2 (7.6)、91.2 (4.9)、94.2 (7.1) 80.6 (5.6)、84.9 (5.1)、91.7 (4.2)
苏丹红Ⅳ 30、60、300 80.9 (4.7)、83.8 (5.9)、88.4 (6.6) 85.1 (8.1)、89.3 (5.6)、92.4 (4.7) 78.6 (6.9)、82.8 (5.5)、86.3 (5.1)
苏丹红B 7.5、15.0、75.0 90.1 (7.1)、94.2 (5.2)、95.5 (4.1) 93.7 (4.9)、95.9 (3.7)、98.2 (2.8) 85.4 (6.2)、89.6 (4.6)、93.6 (3.9)
罗丹明B 3、6、30 95.7 (4.8)、98.6 (3.6)、99.5 (1.5) 92.5 (5.9)、97.8 (4.4)、98.6 (3.1) 88.9 (6.5)、92.5 (7.5)、94.5 (2.8)
苏丹红G 7.5、15.0、75.0 78.5 (6.5)、83.6 (3.8)、86.7 (2.9) 76.4 (5.7)、79.3 (5.1)、83.2 (7.2) 83.1 (4.9)、86.2 (3.4)、88.6 (4.9)
苏丹红7B 7.5、15.0、75.0 76.2 (6.2)、81.4 (4.8)、85.6 (5.1) 79.3 (6.4)、82.3 (5.1)、89.2 (2.4) 75.9 (6.9)、78.3 (6.4)、81.2 (2.6)
对位红 30、60、300 81.6 (8.1)、82.2 (5.1)、87.3 (6.4) 85.6 (7.2)、89.9 (4.7)、96.2 (4.1) 78.1 (3.7)、82.5 (3.7)、89.6 (6.9)
苏丹橙G 7.5、15.0、75.0 93.5 (6.1)、98.7 (2.6)、102.4 (7.1) 85.4 (3.9)、89.6 (3.7)、92.6 (2.4) 88.7 (5.9)、94.4 (1.8)、94.7 (2.6)
碱性橙2 3、6、30 75.7 (6.8)、81.2 (4.3)、89.4 (2.2) 79.6 (3.5)、87.2 (3.2)、90.3 (4.2) 76.3 (4.7)、80.1 (5.6)、90.6 (2.8)
碱性橙21 7.5、15.0、75.0 86.4 (3.6)、90.1 (5.1)、98.3 (2.8) 90.1 (4.3)、95.6 (2.7)、98.4 (3.6) 82.5 (4.7)、87.5 (3.9) 94.9 (3.6)
碱性橙22 3、6、30 87.3 (3.9)、91.2 (4.8)、99.6 (2.1) 92.5 (4.4)、98.7 (2.9)、97.8 (4.3) 85.6 (2.5)、91.3 (2.8)、96.7 (1.4)
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超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料
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王小贺 , 吕卓 , 袁磊 * , 徐长根 , 陈若渝 , 林芳
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025,16(4): 194-202
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:现代分析仪器在食品检测中的应用 2025, 16(4): 194-202
超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料
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王小贺 , 吕卓, 袁磊* , 徐长根, 陈若渝, 林芳
作者信息
  • 陕西省食品药品检验研究院, 西安 710000
  • 王小贺(1973—), 男, 主管技师, 主要研究方向为食品药品质量安全检验研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 袁磊(1987—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检测与方法研究。E-mail:
Rapid detection of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Xiao-He WANG , Zhuo LV, Lei YUAN* , Chang-Gen XU, Ruo-Yu CHEN, Fang LIN
Affiliations
  • Shanxi Institute for Food and Drug Control, Xi'an 710000, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203006
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目的 建立超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定香辛料中非法添加的13种偶氮类工业染料(苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ、苏丹红B、罗丹明B、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、对位红、苏丹橙G、碱性橙2、碱性橙21和碱性橙22)的方法。方法 样品用水浸润后, 经酸化乙腈(含1%乙酸)超声提取, 无水硫酸镁与氯化钠辅助净化, 浓缩后, 以乙腈-0.10%甲酸水溶液为流动相, 梯度洗脱, C18色谱柱(2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 µm)分离, 采用电喷雾多反应监测、正离子模式测定, 对香辛料中的13种偶氮类工业染料进行定性测定, 外标法定量。结果 13种偶氮类工业染料分别在质量浓度0.5~50.0、1~50或4~100 ng/mL范围内线性关系良好, 相关系数(r2)均大于0.99; 检出限可达1.0~10.0 µg/kg, 定量限可达3.0~30.0 µg/kg。在1倍定量限、2倍定量限与10倍定量限浓度水平的平均加标回收率为75.7%~102.4%, 相对标准偏差均低于10% (n=6)。结论 该方法前处理简便, 具有快速、准确、灵敏的优点, 适用于对香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料的快速筛查与定量检测, 以期为偶氮类工业染料的非法添加监管提供强有力的技术支撑。

香辛料  /  偶氮类工业染料  /  超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法  /  快速检测

Objective To establish a method for simultaneous determination of 13 kinds of illegally added azo industrial dyes (Sudan red I, Sudan red II, Sudan red III, Sudan red IV, Sudan red B, rhodamine B, Sudan red G, Sudan red 7B, para red, Sudan orange G, basic orange 2, basic orange 21, and basic orange 22) in spices using ultra performance liquid chromatography tandem mass spectrometry. Methods After the sample was soaked with water, it was extracted with acidified acetonitrile (containing 1% acetic acid) by ultrasonic extraction, and purified with anhydrous magnesium sulfate and sodium chloride. After concentration, acetonitrile-0.10% formic acid aqueous solution was used as mobile phase, gradient elution, C18 chromatographic column (2.1 mm×150 mm, 1.7 µm) separation, electrospray multi reaction monitoring and positive ion mode determination were used to qualitatively determine 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices, and external standard method was used for quantitative determination. Results The 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes showed good linear relationships within the mass concentration ranges of 0.5-50.0, 1-50, or 4-100 ng/mL, with correlation coefficients (r2) all greater than 0.99; the limits of detection could reach 1.0-10.0 µg/kg, and the limits of quantification could reach 3.0-30.0 µg/kg. The average spiked recovery rates at 1-fold, 2-fold, and 10 fold concentration levels were 75.7% to 102.4%, with relative standard deviations below 10% (n=6). Conclusion This method has the advantages of simple pretreatment, rapid, accurate, and sensitive, and is suitable for rapid screening and quantitative detection of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices, in order to provide strong technical support for the supervision of illegal addition of azo industrial dyes.

spices  /  azo industrial dyes  /  ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry  /  rapid detection
王小贺, 吕卓, 袁磊, 徐长根, 陈若渝, 林芳. 超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法快速检测香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 194 -202 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203006
Xiao-He WANG, Zhuo LV, Lei YUAN, Chang-Gen XU, Ruo-Yu CHEN, Fang LIN. Rapid detection of 13 kinds of azo industrial dyes in spices by ultra performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 194 -202 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203006
偶氮染料是以芳香类化合物为原料, 经化学合成且在分子中含有偶氮基团(-N=N-)的一类工业合成的染料[1-3]。与其他合成染料相比较, 偶氮染料中的偶氮基团发色能力较好, 且颜色基本覆盖了整个色系, 光稳定性好, 色泽鲜艳、价格低廉且不易褪色, 在毛皮制品、塑料、纺织品、木制品、橡胶及陶瓷制品、绘画染料等工业领域得到广泛应用[4-5]。由于偶氮染料的化学结构中均存在偶氮基团, 可通过皮肤或食品进入人体, 在消化系统作用下, 分解产生具有致癌性的芳香胺, 进一步作用改变人体的DNA结构引起病变和诱发癌症[6-9]。近年来, 一些食品生产经营者为了使食品的颜色看起来鲜亮、新鲜, 以次充好, 在外观上能更加吸引消费者, 在其中添加偶氮类工业染料, 如在辣椒粉、辣椒酱与禽蛋等食品中添加苏丹红与罗丹明B[10-12], 黄花鱼中添加碱性橙[13], 豆制品中添加碱性嫩黄[14]等。
目前, 欧盟理事会、美国联邦法典等其他国家的法律法规对偶氮染料在食品中的使用都做了明确的限制[15], 自2008以年, 我国卫生部先后发布了6批《食品中可能违法添加的非食用物质和易滥用的食品添加剂品种名单》, 碱性嫩黄、苏丹红等多种偶氮类工业染料被列入。
食用香辛料是在日常烹饪食品与食品工业中使用最频繁的物质, 其质量安全也备受关注。香辛料受品种、产地等的影响, 等级也不尽相同, 价格差异较大, 不法商家使⽤偶氮染料掺假, 以改善香辛料外观, 谋取利益, 如2011年的重庆的毒花椒事件[16]。针对香辛料非法添加偶氮类工业染料的问题, 市场监督管理部门不断增加打击手段与力度, 在技术上, 市场监管局、出入境与农业农村部陆续发布了多个食品中合成染料的检测方法, 如GB/T 19681—2005《食品中苏丹红染料的检测方法 高效液相色谱法》、BJS 202204《豆制品中碱性嫩黄等11种工业染料的测定》等, 但针对香辛料基质中偶氮染料的的检测方法较少, 且存在检测高风险化合物较少, 通用性不强, 无法覆盖检测方法外的化合物, 造成较大的监管漏洞。
国内外对食品中偶氮类工业染料的检测方法有较多研究, 主要为液相色谱法[17-18]、高效液相色谱-串联质谱法[19-20]、液相色谱飞行时间质谱法[21-22]与电化学法[23]等, 但对于香辛料, 采用上述方法检测存在诸多问题, 研究表明, 由于其基质复杂, 高效液相色谱法会出现假阳性的问题; 液相色谱飞行时间质谱法分析速度快、质量检测范围宽、分辨率及离子传输率高, 在快速筛查分析方面应用较多, 可建立标准质谱图库, 将组分的质谱图与标准质谱图匹配, 再进一步分析确认, 但无法对目标物的含量进行准确定量; 液相色谱串联-质谱法灵敏度高、抗干扰能力强, 对于香辛料中偶氮类工业染料的检测应用较多, 但基质中的蛋白质、挥发油、黄酮类、生物碱、甾醇等物质[24-25]会产生基质效应, 对检测灵敏度和准确度有较大的影响, 因此优化前处理, 降低基质效应是检测过程的关键。目前, 对于香辛料基质, 常用的前处理方法主要有直接提取法[26]、凝胶渗透色谱(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, GPC)法[27]、固相萃取法[28]与QuEChERS法[29], 直接提取法操作简单, 但是需要使用大量的有机溶剂, 除杂与净化能力较差; GPC法净化效果彻底, 但需配备高昂的的净化设备; 固相萃取法净化效果较好, 但操作步骤多, 耗时长, 部分项目回收率偏低; QuEChERS法操作简单, 但是填料种类较固定, 对目标物的选择性不高, 对脂溶性化合物检测时回收率偏低[30]
鉴于此, 本研究以违法添加较多的13种偶氮类工业染料为研究对象, 利用超高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 通过对前处理与检测条件的优化, 建立了香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料的快速检测方法, 以期为偶氮染料的非法添加监管提供强有力的技术支撑。
TRIPLE QUADTM 4500型超高效液相色谱-质谱联用仪(配有电喷雾离子源及Analyst Software数据处理系统, 美国SCIEX公司); Frontier FC5718R型冷冻离心机(奥豪斯国际贸易上海有限公司); XPE105型电子分析天平(精度0.01 mg, 德国赛多利斯公司); FA2104型电子分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 上海衡平仪器仪表有限公司); WIGGENS Vortex 3000-Elite涡旋振荡器(维根技术北京有限公司); YTQX-5200DE型超声波清洗器(上海叶拓科技有限公司); CMDS-12型氮吹仪(北京成萌伟业科技有限公司); GWB-1T型超纯水仪(北京普析通用仪器有限责任公司); ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱(150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm, 美国Waters公司)。
甲醇、乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 乙酸、硫酸镁、氯化钠(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 甲酸(色谱纯, 德国默克尔公司); 甲酸铵、乙酸铵(色谱纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); 苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ混合标准溶液(质量浓度为100 μg/mL, 天津阿尔塔科技有限公司); 苏丹红B标准品(纯度99.8%, 上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); 罗丹明B、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、对位红、苏丹橙G、碱性橙2、碱性橙21、碱性橙22(纯度均大于98%, 德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer公司)。
花椒、八角、香辛料等阴性基质样品(经检测不含偶氮类工业染料), 购自农贸市场。
色谱柱为ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 (150 mm×2.1 mm, 1.7 μm); 柱温为35 ℃; 进样量为2 μL; 流动相A为乙腈, 流动相B为0.10%甲酸水, 梯度洗脱, 洗脱程序见表1
离子源为电喷雾离子源(正离子模式); 扫描方式为多反应监测; 离子化电压为5500 V, 脱溶剂温度为550 ℃, 气帘气压力为240 kPa, 辅助加热气压力为380 kPa, 雾化气压力为380 kPa。各化合物母离子、定量离子、定性、去簇电压及碰撞能量见表2
准确吸取苏丹红Ⅰ、苏丹红Ⅱ、苏丹红Ⅲ、苏丹红Ⅳ混合标准溶液1 mL, 用乙腈稀释, 配制成质量浓度为1 μg/mL的标准溶液。
准确称取苏丹红B、苏丹红G、苏丹红7B、对位红、苏丹橙G、碱性橙2、碱性橙21、碱性橙22各10 mg(精确至0.01 mg), 用丙酮溶解, 乙腈定容, 混匀, 制成100 μg/mL的标准储备液, 再用乙腈稀释至1 μg/mL的标准溶液。
准确吸取一定体积的上述标准溶液, 用空白基质提取液配制成一系列浓度水平的基质标曲工作溶液。
称取混合均匀的样品2 g(精确至0.001 g)置于50 mL聚丙烯离心管中, 加入3 mL水, 振荡, 使样品全部浸湿, 静置10 min, 再加入10 mL酸化乙腈(含1%乙酸), 涡旋混匀1 min, 超声提取10 min, 再加入3 g无水硫酸镁, 1 g氯化钠, 涡旋混合1 min, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 取2 mL上清液至氮吹管中, 40 ℃氮气浓缩至近干, 精密加入1 mL乙腈复溶, 4 ℃下10000 r/min离心5 min, 上清液供超高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析。
空白基质提取液制备: 取阴性样品, 按上述方法进行。
采用美国AB SCIEX公司数据采集与定量分析工作站进行数据进行定性、定量分析, 采用外标法定量, WPS Office 2021版软件作图表。
偶氮类工业染料都含有偶氮基团, 部分化合物中还包含了氯元素、硫元素等, 在电喷雾离子源正离子模式下容易形成[*M]+或[*M+H]+的分子离子峰。通过质谱进样针直接进样, 对偶氮类工业染料分子离子峰进行质谱扫描, 确定母离子质核比, 再优化碰撞能量等参数。优选丰度比最高子离子作为检测的定量离子, 丰度比次级的子离子作为检测的定性离子。优化时发现, 苏丹红Ⅰ两个定性离子分别为249.2>128.1、249.2>260.1, 丰度比前者高于后者, 在检测基质时, 由于249.2>128.1的基线较高, 且存在基质干扰的情况, 为保证定性准确, 选择了249.2>260.1作为定性离子, 其他均无干扰情况。优化后的质谱参数见表2
依据国家发布的偶氮类工业染料检测标准与目前发表的研究论文, 均采用了C18色谱柱进行色谱分离[31-32], 常用色谱柱长度规格有50、100、150 mm, 内径规格有2.1 mm、2.0 mm, 粒径规格有2.7、2.1、1.8、1.7 μm, 对不同规格色谱柱检测13种偶氮类工业染料的分离度进行了测试, 由于苏丹红Ⅳ与苏丹红B为同分异构体, 经实验, 仅有柱长为150 mm, 内径为2.1 mm, 粒径为1.7 μm的色谱柱能使同分异构体与其他偶氮类工业染料实现基线分离, 并对上述规格的Agilent SB-C18、Thermo AcclaimTM C18、Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18 3个品牌的色谱柱分离度进行比较, Waters ACQUITY UPLC BEH C18色谱柱的分离度最优, 结果如图1所示, 13种化合物均达到了较好的分离。
优化质谱条件扫描模式为电喷雾离子源正离子模式, 因此流动相的水相采用纯水、0.1%甲酸水溶液、5 mol/L甲酸铵水溶液、5 mol/L乙酸铵水溶液、含有0.1%甲酸的5 mol/L甲酸铵或乙酸铵水溶液, 考察各化合物的响应与分离度。结果表明, 含有甲酸铵或乙酸铵的水相, 碱性橙2、碱性橙21、碱性橙22响应有所增强, 其他化合物的响应值下降明显; 甲酸水溶液峰型较纯水水相峰型窄, 响应高, 且分离度优。有机相选择甲醇或乙腈, 调节水相中甲酸的含量分别为0.05%、0.10%、0.20%, 比较化合物的响应值。结果如图2所示, 与甲醇相比, 乙腈的洗脱能力强, 分析效率高, 化合物也可达到基线分离, 水相中甲酸含量为0.10%时, 化合物响应与灵敏度最高, 故确定流动相体系组成为乙腈和0.10%的甲酸水溶液。并对洗脱程序进行了优化。优化后的程序见表1
13种偶氮类工业染料均为脂溶性化合物, 难溶于水, GB/T 19681—2005、BJS 202204等国家标准与文献报道[29-32]中常用的提取溶剂有乙腈、正己烷、乙酸乙酯、丙酮。采用基质加标的方法对提取溶剂的提取效率进行了考察: 模拟偶氮类染料的添加方式, 称取一定量的阴性样品, 向样品中加入使化合物含量为50 μg/kg的标准溶液, 放置或加热使溶剂挥发, 加入上述提取溶剂进行提取, 采用溶剂标准曲线进行定量, 计算目标化合物的回收率。结果如图3, 通过比较上述提取溶剂发现: 乙腈能够有效沉淀基质中的蛋白质, 也无法溶解挥发油等物质, 提取的非目标物较少, 13种偶氮类工业染料的回收率最高, 为45%~70%; 丙酮提取样品中物质较多, 基质效应也较大, 乙酸乙酯与正己烷, 提取效率较低, 需经过多次提取才能提高回收率, 因此选择乙腈作为提取溶剂。但回收率仍不符合标准GB/T 27404—2008《实验室质量控制规范 食品理化检测》的技术要求。
13种偶氮类工业染料均为碱性化合物或呈碱性化合物性质, 向提取溶剂中加入一定量的酸可调节提取溶剂的pH, 有助于偶氮染料在提取溶剂中的溶解性, 也会抑制在提取过程中可能发生的副反应, 使其结构和性质不受影响, 有效增加提取效率[33-34]。经研究, 向提取液中添加体积比为1%乙酸可使提取效率达到最高。同时, 向样品中加入提取溶剂前, 加入一定量的水, 使样品浸湿与溶胀, 也可有效提高目标物的回收率。由于不同样品对水的吸收程度不同, 且乙腈与水互溶, 导致提取溶剂的计算体积发生变化, 检测结果不准确, 因此需除去提取溶剂中多于的水。
样品前处理常用的吸水试剂主要为无水乙酸钠与无水硫酸镁, 1 mol无水硫酸镁可吸收7 mol水转化为七水硫酸镁, 即1 g无水硫酸镁可吸收1.05 g水, 1 mol无水乙酸钠可吸收3 mol水转化为三水乙酸钠, 即1 g无水乙酸钠可吸收0.665 g水, 单位质量无水硫酸镁的吸水性大于无水乙酸钠, 因此, 选择无水硫酸镁作为吸水剂, 并对样品、水与无水硫酸镁质量比进行了考察。考察采用空白基质加标的方式, 加标量为50 μg/kg, 每个比例重复3次, 采用溶剂标曲定量, 计算加标回收率及平均值, 结果见表3。结果表明, 当样品、水与无水硫酸镁的质量比为1:1.5:1.5时(样品质量为2 g), 多数化合物回收率达到最高。
实验室常用的有机滤膜对染料有一定的吸附作用[29], 因此考察了实验室常用的尼龙、聚四氟乙烯与聚丙烯材质的0.22 μm滤膜对13种偶氮类工业染料的吸附性。选取质量浓度为20 ng/mL的13种偶氮类工业染料混合标准溶液, 采用上述材料的滤膜进行过滤, 对过滤前与过滤后溶液进行检测, 比较两者在仪器上的响应, 以过滤后与过滤前化合物响应的比值对滤膜的吸附性进行评价。由表4的结果可以看出, 3种有机滤膜对苏丹红Ⅰ~苏丹红Ⅳ、罗丹明B与苏丹橙G有一定的吸附作用, 故采用低温高速离心的方式代替过滤去除提取液中大颗粒杂质。
本研究通过比较溶剂标准曲线与基质标准曲线的斜率来考察基质效应的影响。选择花椒、八角、五香粉空白样品制备空白基质溶液, 并用其配制一定浓度的系列标准溶液, 上机检测, 绘制标准曲线得到基质标准曲线斜率, 与相同浓度的溶剂标准曲线斜率进行比较, 当比值大于1时, 表示基质对目标化有增强效应, 当比值小于1时, 表示基质对目标化有抑制效应, 当比值接近1时, 表示基质对目标化合物无影响或影响较小。对13种偶氮类工业染料在3种香辛料基质中的基质效应进行了考察和评价。表5结果表明, 3种香辛料基质对13种偶氮染料检测均出现了不同程度的抑制效应, 因此, 采用基质标准曲线方法对目标物进行定量分析。
向花椒阴性基质中加入一定量的标准溶液, 按照样品前处理的方法处理样品, 以13种偶氮染料定性离子信噪比(S/N)≥3的含量为检出限, 以定性离子信噪比(S/N) ≥10的含量为定量限。以定量限对应的基质标准浓度为最低点, 配制一系列基质标准曲线浓度点, 上机检测, 以质量浓度为横坐标, 目标化合物定量离子的峰面积为纵坐标, 绘制标准曲线。结果表明, 13种偶氮类工业染料在一定浓度范围内呈线性, 线性相关系数均大于0.99。浓度范围、检出限及定量限实验结果见表6, 满足实验要求。
采用加标回收实验来评价方法的准确度和精密性。分别以花椒、八角、五香粉为阴性基质, 向其中分别添加含量为1倍定量限、2倍定量限与10倍定量限3个水平的标准溶液, 每个浓度水平重复做6次, 计算平均加标回收率和相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD), 其结果见表7。结果表明, 13种偶氮类工业染料在3个浓度水平的平均回收率范围为75.7%~102.4%, RSDs均低于10%。说明本方法稳定, 测定结果准确, 可以满足检测分析的要求。
采用本研究建立的方法, 对陕西省国省抽任务中的36批预包装香辛料样品与市售24批散装香辛料样品进行检测, 其中1批市售散装花椒中检测出罗丹明B, 含量为18.7 μg/kg, 其余均未检出。因此, 有必要对香辛料中的偶氮类工业染料进行监控, 从而保证其质量安全。
本研究针对香辛料中非法添加偶氮类工业染料的问题, 建立了高效液相色谱-串联质谱法同时测定香辛料中13种偶氮类工业染料的快速检测方法, 样品经水溶胀, 酸化乙腈提取, 无水硫酸镁除水, 氯化钠辅助沉淀与分层, 即可有效去除了样品中蛋白质、挥发油等杂质的干扰, 无需用固相萃取、GPC、QuEChERS等方式净化, 操作简便快捷、降低了试剂的消耗。同时, 通过方法学考察, 方法的检出限、定量限、线性范围、回收率和精密度等技术指标均能满足我国相关标准要求, 方法具有较高的重现性和可操作性, 能满足对香辛料中偶氮类工业染料的定性和定量分析要求, 为香辛料的安全监管提供了一种有效的技术手段。
本研究建立的快速检测方法, 主要应用于香辛料中脂溶性偶氮类工业染料的检测, 除添加风险较高的13种外, 也可扩展应用于溶剂红1、中性红、碱性品红等其他脂溶性偶氮类工业染料的检测, 加标回收率可达65%以上, 但其在香辛料中风险较低, 未进行深入研究。对于水溶性偶氮类工业染料, 其化学性质与脂溶性偶氮类工业染料差异较大, 用本方法检测时, 回收率偏低, 主要原因为基质效应有较大影响, 需通过一定的净化方法, 检测方法还需做进一步的研究。
  • 陕西省食品药品安全监测重点实验室项目
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2025年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241203006
  • 接收时间:2024-12-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-12-03
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陕西省食品药品安全监测重点实验室项目
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    陕西省食品药品检验研究院, 西安 710000

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* 袁磊(1987—), 男, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品药品安全检测与方法研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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