Article(id=1153986587122717583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241121002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1732118400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061442403, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061442403, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061442403, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061442403, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=145, endPage=152, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986587814777757, articleId=1153986587122717583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Analysis of water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus collected in different producing areas, columnId=1153986583259767470, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Quality Analysis and Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods for water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal, and to analyze the effects of producing areas and climatic conditions on the kinds and content of sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal. Methods High performance liquid chromatography equipped with a refractive index detector was performed to analyze maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose in Cyperus esculentus meal. Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm) sugar-analyzing column was used with a column temperature of 85 °C and a mobile phase of pure water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The D-galactouronic acid in Cyperus esculentus meal was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. XBridge® Amide 3.5 μm amino column was used with the column temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase of 0.2% triethylamine water-acetonitrile (20:80, V:V) was used with the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, and the gas pressure was 40 psi, drift tube temperature was 82 ℃ and the gain of 800. Results An analytical method for 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars in soybean oil was established, which had good accuracy and precision. The limits of detection of the 7 kinds of water soluble sugars were 0.02-0.05 μg and the limits of quantification were 0.06-0.10 μg. The content of 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars, including maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, and D-galactouronic acid in 186 samples from 11 Provinces and regions were analyzed based on the method. The total sugar content in the Cyperus esculentus meal samples ranged from 11.10% to 25.51%, with significant differences among different regions. Samples from Northeast, North, and Northwest of China were higher than those from Southern China. The water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal were mainly sucrose, accounting for 65.48% to 75.85% of total sugar. In addition, maltose, raffinose, and D-galactouronic acid had high content, ranging from 1.01%-2.93%, 0.37%-1.09%, and 1.94%-2.53%, respectively, accounting for 9.11%-12.73%, 1.62%-6.37%, and 7.95%-17.75% of the total sugar content. The content of D-glucose and D-fructose was 0.01%-1.07% and 0.02%-0.78%, respectively, accounting for 0.07%-4.21% and 0.17%-3.28% of the total sugar content, respectively. Except for the samples from Heilongjiang Province, a few amount of D-galactose was also detected in most of other samples. Conclusion This study establish an analysis method for sugar content in Cyperus esculentus meal and investigated the content of water soluble sugars in samples from different producing areas. This provides a basis for breeding and planting research of Cyperus esculentus, and also can offer the guideline to the deep processing of Cyperus esculentus and the preparation and application of carbohydrates.

, correspAuthors=Xu-Hui ZHUANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Hong-Juan CHEN, Xiao-Hong LUO, Nan-Xi WANG, Yong-Tan YANG, Hao ZHANG, Yu-Pei LINGHU, Jin-Xiu XIAO, Xu-Hui ZHUANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986611026055517, articleId=1153986587122717583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同产地油莎豆中水溶性糖分析, columnId=1153986583435928240, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品品质分析与评价, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立油莎豆水溶性糖的定性和定量方法, 分析产地和气候环境条件对油莎豆中水溶性糖的种类及其含量的影响。方法 采用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器分析油莎豆中的麦芽糖、棉子糖、蔗糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和D-果糖, Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm)糖分析色谱柱, 柱温85 ℃, 流动相为一级水, 流速0.3 mL/min。采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析油莎豆中的D-半乳糖醛酸, XBridge® Amide 3.5 μm氨基柱, 柱温40 ℃, 0.2%三乙胺水-乙腈(20:80, V:V)为流动相, 流速0.6 mL/min, 检测器气压40 psi, 漂移管温度82 ℃, 增益800。结果 建立了油莎豆中的7种水溶性糖的分析方法, 具有较好的准确度和精密度, 7种水溶性糖的检出限为0.02~0.05 μg, 定量限为0.06~0.10 μg。基于该方法对11省区186个样品中的麦芽糖、棉子糖、蔗糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和D-果糖及D-半乳糖醛酸等7种水溶性糖的含量进行分析。油莎豆样品中的总糖含量在11.10%~25.51%之间, 不同产地差异较大, 其中东北、华北和西北地区的样品高于南方地区。油莎豆中的水溶性糖主要是蔗糖, 占65.48%~75.85%, 麦芽糖、棉子糖和D-半乳糖醛酸的含量较高, 分别为1.01%~2.93%、0.37%~1.09%和1.94%~2.53%, 占总糖含量的9.11%~12.73%、1.62%~6.37%和7.95%~17.75%。D-葡萄糖和D-果糖含量分别为0.01%~1.07%和0.02%~0.78%, 占总糖含量的0.07%~4.21%和0.17%~3.28%。除黑龙江的样品外, 其他样品中都能检测出少量D-半乳糖。结论 本研究建立了油莎豆中水溶性糖的分析方法, 研究了不同产地样品中水溶性糖的含量, 为油莎豆的育种和种植研究提供依据, 同时也可指导油莎豆的深加工和碳水化合物的制备与应用。

, correspAuthors=庄绪会, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 庄绪会(1983—), 男, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为粮食中碳水化合物结构和功能研究。E-mail:
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陈红娟(1989—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为色谱分析技术开发。E-mail:

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陈红娟(1989—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为色谱分析技术开发。E-mail:

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陈红娟(1989—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为色谱分析技术开发。E-mail:

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Changsha: Hunan Agricultural University, 2013., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177985450322047140, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=50, authorNames=黄思, journalName=油莎豆茎尖培养体系的构建及高效栽培技术研究, refType=null, unstructuredReference=黄思. 油莎豆茎尖培养体系的构建及高效栽培技术研究[D]. 武汉: 华中农业大学, 2015., articleTitle=null, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1177985450384961701, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2015, volume=null, issue=null, pageStart=null, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=51, authorNames=HUANG S, journalName=The construction of the stem tip culture system and study of efficient cultivation technology in Chufa, refType=null, unstructuredReference=HUANG S. The construction of the stem tip culture system and study of efficient cultivation technology in Chufa[D]. 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Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102200, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1177985443141398574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, companyId=1177985443112038444, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.北京农学院食品科学与工程学院, 北京 102200)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1177985445674758241, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Content of the water soluble sugars obtained by different extraction solvents, figureFileSmall=EnvA2frlH77IRgbrLGI5ww==, figureFileBig=5Zsmf8F8XPq8AEZt3LlZnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985445804781666, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=图1, caption=不同提取溶剂获得水溶性糖的含量, figureFileSmall=EnvA2frlH77IRgbrLGI5ww==, figureFileBig=5Zsmf8F8XPq8AEZt3LlZnQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985445905444963, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=HPLC-RID chromatograms of 6 kinds of water soluble sugar standards (a) and separation degree of 5 kinds of chromatographic peaks from Malt to D-gal (b), figureFileSmall=ItpGpm2rp9+KTZxV7uUe2A==, figureFileBig=vCw2BPlxa3qQzlml7G9QSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985446010302564, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=图2, caption=6种水溶性糖标准溶液HPLC-RID色谱图(a)及Malt至D-gal之间5个色谱峰的分离度(b)

注: P1. Malt, P2. Raff, P3. Sucr, P4. D-glc, P5. D-gal, P6. D-fru; P1P2、P2P3、P3P4、P4P5分别为P1与P2、P2与P3、P3与P4、P4与P5之间的分离度。

, figureFileSmall=ItpGpm2rp9+KTZxV7uUe2A==, figureFileBig=vCw2BPlxa3qQzlml7G9QSA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985446085800037, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Average distribution of major water-soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meals under different regions and climatic conditions, figureFileSmall=wwinkXftA8e/0SmzeT410A==, figureFileBig=kqqQoiL1Js3gvLXTgUQ3MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985446157103206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=图3, caption=油莎豆中主要水溶性糖在不同地区和气候条件下的平均分布

注: a. Sucr; b. Malt; c. D-gal A; d. 总糖; 1. 温带大陆性干旱气候; 2. 温带大陆性季风气候; 3. 西南亚热带季风气候; 4. 亚热带低纬山地季风气候; 5. 中亚热带湿润季风气候; 6. 温带季风气候; 7. 温带半干旱大陆性季风气候; 8. 中温带湿润季风气候。

, figureFileSmall=wwinkXftA8e/0SmzeT410A==, figureFileBig=kqqQoiL1Js3gvLXTgUQ3MA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985446291320935, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Producing areas and climatic conditions for Cyperus esculentus

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 采集地址 种植区域气候
喀什、和田 温带大陆性干旱气候
衡水、保定 温带季风气候
商丘 温带季风气候
潍坊、东营、菏泽、聊城 温带季风气候
邵阳、湘潭 中亚热带湿润季风气候
吴忠、石嘴山、固原 温带大陆性季风气候
保山 西南亚热带季风气候、亚热带低纬山地季风气候
赤峰、鄂尔多斯 温带大陆性季风气候、温带半干旱大陆性季风气候
大庆 温带大陆性季风气候
辽阳、阜新 温带大陆性季风气候
松原、白城、四平 温带大陆性季风气候、中温带大陆性季风气候
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446371012712, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

油莎豆采集区域和气候条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 采集地址 种植区域气候
喀什、和田 温带大陆性干旱气候
衡水、保定 温带季风气候
商丘 温带季风气候
潍坊、东营、菏泽、聊城 温带季风气候
邵阳、湘潭 中亚热带湿润季风气候
吴忠、石嘴山、固原 温带大陆性季风气候
保山 西南亚热带季风气候、亚热带低纬山地季风气候
赤峰、鄂尔多斯 温带大陆性季风气候、温带半干旱大陆性季风气候
大庆 温带大陆性季风气候
辽阳、阜新 温带大陆性季风气候
松原、白城、四平 温带大陆性季风气候、中温带大陆性季风气候
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446438121577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Investigation of the analytical method of 7 kinds of water soluble sugars

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
水溶性糖 线性范围/μg 精密度/% 准确度/% 检出限/μg 定量限/μg 加标回收率/%
Malt 7.00~70.00 3.31 3.01 0.05 0.10 101.50
Raff 7.00~70.00 2.66 2.50 0.02 0.08 98.90
Sucr 21.00~210.00 2.00 2.12 0.02 0.06 110.32
D-glc 7.00~70.00 1.83 2.01 0.02 0.08 101.23
D-gal 7.00~70.00 1.79 1.63 0.02 0.06 99.80
D-fru 7.00~70.00 1.35 1.27 0.02 0.06 105.60
D-gal A 7.00~70.00 1.21 1.22 0.02 0.06 100.41
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446492647530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

7种水溶性糖分析方法考察

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水溶性糖 线性范围/μg 精密度/% 准确度/% 检出限/μg 定量限/μg 加标回收率/%
Malt 7.00~70.00 3.31 3.01 0.05 0.10 101.50
Raff 7.00~70.00 2.66 2.50 0.02 0.08 98.90
Sucr 21.00~210.00 2.00 2.12 0.02 0.06 110.32
D-glc 7.00~70.00 1.83 2.01 0.02 0.08 101.23
D-gal 7.00~70.00 1.79 1.63 0.02 0.06 99.80
D-fru 7.00~70.00 1.35 1.27 0.02 0.06 105.60
D-gal A 7.00~70.00 1.21 1.22 0.02 0.06 100.41
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446559756395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Content of the water soluble sugars and the total sugar in the Cyperus esculentus samples produced at different areas (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 Malt Raff Sucr D-glc D-gal D-fru D-gal A 总糖
2.03±0.99 0.56±0.39 14.98±3.50 0.64±2.89 0.06±0.10 0.19±0.24 2.30±0.30 20.76±3.14
2.47±0.50 0.97±0.43 14.83±1.57 0.12±0.13 0.19±0.05 0.09±0.12 2.13±0.17 20.80±2.53
2.37±0.56 0.97±0.42 16.71±2.27 0.27±0.23 0.12±0.11 0.17±0.13 1.94±0.14 22.55±2.93
2.93±0.47 1.09±0.42 16.08±2.12 0.29±0.23 0.03±0.08 0.31±0.18 2.27±0.16 23.00±2.63
1.01±1.14 0.71±0.43 7.27±1.60 0.01±0.02 0.12±0.10 0.02±0.03 1.97±0.21 11.10±2.14
2.69±0.57 1.03±0.49 15.94±2.41 0.13±0.11 0.02±0.08 0.14±0.11 2.46±0.25 22.42±2.99
1.55±1.05 0.67±0.48 11.46±4.03 0.39±0.49 0.04±0.08 0.41±0.52 2.40±0.15 16.91±4.77
2.68±0.73 0.95±0.40 16.11±1.48 0.22±0.16 0.02±0.07 0.25±0.10 2.53±0.17 22.77±1.60
2.49±0.66 0.59±0.62 12.81±2.80 0.60±0.43 0.00±0.00 0.42±0.20 2.23±0.24 19.14±3.70
1.66±1.29 0.57±0.54 19.35±7.44 1.07±1.50 0.06±0.11 0.78±0.89 2.03±0.13 25.51±8.68
2.40±0.41 0.37±0.41 15.99±7.19 0.87±1.06 0.19±0.11 0.75±0.60 2.30±0.14 22.87±8.55
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446626865260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同产地油莎豆中水溶性糖及总糖含量范围(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
产地 Malt Raff Sucr D-glc D-gal D-fru D-gal A 总糖
2.03±0.99 0.56±0.39 14.98±3.50 0.64±2.89 0.06±0.10 0.19±0.24 2.30±0.30 20.76±3.14
2.47±0.50 0.97±0.43 14.83±1.57 0.12±0.13 0.19±0.05 0.09±0.12 2.13±0.17 20.80±2.53
2.37±0.56 0.97±0.42 16.71±2.27 0.27±0.23 0.12±0.11 0.17±0.13 1.94±0.14 22.55±2.93
2.93±0.47 1.09±0.42 16.08±2.12 0.29±0.23 0.03±0.08 0.31±0.18 2.27±0.16 23.00±2.63
1.01±1.14 0.71±0.43 7.27±1.60 0.01±0.02 0.12±0.10 0.02±0.03 1.97±0.21 11.10±2.14
2.69±0.57 1.03±0.49 15.94±2.41 0.13±0.11 0.02±0.08 0.14±0.11 2.46±0.25 22.42±2.99
1.55±1.05 0.67±0.48 11.46±4.03 0.39±0.49 0.04±0.08 0.41±0.52 2.40±0.15 16.91±4.77
2.68±0.73 0.95±0.40 16.11±1.48 0.22±0.16 0.02±0.07 0.25±0.10 2.53±0.17 22.77±1.60
2.49±0.66 0.59±0.62 12.81±2.80 0.60±0.43 0.00±0.00 0.42±0.20 2.23±0.24 19.14±3.70
1.66±1.29 0.57±0.54 19.35±7.44 1.07±1.50 0.06±0.11 0.78±0.89 2.03±0.13 25.51±8.68
2.40±0.41 0.37±0.41 15.99±7.19 0.87±1.06 0.19±0.11 0.75±0.60 2.30±0.14 22.87±8.55
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446689779821, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Water soluble sugar content in Cyperus esculentus meal samples produced under different climatic conditions (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气候条件 Malt Raff Sucr D-glc D-gal D-fru D-gal A 总糖
温带大陆性干旱气候 2.03±0.99 0.56±0.39 14.98±3.50 0.64±2.89 0.06±0.10 0.19±0.24 2.30±0.30 20.76±3.14
温带季风气候 2.56±0.54 1.00±0.42 15.64±2.03 0.20±0.20 0.13±0.10 0.17±0.16 2.12±0.20 21.81±2.78
中亚热带湿润季风气候 1.01±1.14 0.71±0.43 7.27±1.60 0.01±0.02 0.12±0.10 0.02±0.03 1.97±0.21 11.10±2.14
温带大陆性季风气候 2.42±0.83 0.79±0.57 15.55±4.34 0.47±0.73 0.02±0.07 0.35±0.44 2.30±0.28 21.91±4.99
西南亚热带季风气候 1.56±1.11 0.53±0.49 12.26±4.47 0.53±0.51 0.05±0.09 0.56±0.53 2.39±0.11 17.89±5.25
亚热带低纬山地季风气候 1.51±1.03 1.05±0.18 9.24±0.40 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 2.42±0.26 14.21±1.09
温带半干旱大陆性季风气候 2.68±0.73 0.95±0.40 16.11±1.48 0.22±0.16 0.02±0.07 0.25±0.10 2.53±0.17 22.77±1.60
中温带大陆性季风气候 2.40±0.41 0.37±0.41 15.99±7.19 0.87±1.06 0.19±0.11 0.75±0.60 2.30±0.14 22.87±8.55
), ArticleFig(id=1177985446756888686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986587122717583, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同气候条件产油莎豆中水溶性糖含量范围(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
气候条件 Malt Raff Sucr D-glc D-gal D-fru D-gal A 总糖
温带大陆性干旱气候 2.03±0.99 0.56±0.39 14.98±3.50 0.64±2.89 0.06±0.10 0.19±0.24 2.30±0.30 20.76±3.14
温带季风气候 2.56±0.54 1.00±0.42 15.64±2.03 0.20±0.20 0.13±0.10 0.17±0.16 2.12±0.20 21.81±2.78
中亚热带湿润季风气候 1.01±1.14 0.71±0.43 7.27±1.60 0.01±0.02 0.12±0.10 0.02±0.03 1.97±0.21 11.10±2.14
温带大陆性季风气候 2.42±0.83 0.79±0.57 15.55±4.34 0.47±0.73 0.02±0.07 0.35±0.44 2.30±0.28 21.91±4.99
西南亚热带季风气候 1.56±1.11 0.53±0.49 12.26±4.47 0.53±0.51 0.05±0.09 0.56±0.53 2.39±0.11 17.89±5.25
亚热带低纬山地季风气候 1.51±1.03 1.05±0.18 9.24±0.40 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 0.00±0.00 2.42±0.26 14.21±1.09
温带半干旱大陆性季风气候 2.68±0.73 0.95±0.40 16.11±1.48 0.22±0.16 0.02±0.07 0.25±0.10 2.53±0.17 22.77±1.60
中温带大陆性季风气候 2.40±0.41 0.37±0.41 15.99±7.19 0.87±1.06 0.19±0.11 0.75±0.60 2.30±0.14 22.87±8.55
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不同产地油莎豆中水溶性糖分析
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陈红娟 1 , 罗晓宏 1 , 王楠希 1 , 杨永坛 1 , 张浩 1 , 令狐羽珮 2 , 肖巾秀 2 , 庄绪会 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025,16(4): 145-152
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025, 16(4): 145-152
不同产地油莎豆中水溶性糖分析
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陈红娟1 , 罗晓宏1, 王楠希1, 杨永坛1, 张浩1, 令狐羽珮2, 肖巾秀2, 庄绪会1, *
作者信息
  • 1.国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院, 北京 100037
  • 2.北京农学院食品科学与工程学院, 北京 102200
  • 陈红娟(1989—), 女, 工程师, 主要研究方向为色谱分析技术开发。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 庄绪会(1983—), 男, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为粮食中碳水化合物结构和功能研究。E-mail:
Analysis of water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus collected in different producing areas
Hong-Juan CHEN1 , Xiao-Hong LUO1, Nan-Xi WANG1, Yong-Tan YANG1, Hao ZHANG1, Yu-Pei LINGHU2, Jin-Xiu XIAO2, Xu-Hui ZHUANG1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Academy of National Food and Strategic Reserves Administration, Beijing 100037, China
  • 2. Food Science and Engineering College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102200, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241121002
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目的 建立油莎豆水溶性糖的定性和定量方法, 分析产地和气候环境条件对油莎豆中水溶性糖的种类及其含量的影响。方法 采用高效液相色谱-示差折光检测器分析油莎豆中的麦芽糖、棉子糖、蔗糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和D-果糖, Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm)糖分析色谱柱, 柱温85 ℃, 流动相为一级水, 流速0.3 mL/min。采用高效液相色谱-蒸发光散射检测器分析油莎豆中的D-半乳糖醛酸, XBridge® Amide 3.5 μm氨基柱, 柱温40 ℃, 0.2%三乙胺水-乙腈(20:80, V:V)为流动相, 流速0.6 mL/min, 检测器气压40 psi, 漂移管温度82 ℃, 增益800。结果 建立了油莎豆中的7种水溶性糖的分析方法, 具有较好的准确度和精密度, 7种水溶性糖的检出限为0.02~0.05 μg, 定量限为0.06~0.10 μg。基于该方法对11省区186个样品中的麦芽糖、棉子糖、蔗糖、D-葡萄糖、D-半乳糖和D-果糖及D-半乳糖醛酸等7种水溶性糖的含量进行分析。油莎豆样品中的总糖含量在11.10%~25.51%之间, 不同产地差异较大, 其中东北、华北和西北地区的样品高于南方地区。油莎豆中的水溶性糖主要是蔗糖, 占65.48%~75.85%, 麦芽糖、棉子糖和D-半乳糖醛酸的含量较高, 分别为1.01%~2.93%、0.37%~1.09%和1.94%~2.53%, 占总糖含量的9.11%~12.73%、1.62%~6.37%和7.95%~17.75%。D-葡萄糖和D-果糖含量分别为0.01%~1.07%和0.02%~0.78%, 占总糖含量的0.07%~4.21%和0.17%~3.28%。除黑龙江的样品外, 其他样品中都能检测出少量D-半乳糖。结论 本研究建立了油莎豆中水溶性糖的分析方法, 研究了不同产地样品中水溶性糖的含量, 为油莎豆的育种和种植研究提供依据, 同时也可指导油莎豆的深加工和碳水化合物的制备与应用。

油莎豆  /  水溶性糖  /  高效液相色谱法  /  D-半乳糖醛酸

Objective To establish the qualitative and quantitative methods for water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal, and to analyze the effects of producing areas and climatic conditions on the kinds and content of sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal. Methods High performance liquid chromatography equipped with a refractive index detector was performed to analyze maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, and D-fructose in Cyperus esculentus meal. Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm) sugar-analyzing column was used with a column temperature of 85 °C and a mobile phase of pure water at a flow rate of 0.3 mL/min. The D-galactouronic acid in Cyperus esculentus meal was analyzed with high performance liquid chromatography equipped with an evaporative light scattering detector. XBridge® Amide 3.5 μm amino column was used with the column temperature of 40 °C. The mobile phase of 0.2% triethylamine water-acetonitrile (20:80, V:V) was used with the flow rate of 0.6 mL/min, and the gas pressure was 40 psi, drift tube temperature was 82 ℃ and the gain of 800. Results An analytical method for 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars in soybean oil was established, which had good accuracy and precision. The limits of detection of the 7 kinds of water soluble sugars were 0.02-0.05 μg and the limits of quantification were 0.06-0.10 μg. The content of 7 kinds of water-soluble sugars, including maltose, raffinose, sucrose, D-glucose, D-galactose, D-fructose, and D-galactouronic acid in 186 samples from 11 Provinces and regions were analyzed based on the method. The total sugar content in the Cyperus esculentus meal samples ranged from 11.10% to 25.51%, with significant differences among different regions. Samples from Northeast, North, and Northwest of China were higher than those from Southern China. The water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus meal were mainly sucrose, accounting for 65.48% to 75.85% of total sugar. In addition, maltose, raffinose, and D-galactouronic acid had high content, ranging from 1.01%-2.93%, 0.37%-1.09%, and 1.94%-2.53%, respectively, accounting for 9.11%-12.73%, 1.62%-6.37%, and 7.95%-17.75% of the total sugar content. The content of D-glucose and D-fructose was 0.01%-1.07% and 0.02%-0.78%, respectively, accounting for 0.07%-4.21% and 0.17%-3.28% of the total sugar content, respectively. Except for the samples from Heilongjiang Province, a few amount of D-galactose was also detected in most of other samples. Conclusion This study establish an analysis method for sugar content in Cyperus esculentus meal and investigated the content of water soluble sugars in samples from different producing areas. This provides a basis for breeding and planting research of Cyperus esculentus, and also can offer the guideline to the deep processing of Cyperus esculentus and the preparation and application of carbohydrates.

Cyperus esculentus  /  water soluble sugar  /  high performance liquid chromatography  /  D-galactouronic acid
陈红娟, 罗晓宏, 王楠希, 杨永坛, 张浩, 令狐羽珮, 肖巾秀, 庄绪会. 不同产地油莎豆中水溶性糖分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 145 -152 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241121002
Hong-Juan CHEN, Xiao-Hong LUO, Nan-Xi WANG, Yong-Tan YANG, Hao ZHANG, Yu-Pei LINGHU, Jin-Xiu XIAO, Xu-Hui ZHUANG. Analysis of water soluble sugars in Cyperus esculentus collected in different producing areas[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 145 -152 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241121002
油莎豆又名虎坚果[1-2], 莎草科莎草属多年生草本植物油莎豆(Cyperus esculentus)的块茎[2-3], 是一种优质、高产、综合利用价值很高的集油、粮、牧、饲于一体的多用新型作物[4]。油莎豆原产于地中海地区, 现广泛分布于非洲、欧洲、亚洲、北美洲和拉丁美洲的热带亚热带地区[5]。其性喜温暖、阳光、湿润气候, 耐温、耐盐碱、耐旱、耐瘠, 适合在疏松的土壤或砂土上成长[6], 20世纪50年代在我国开始引种[7], 目前在我国西北、华北、东北和西南等地均有种植[4]。油莎豆含有22.14%~44.92%油脂、3.28%~8.45%蛋白、23.21%~48.12%淀粉、8.26%~15.47%纤维和1.60%~2.60%灰分[8-9]。此外, 还含有多酚[10]、多糖[11-12]、有机酸[10]、维生素[13]和甾体[14-15]等活性物质, 可制作成饮料[16]、保健食品[11]及烘焙食品[17]等, 应用前景广阔。
油莎豆含有丰富的油脂、淀粉和膳食纤维, 目前主要用于榨油[18-20]和生产淀粉[20]。油莎豆中丰富的单糖、二糖等水溶性糖类物质被认为是油莎豆中油脂、淀粉和纤维等生物合成的间接底物[21-23], 对油莎豆生长过程中的油脂、淀粉和纤维等营养物质的积累有重要作用。研究证明, 油莎豆中的水溶性糖主要为蔗糖, 还含有果糖和葡萄糖[24], 及由葡萄糖和木糖组成的膳食纤维低聚糖[25]等, 在我国油莎豆种植分布广, 气候条件差别大, 不同产区的油莎豆中油脂、淀粉、膳食纤维等营养物质含量差别较大[26], 故推测不同气候条件的产区收获的油莎豆水溶性糖种类和含量也各异。
本研究采用高效液相色谱法建立水溶性糖的定性和定量分析方法, 对我国11个省区油莎豆样品中的水溶性糖进行分析, 研究种植区域、气候条件等生长因素与油莎豆水溶性糖之间的关系, 为深入理解不同种植区域油莎豆中的油脂、淀粉和蛋白等营养物质生物合成底物的分布规律、加工特性等提供数据支撑。
标准品: D-葡萄糖(D-glucose, D-glc)(纯度99%)、D-半乳糖(D-galactose, D-gal)(纯度99%)、麦芽糖(maltose, Malt)(纯度95%)、蔗糖(sucrose, Sucr)(纯度99.9%)、棉子糖(raffinose, Raff)(纯度99%)(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); D-半乳糖醛酸(D-galacturonic acid, D-gal A)(纯度≥97%, 北京博奥拓达科技有限公司); D-果糖(D-fructose, D-fru)(生化纯, 国药集团上海化学试剂有限公司)。
乙腈(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 三乙胺(纯度99.5%, 上海吉至生化科技有限公司); 无水甲醇、无水乙醇(分析纯, 天津市富宁精细化工有限公司); 色谱实验及水溶液配制使用自制的实验室一级水。
油莎豆样品: 186个油莎豆样品于2023年10月7日—11月15日期间分别采自新疆(新)、河北(冀)、河南(豫)、山东(鲁)、湖南(湘)、宁夏(宁)、云南(云)、内蒙古(蒙)、黑龙江(黑)、辽宁(辽)和吉林(吉)等11个省区, 室外自然晒干后粉碎, 过50目筛, 采用索氏提取方法提取油脂, 残渣真空干燥, 提取水溶性糖, 进行分析。油莎豆的采集信息如表1所示。
Waters e2695高效液相色谱仪(high performance liquid chromatography, HPLC)[配有示差折光检测器(refractive index detector, RID)和蒸发光散射检测器(evaporative light scattering detector, ELSD)]、氨基柱XBridge® Amide (250 mm× 4.6 mm, 3.5 μm) (美国沃特世公司); 糖分析色谱柱Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm)(美国伯乐公司); XS105电子天平(精度0.1 mg, 美国梅特勒-托利多公司); KQ-100E超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司)。
随机选取1个样品, 准确称取10 mg, 分别使用10 mL甲醇、90%乙醇、80%乙醇、70%乙醇、50%乙醇和一级水超声提取30 min, 过滤, 滤液浓缩并定容至1 mL, 过0.22 μm膜后取50 μL注入HPLC-RID, 分析提取液中的Malt、Raff、Sucr、D-glc和D-fru含量, 另取50 μL注入HPLC-ELSD, 计算D-gal A的含量, 通过比较各种水溶性糖的含量选择提取溶剂。
分别称取5 mg Malt、Raff、Sucr、D-glc、D-fru、D-gal和D-gal A, 使用一级水溶解, 定容至2 mL, 过0.22 μm膜后取50 μL注入HPLC-RID, 采用Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm× 7.8 mm)糖分析色谱柱, 流动相为一级水, 分别考察流速为0.3、0.4、0.5、0.6、0.7、0.8 mL/min和柱温为45、55、65、75、80、85 ℃的分析条件, 通过比较Malt、Raff、Sucr、D-glc、D-fru和D-gal色谱峰之间的分离度优化分析方法。
参考文献[27]的方法, 适当修改。准确称取Malt、Raff、D-glc、D-gal和D-fru各25 mg, Sucr 75 mg, 使用一级水定容至25 mL, 分别量取7、5、3、1 mL溶液定容至10 mL, 配成不同浓度的标准溶液。各取70 μL注入到HPLC-RID, 根据各标准物质的浓度对应的峰面积绘制标准曲线。
准确称取油莎豆粉末样品10 mg, 使用10 mL一级水在室温超声提取30 min, 过滤, 滤液真空浓缩, 定容至1 mL, 过0.22 μm膜后取70 μL注入HPLC-RID分析, 通过与标准溶液色谱峰面积比较使用外标法计算提取溶液中不同单糖的浓度(C)。
色谱条件: Aminex® HPX-87C (300 mm×7.8 mm)糖分析色谱柱, 外接柱温箱(温度波动≤±0.5 ℃)柱温85 ℃; 流动相为一级水, 流速0.3 mL/min; RID, 内部温度50 ℃; 运行时间30 min。
准确称取D-gal A 25 mg, 一级水溶解后分别配制质量浓度为2.50、2.00、1.50、1.00、0.50、0.25 mg/mL的标准溶液, 各取70 μL注入到HPLC-ELSD, 根据标准溶液的浓度对应的峰面积绘制标准曲线。
供试样制备方法同1.3.2, 过0.22 μm膜后取70 μL注入HPLC-ELSD分析, 通过与标准溶液色谱峰面积比较使用外标法计算提取溶液中D-gal A的浓度。
色谱条件: XBridge® Amide (250 mm×4.6 mm, 3.5 μm)氨基柱, 柱温40 ℃; 流动相为0.2%三乙胺水:乙腈=20:80 (V:V), 流速0.6 mL/min; ELSD, 漂移管温度82 ℃, 增益800, 气体压力40 psi; 运行时间40 min。
可溶性糖的含量通过样品溶液浓度(Cn)、溶液体积(V)和样品称重(m)由式(1)计算获得, 总糖含量为测得不同单糖含量的加和, 计算方法如式(2)。
$X_{n}=\frac{C_{n} \times V}{m} \times\left(1-X_{\mathrm{o}}\right) \times 100 \%$
Xt=∑nXn
式中: Xn为样品中某一种单糖的含量, %; Cn为供试溶液中某一种单糖的质量浓度, mg/mL; V为供试溶液体积, mL; m为油莎豆样品称重, g; Xo为油莎豆样品中的粗脂肪含量, %; Xt为油莎豆样品中的总糖含量, %。
实验结果使用Microsoft Excel 2010软件进行线性回归, 分析方法考察实验重复6次, 在样品分析中每个样品分析3次, 不同区域或气候条件下的样品水溶性糖含量采用平均值±标准偏差表示, 数据绘图采用Origin 9.0软件。
不同溶剂提取液中水溶性糖的含量如图1所示。
甲醇提取液中各种糖和总糖含量在所有提取溶剂中均为最低。随着乙醇浓度的降低, 总糖含量总体呈上升趋势, 其中60%乙醇提取物中Sucr含量最高(16.78%), 其他糖的含量尤其是D-gal A (2.02%)低于水提取物, 总糖含量也以水提取物中含量最高(20.61%)。因此, 样品中的水溶性糖采用一级水提取。
对6种水溶性糖混合标准溶液的HPLC-RID进行分析, 色谱图如图2a所示, 由于D-fru (P6)与其他5种糖的保留时间相距较远, 因此以其他5种糖色谱峰之间的分离度为考察指标对色谱分析的流速和柱温进行优化, 5种糖的分离度如图2b所示。
流动相流量和柱温对色谱峰的分离效果有较大影响, 流动相流量为0.3 mL/min, 柱温为85 ℃时获得5个色谱峰的分离效果最好, 此时P1P2、P2P3、P3P4和P4P5分别为0.93、0.70、1.37和0.98, 采用该方法分析中性糖。D-gal A采用HPLC-ELSD检测, 保留时间为5.2 min, 与其他组分(10~20 min)可较好地分离。
水溶性糖分析方法的线性范围、精密度和准确度等如表2所述。由于样品中的Sucr含量较高, Surc标准曲线的线性范围在21.00~210.00 μg, 其他6种水溶性糖为7.00~70.00 μg。7种水溶性糖的检出限为0.02~0.05 μg, 定量限为0.06~0.10 μg; 精密度为1.21%~3.31%, 准确度为1.22%~3.01%。方法的精密度、准确度、定量限和检出限等均较好, 可以用于油莎豆中的水溶性糖分析。
11省区油莎豆样品中水溶性糖含量见表3。油莎豆中的水溶性糖总糖含量在不同采集地区的样品中差别较大, 总体上分布在11.10%~25.51%之间。所有油莎豆中都以Sucr为主, 含量达到7.27%~19.35%, 占总糖含量的65.48%~75.85%, 与文献[24,28]报道一致, 不同的是, 油莎豆中D-glc和D-fru含量较少, 而Malt和D-gal A是所有样品中除Sucr外含量较高的水溶性糖, 含量分别达到1.01%~2.93%和1.94%~2.53%, 分别占总糖含量的9.11%~12.73%和7.95%~17.75%。Raff含量是除以上3者之外相对较高的水溶性糖, 为0.37%~1.09%, 占总糖含量的1.62%~6.37%。在所有采集的样品中, 被认为是总糖重要组成部分的D-glc和D-fru反而较少, 含量分别为0.01%~1.07%和0.02%~0.78%, 分别占总糖含量的0.07%~4.21%和0.17%~3.28%。除黑龙江的样品外, 其他样品中都能检测出D-gal, 但是基本都在总糖含量的1%以下。由于同一省区的样品采集区域跨度大, 部分省区含有多个气候条件的采样点, 导致同一省区内样品的糖含量分布较宽, 偏差较大。如在内蒙古自治区的9个样品采集区域分布有2个气候条件, 9个采集样品的D-glc含量在0.05%至0.47%之间, 导致地区D-glc含量偏差达到0.16%。
从地区分布上, 采自湖南的样品Sucr、Malt、D-glc和D-fru含量均低于其他省区, 该地区样品平均总糖含量也最低(11.10%), 而采自辽宁的样品由于Sucr、D-glc和D-fru的含量最高, 所以该地区样品平均总糖含量最高达25.51%。此外, 采自山东样品中的Raff (平均1.09%)和采自内蒙古样品中的D-gal A (平均2.53%)含量最高。北方样品中的Sucr、Malt和总糖含量高于南方地区(云南和湖南)。
油莎豆生长的气候条件是影响营养物质积累的重要因素[29]。本研究分析的油莎豆样品采自8种不同气候条件的地区, 水溶性糖含量如表4所示。中温带大陆性季风气候分布的地区油莎豆样品中总糖含量均最高, 平均总糖含量达到22.87%。其次是温带半干旱大陆性季风气候分布的华北北部(平均22.77%), 温带大陆性季风气候(平均21.91%)、温带季风气候(平均21.81%)和温带大陆性干旱气候(平均20.76%)分布的华北和西北地区(表1)也较高。从温带半干旱大陆性季风气候分布的内蒙古(平均2.53%)、亚热带低纬山地季风气候(平均2.42%)、西南亚热带季风气候(平均2.39%)分布的云南省采集的样品中有含量较高的D-gal A。亚热带低纬山地季风气候条件的地区样品中未检测到D-glc、D-gal、D-fru。中亚热带湿润季风气候和亚热带低纬山地季风气候条件下含糖量总体较低。
对不同地区和气候条件下样品中主要水溶性糖和总糖的平均分布进行分析, 发现油莎豆样品中的水溶性糖含量受到地区和气候的双重影响(如图3所示)。同为温带大陆性季风气候的宁夏、内蒙、黑龙江、吉林和辽宁等省区的Sucr、Malt、D-gal A和总糖含量有较大差别, 而内蒙古、吉林和云南等省区有不同的气候条件分布, 相应的水溶性糖含量各异。
油莎豆为阳性植物, 具有喜温性、喜光性、喜肥性和喜沙性等特点, 适合生长在黏度小, 沙粒碎的砂性土壤中, 年降水量在300~600 mm, 平均气温要求在18~30 ℃, 光照要求10 h以上, 故四季分明、湿度较小的东北、华北和西北地区主要水溶性糖和总糖含量高于湿热的南方地区[29]。而云南、内蒙古、新疆等地区D-gal A含量较高。油莎豆中水溶性糖的含量同时受区域和气候条件的影响, 其品种、肥料、田间管理、生长状态等也是重要的影响因素[30-32], 需要在后续研究中进一步深入探索。
本研究建立了油莎豆中的7种水溶性糖的分析方法, 具有较好的准确度和精密度, 检出限最低达到0.02 μg, 定量限最低达到0.06 μg。基于该方法对11省区186个样品中的Malt、Raff、Sucr、D-glc、D-fru、D-gal和D-gal A 7种水溶性糖的含量进行分析。油莎豆中主要含有Sucr, 平均含量最高19.35%, 占总糖含量的65.48%~75.85%, 还含有较高的Malt、Raff和D-gal A, 大部分样品中还含有少量D-gal。水溶性糖的含量和种类与产地及其气候有关, 尤其是产地的温度、光照等气候条件对油莎豆中糖的积累和转化有重要影响。本研究可为油莎豆的育种和种植研究提供依据, 同时也可指导油莎豆的深加工和碳水化合物的制备与应用。
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2025年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241121002
  • 接收时间:2024-11-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-21
基金
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(JY2408)
中央级公益性科研院所基本科研业务费项目(ZX2454)
乌鲁木齐市跨区域协同创新合作项目(XJWK20230010-02)
作者信息
    1.国家粮食和物资储备局科学研究院, 北京 100037
    2.北京农学院食品科学与工程学院, 北京 102200

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* 庄绪会(1983—), 男, 助理研究员, 主要研究方向为粮食中碳水化合物结构和功能研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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