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Article(id=1153433641054101635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241115004, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1731600000000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929609787, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1742832000000, pubDateStr=2025-03-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929609787, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929609787, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929609787, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433633999282214, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='6', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929608105, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758086445549, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096080, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1175062977960096081, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433633999282214, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=239, endPage=246, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433641993625769, articleId=1153433641054101635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou based on nano silver modified manganous oxide nanozyme, columnId=1153433636805271605, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Application of Enzyme Technology in Food Engineering, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To develop a colorimetric analysis method based on nanozymes, rapidly evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms (Auricularia cornea, Flammulina filiformis, and Pleurotus ostreatus) in Yangzhou. Methods Nano silver modified manganous oxide (Mn/Ag NPs) nanozyme was prepared by the hydrothermal method, and its microstructure was confirmed by various characterization methods. The total antioxidant capacity of 3 kinds of wild edible mushrooms were extracted using different solvents, and their total antioxidant capacity were evaluated by the colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme. In addition, the evaluation results were verified using the commercial 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) kit. Results The colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme achieved the rapid evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou. Total antioxidant activity was Pleurotus ostreatus>Flammulina filiformis>Auricularia cornea. Extraction efficiency of solvent was ultrapure water>mixed solvent>ethanol>ethyl acetate. Conclusion The colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme can rapidly evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou.

, correspAuthors=Xue-Chao XU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Feng CHEN, Su-Hui TAN, Lu GAO, Yi LI, Xue-Chao XU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433669038497935, articleId=1153433641054101635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=基于纳米银修饰氧化锰纳米酶评价扬州市野生食用菌的总抗氧化能力, columnId=1153433636968849465, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题：酶技术在食品工程中的应用, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 开发一种基于纳米酶的比色分析方法, 用于扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)总抗氧化能力的快速评价。方法 利用水热法制备了纳米银修饰氧化锰(nano silver modified manganous oxide, Mn/Ag NPs)纳米酶, 并通过多种表征手段确认其微观结构。利用不同溶剂提取3种野生食用菌的活性物质, 并通过基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法评价扬州市3种野生食用菌的抗氧化活性。此外, 利用商业化2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]试剂盒对评价结果进行验证。结果 基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法实现了扬州市野生食用菌总抗氧化能力的快速评价。总抗氧化活性: 糙皮侧耳>金针菇>角质木耳; 溶剂提取效果: 超纯水>混合溶剂>乙醇>乙酸乙酯。结论 基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法能够快速评价扬州市野生食用菌的抗氧化活性。

, correspAuthors=徐雪超, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 徐雪超(1991—), 男, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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陈凤(1991—), 女, 硕士, 农艺师, 主要研究方向为稻麦和蔬菜园艺作物农业技术推广。E-mail:

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陈凤(1991—), 女, 硕士, 农艺师, 主要研究方向为稻麦和蔬菜园艺作物农业技术推广。E-mail:

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陈凤(1991—), 女, 硕士, 农艺师, 主要研究方向为稻麦和蔬菜园艺作物农业技术推广。E-mail:

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注: 图B中插图为不同缓冲液pH下Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的实物图。

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注: 图A中插图为加入不同浓度维生素E的Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的实物图, 箭头表示维生素E浓度逐渐增加。

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Detection results based on spike recovery method

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 加标量
(维生素E当量)/(mg/g)		 检测量
(维生素E当量)/(mg/g)		 回收率
/%		 RSDs
(n=3)/%		 ABTS试剂盒
(Trolox当量)/(mg/g)
糙皮侧耳 0 32.7 - 3.4 31.5
20 51.8 95.50 0.5 52.9
40 73.6 102.25 1.6 70.3
), ArticleFig(id=1175086907722711125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641054101635, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

加标回收率法测试结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 加标量
(维生素E当量)/(mg/g)		 检测量
(维生素E当量)/(mg/g)		 回收率
/%		 RSDs
(n=3)/%		 ABTS试剂盒
(Trolox当量)/(mg/g)
糙皮侧耳 0 32.7 - 3.4 31.5
20 51.8 95.50 0.5 52.9
40 73.6 102.25 1.6 70.3
), ArticleFig(id=1175086907785625686, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641054101635, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Detection results of total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou based on Mn/Ag NPs+TMB reaction system

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 溶剂 检测量(维生素E当量)
/(mg/g)		 RSDs (n=3)
/%
糙皮侧耳 超纯水 32.7 2.3
乙醇 4.9 4.5
乙酸乙酯 0.7 1.2
混合溶剂 11.5 3.6
金针菇 超纯水 19.3 0.9
乙醇 4.0 4.8
乙酸乙酯 1.4 2.7
混合溶剂 8.1 1.5
角质木耳 超纯水 3.3 3.3
乙醇 0.8 4.1
乙酸乙酯 0.4 2.9
混合溶剂 2.6 1.8
), ArticleFig(id=1175086907877900375, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433641054101635, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基于Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系评价扬州市野生食用菌总抗氧化活性的检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品 溶剂 检测量(维生素E当量)
/(mg/g)		 RSDs (n=3)
/%
糙皮侧耳 超纯水 32.7 2.3
乙醇 4.9 4.5
乙酸乙酯 0.7 1.2
混合溶剂 11.5 3.6
金针菇 超纯水 19.3 0.9
乙醇 4.0 4.8
乙酸乙酯 1.4 2.7
混合溶剂 8.1 1.5
角质木耳 超纯水 3.3 3.3
乙醇 0.8 4.1
乙酸乙酯 0.4 2.9
混合溶剂 2.6 1.8
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基于纳米银修饰氧化锰纳米酶评价扬州市野生食用菌的总抗氧化能力
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陈凤 1 , 谭苏慧 2 , 高璐 2 , 李熠 2 , 徐雪超 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题：酶技术在食品工程中的应用 2025,16(6): 239-246
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题：酶技术在食品工程中的应用 2025, 16(6): 239-246
基于纳米银修饰氧化锰纳米酶评价扬州市野生食用菌的总抗氧化能力
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陈凤1 , 谭苏慧2, 高璐2, 李熠2, 徐雪超2, *
作者信息
  • 1.扬州市邗江区农作物技术推广中心, 扬州 225127
  • 2.扬州大学食品科学与工程学院, 扬州 225009

    • 陈凤(1991—), 女, 硕士, 农艺师, 主要研究方向为稻麦和蔬菜园艺作物农业技术推广。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 徐雪超(1991—), 男, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou based on nano silver modified manganous oxide nanozyme
Feng CHEN1 , Su-Hui TAN2, Lu GAO2, Yi LI2, Xue-Chao XU2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Hanjiang District Agricultural Technology Promotion Center, Yangzhou 225127, China
  • 2. School of Food Science and Engineering, Yangzhou University, Yangzhou 225009, China
出版时间: 2025-03-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241115004
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摘要
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目的 开发一种基于纳米酶的比色分析方法, 用于扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)总抗氧化能力的快速评价。方法 利用水热法制备了纳米银修饰氧化锰(nano silver modified manganous oxide, Mn/Ag NPs)纳米酶, 并通过多种表征手段确认其微观结构。利用不同溶剂提取3种野生食用菌的活性物质, 并通过基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法评价扬州市3种野生食用菌的抗氧化活性。此外, 利用商业化2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)[2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), ABTS]试剂盒对评价结果进行验证。结果 基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法实现了扬州市野生食用菌总抗氧化能力的快速评价。总抗氧化活性: 糙皮侧耳>金针菇>角质木耳; 溶剂提取效果: 超纯水>混合溶剂>乙醇>乙酸乙酯。结论 基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法能够快速评价扬州市野生食用菌的抗氧化活性。

野生食用菌  /  总抗氧化活性  /  纳米银修饰氧化锰纳米酶  /  比色反应  /  便捷评价

Objective To develop a colorimetric analysis method based on nanozymes, rapidly evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms (Auricularia cornea, Flammulina filiformis, and Pleurotus ostreatus) in Yangzhou. Methods Nano silver modified manganous oxide (Mn/Ag NPs) nanozyme was prepared by the hydrothermal method, and its microstructure was confirmed by various characterization methods. The total antioxidant capacity of 3 kinds of wild edible mushrooms were extracted using different solvents, and their total antioxidant capacity were evaluated by the colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme. In addition, the evaluation results were verified using the commercial 2,2’-azino-bis-(3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) kit. Results The colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme achieved the rapid evaluation of the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou. Total antioxidant activity was Pleurotus ostreatus>Flammulina filiformis>Auricularia cornea. Extraction efficiency of solvent was ultrapure water>mixed solvent>ethanol>ethyl acetate. Conclusion The colorimetric analysis method based on Mn/Ag NPs nanozyme can rapidly evaluate the total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou.

wild edible mushrooms  /  total antioxidant capacity  /  nano silver modified manganous oxide nanozyme  /  colorimetric reaction  /  convenient evaluation
陈凤, 谭苏慧, 高璐, 李熠, 徐雪超. 基于纳米银修饰氧化锰纳米酶评价扬州市野生食用菌的总抗氧化能力. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (6) : 239 -246 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241115004
Feng CHEN, Su-Hui TAN, Lu GAO, Yi LI, Xue-Chao XU. Evaluation of total antioxidant capacity of wild edible mushrooms in Yangzhou based on nano silver modified manganous oxide nanozyme[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (6) : 239 -246 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241115004
正文
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0 引言
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野生食用菌是在自然环境中生长并可作为食物的真菌, 具备丰富的营养价值和独特的口感, 深受广大群众喜爱[1-3]。野生食用菌含有多种天然活性物质, 如多酚类、黄酮类和维生素C等[4-6], 这些活性物质表现出卓越的抗氧化能力, 能够对抗自由基, 减少氧化应激对人体造成的损伤[7-10]。因此, 全面了解野生食用菌的抗氧化能力在膳食营养指导方面具有重要的意义。目前, 野生食用菌总抗氧化能力的测定主要依赖1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)法、2,2’-联氮-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸) [ABTS]法和还原力测定法等。首先, DPPH自由基清除法利用DPPH作为指示剂, 通过待测样品与DPPH反应后的颜色变化来评估其抗氧化能力[11]。ABTS法则利用ABTS结合过硫酸铵产生蓝绿色自由基, 并与待测样品反应, 通过测定颜色变化推断样品的抗氧化能力[12]。而还原力测定法则是利用亚铁离子(Fe2+)与三聚吡啶甲醛形成复合物, 并通过检测复合物的吸光度间接反映待测样品的总抗氧化能力[13]。虽然这些方法都在总抗氧化能力评价领域取得了很好的效果, 但在评价速度、评价成本等方面仍然存在欠缺。因此, 亟需开发新型方法, 快速、准确地评价野生食用菌的总抗氧化能力。
近年来, 纳米酶作为一种新兴的纳米材料引起了广泛关注[14-19]。纳米酶能够催化底物快速产生自由基, 例如, 类过氧化物酶纳米酶可促使过氧化氢(H2O2)分解为羟基自由基(·OH), 而类氧化酶纳米酶则可将溶解氧转换成超氧阴离子自由基(·O2-)[20-24]。这些自由基可以被抗氧剂中和, 从而间接评价目标物的总抗氧能力[25-30]。鉴于纳米酶催化底物产生自由基的便捷性与高效性, 其在便捷评估野生食用菌总抗氧活性领域具有巨大潜力。
在本研究中, 采用水热法合成了纳米银修饰氧化锰 (nano silver modified manganous oxide, Mn/Ag NPs)。Mn/Ag NPs表现出优异的类氧化酶活性, 能催化溶解氧转生成超氧阴离子自由基, 氧化3,3’,5,5’-四甲基联苯胺(3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine, TMB)生成蓝色产物。当引入抗氧化剂时, TMB显色反应能够被竞争性抑制。基于此, 本研究开发了一种基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法, 快速评估扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)的总抗氧化能力, 为这些野生食用菌的深度开发与利用提供科学依据。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料与试剂
野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)采摘自扬州市。
聚乙二醇(polyethylene glycol-200, PEG-200)、5,5-二甲基-1-吡咯啉-N-氧化物(5,5-dimethyl-1-pyrroline N-oxide, DMPO)、TMB、维生素E、磷酸氢二钠、磷酸二氢钠(分析纯, 上海阿拉丁生化科技股份有限公司); KMnO4、硝酸银(AgNO3)、乙酸乙酯、无水乙醇、乙酸钠、乙酸(分析纯, 中国医药集团有限公司); ABTS试剂盒(江苏碧云天高新技术有限公司)。
1.2 仪器与设备
D8 Advance X射线衍射仪(X-ray powder diffractometer, XRD)、A300-10/12电子顺磁共振光谱仪(electron paramagnetic resonance, EPR)(德国Bruker公司); Tecnai 12透射电子显微镜(transmission electron microscope, TEM)(荷兰Philips公司); ESCALAB 250Xi X射线电子能谱仪(X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy, XPS)、Evolution One紫外可见分光光谱仪(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司)。
1.3 实验方法
1.3.1 Mn/Ag NPs的合成
首先, 称取52.5 mg KMnO4溶解在15 mL去离子水中, 加入15 mL PEG-200, 室温下搅拌30 min。然后, 将上述溶液转移至100 mL聚四氟乙烯衬底的特氟龙水热反应釜中, 120 ℃条件下反应8 h。待自然冷却, 离心分离产物, 并使用去离子水和无水乙醇交替洗涤。最后, 将获得的中间产物Mn3O4置于40 ℃真空烘箱中干燥8 h。
将Mn3O4与AgNO3按照2:1 (W/W)溶解在30 mL去离子水中。随后, 在室温下将上述溶液搅拌16 h, 离心分离产物。最后, 将产物置于40 ℃真空烘箱中干燥8 h, 并命名为Mn/Ag NPs。
1.3.2 Mn/Ag NPs的类氧化物酶活性
本研究利用TMB显色反应探究Mn/Ag NPs的类氧化物酶活性, 具体步骤如下: 将100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液和100 μL TMB溶液(5 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加入2800 μL醋酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 4.0)。然后, 将上述溶液在室温下孵育30 min, 并通过紫外-可见分光光谱仪对反应体系的吸光度进行检测。
1.3.3 实验条件优化
反应时间优化: 将2800 μL醋酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 4.0)、100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液、100 μL TMB溶液(5 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加至离心管中, 利用紫外-可见分光光谱仪每隔2 min测定其吸光度(652 nm)。
缓冲液pH优化: 将2800 μL醋酸盐或磷酸盐缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 3.0、4.0、5.0、6.0、7.0、8.0、9.0)、100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液、100 μL TMB溶液(5 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加入离心管中, 室温下孵育30 min, 利用紫外-可见分光光谱仪测定其吸光度(652 nm)。
1.3.4 Mn/Ag NPs的稳态动力学研究
将2800 μL醋酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 4.0)、100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液、100 μL TMB溶液(0.1、1.0、2.5、5.0、10.0、20.0、30.0、40.0、50.0 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加入离心管中, 立即使用紫外-可见分光光谱仪对反应体系进行检测, 每隔30 s测定其吸光值(652 nm)。根据Michaelis-Menten方程ν=Vmax[S]/(Km+[S])计算Mn/Ag NPs的动力学参数。其中, ν代表反应速度; Vmax代表最大反应速度; [S]代表底物浓度; Km代表米氏常数[31]。
1.3.5 抗氧化剂(以维生素E为参照)标准曲线建立
将2700 μL醋酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 4.0)、100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液、100 μL不同浓度维生素E、100 μL TMB溶液(5 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加入离心管中, 室温下孵育30 min, 利用紫外-可见分光光谱仪测定其吸光度。
1.3.6 真实样品评价
本研究以扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)为研究对象。首先, 将样品子实体在50 ℃下烘干至恒重, 并研磨粉碎。然后, 利用超纯水、乙醇、乙酸乙酯以及混合溶剂[超纯水:乙醇:乙酸乙酯=1:1:1 (V:V:V)]在50 ℃下超声波辅助提取40 min, 离心(4 ℃, 8000 r/min, 10 min), 过滤, 获取上清液。重复以上操作步骤需3次, 合并上清液。最后, 旋转蒸发上清液, 定容至5 mL。
将2700 μL醋酸钠缓冲液(0.2 mol/L, pH 4.0)、100 μL Mn/Ag NPs溶液、100 μL子实体提取液、100 μL TMB溶液(5 mmol/L, 溶剂为乙醇)依次加入离心管中, 室温下孵育30 min, 利用紫外-可见分光光谱仪测定其吸光度。
1.4 数据处理
本研究采用Office Excel 2019软件进行数据处理, 采用Origin 2022软件进行图表绘制。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 Mn/Ag NPs的表征
本研究利用XRD对Mn3O4和Mn/Ag NPs的晶体结构进行了分析。如图1A所示, Mn3O4和Mn/Ag NPs的图谱基本没有差异, 这是由于Ag(卡片号: PDF#04-0783)与Mn3O4(卡片号: PDF#24-0734)的XRD特征峰高度重合。但是Mn/Ag NPs中的Ag的特征峰强度高于Mn3O4, 这表明Ag成功被负载到Mn3O4上。此外, 本研究利用TEM对Mn3O4和Mn/Ag NPs的微观结构进行了观察。如图1B和1C所示, Mn3O4和Mn/Ag NPs呈现出规则的八面体结构, 平均直径在50 nm和250 nm之间。然后, 本研究通过TEM图对Mn/Ag NPs进行表征, 如图1D所示, Ag元素在Mn3O4表面均匀分布, 进一步证实Ag成功被负载到Mn3O4上, 表明Mn/Ag NPs被成功制备。
本研究通过XPS测定Mn3O4和Mn/Ag NPs的化学组成和元素价态。如图2A所示, Mn3O4的XPS全谱图有C 1s、O 1s、Mn 2p 3个特征峰, Mn/Ag NPs的XPS全谱图有C 1s、O 1s、Mn 2p、Ag 3d 4个特征峰, 表明Ag成功被负载到Mn3O4上。Mn/Ag NPs的高分辨率Ag 3d XPS光谱如图2B所示, Ag 3d5/2和Ag 3d3/2的峰值分别位于368.11和374.09 eV。此外, Mn3O4的Mn 2p强度较Mn/Ag NPs低(图2C), 这是因为负载在Mn3O4表面的Ag阻碍了Mn的检测, 间接证明Ag成功被负载到Mn3O4表面。
2.2 Mn/Ag NPs的类氧化酶活性
本研究以TMB显色反应, 验证Mn/Ag NPs的纳米酶活性。如图3A所示, 当Mn/Ag NPs和TMB都存在时, 反应体系在652 nm处存在一个最大的吸收峰。与之相反, 当Mn/Ag NPs或TMB缺少时, 反应体系的没有明显的吸收峰。这说明, Mn/Ag NPs能够加速TMB显色反应, 生成蓝色产物TMBox。为验证上述反应的机制, 本研究利用DMPO捕获Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系中产生的自由基, 并利用EPR进行检测。如图3B所示, 所产生自由基特征峰与超氧阴离子自由基特征峰一致, 这说明Mn/Ag NPs具有类氧化酶活性, 能够催化溶解氧生成超氧自由基, 氧化TMB形成蓝色TMBox(图3C)。此外, 在Mn/Ag NPs+DMPO反应体系中产生的超氧阴离子自由基大于Mn3O4+DMPO反应体系, 说明Mn/Ag NPs的类氧化酶活性优于Mn3O4。
2.3 Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系优化与Mn/Ag NPs的稳态动力学研究
本研究对Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系进行优化, 以获得最佳评价效果。如图4A所示, 随着反应时间增加, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系在652 nm吸光度持续增大, 但一段时间后吸光度变化逐渐减缓。为了提高检测效率, 本研究选择30 min为Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的最佳孵育时间。此外, 如图4B所示, 随着缓冲液pH的升高, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系在652 nm处吸光度先升高, 再逐渐降低, 并在pH 4.0时, 吸光度达到最大。这是因为TMB在酸性条件下易于质子化, 有利于显色反应的发生, 但过酸条件下, TMB易出现过氧化状态, 吸光值会下降。因此, 本研究pH 4.0为最佳缓冲液pH。
为了研究Mn/Ag NPs对底物(TMB)的催化过程, 本研究测定了最佳条件下Mn/Ag NPs的稳态酶动力学。如图4C所示, 随着底物TMB浓度的增加, 催化反应速率先快速提高后趋于平缓, 符合典型的Michaelis-Menten模型。Km是评估酶催化性能重要参数之一, 表示体系反应速率达到1/2Vmax时的底物浓度, 反映了酶与底物间的亲和力。当Km值较大时, 说明酶与底物间亲和力较弱; 相反, 则表示亲和力较强。根据实验结果得知, Km为0.063 mmol/L, Vmax为2.3×10-8 mol·L-1·s-1, 表明Mn/Ag NPs具有优异类氧化酶活性。
2.4 标准曲线的建立
本研究以维生素E为参照物, 研究了Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系对总抗氧化能力的评价性能。如图5A所示, 随着维生素E浓度的增加, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的吸收峰(652 nm)逐渐降低。如图5B所示, 本研究对维生素E浓度和Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的吸光度(652 nm)进行线性拟合, 发现维生素E浓度(0~26.7 μmol/L)与Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的吸光度(652 nm)之间存在良好的线性关系: A652nm=-0.018 C维生素E+0.56 (r2=0.994)。经计算, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的检出限为1.2 μmol/L (S/N=3)。
此外, 本研究采用去离子水提取糙皮侧耳子实体的活性物质, 通过加标回收率法, 验证Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的评价准确度。如表1所示, 加标回收率为95.50%~102.25%, 说明Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系能够用于野生食用菌总抗氧化活性的准确评价。此外, 本研究采用商业化ABTS试剂盒对检测结果进行验证, ABTS试剂盒检测结果与Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系的检测结果相符, 说明Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系对野生食用菌总抗氧化活性的评价具有较高的可信度。相较于传统抗氧化能力评价方法较, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系不依赖昂贵的检测试剂, 不需要复杂的操作步骤, 检测过程便捷, 能够广泛应用于野生食用菌总抗氧化活性的评价。
2.5 真实样品检测
本研究采用Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系评价扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)的总抗氧化活性。如图6所示, 将样品通过烘干、研磨、萃取等一系列操作, 提取抗氧化活性物质。然后利用Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系进行检测, 检测结果如表2所示。从整体上看, 在扬州市所采集的糙皮侧耳的总抗氧化活性最强, 金针菇其次, 角质木耳最弱。针对同一样品使用不同溶剂提取后测定抗氧化活性结果如下: 超纯水>混合溶剂>乙醇>乙酸乙酯。这表明当以超纯水作为样品提取剂时, 能更有效地提取野生角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳的抗氧化活性成分。这可能是因为野生食用菌中大部分的抗氧化活性物质(如多糖、维生素等)是水溶性的, 易被超纯水提取。
3 结论
收起
本研究开发了一种基于Mn/Ag NPs纳米酶的比色分析方法, 用于扬州市野生食用菌(角质木耳、金针菇、糙皮侧耳)总抗氧化能力的评价。Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系能够快速评价目标物(以维生素E为参照物)的总抗氧化活性, 检测范围为0~26.7 μmol/L, 检出限低至1.2 μmol/L。基于此, Mn/Ag NPs+TMB反应体系成功被应用于扬州市野生食用菌的抗氧化活性的快速评价, 发现糙皮侧耳的总抗氧化活性最强, 金针菇其次, 角质木耳最弱; 超纯水作为萃取剂能够有效提取野生食用菌的抗氧化活性物质。
基金
收起
  • 江苏省农业微生物(食用菌)种质资源普查项目(2023-SJ-115)
  • 江苏省农业微生物(食用菌)种质资源普查项目(2024-SJ-038)
  • 江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)资助项目(BK20230586)
文献
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2025年第16卷第6期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241115004
  • 接收时间：2024-11-15
  • 首发时间：2025-07-19
  • 出版时间：2025-03-25
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  • 收稿日期：2024-11-15
基金
江苏省农业微生物(食用菌)种质资源普查项目(2023-SJ-115)
江苏省农业微生物(食用菌)种质资源普查项目(2024-SJ-038)
江苏省基础研究计划(自然科学基金)资助项目(BK20230586)
作者信息
    1.扬州市邗江区农作物技术推广中心, 扬州 225127
    2.扬州大学食品科学与工程学院, 扬州 225009

通讯作者:

* 徐雪超(1991—), 男, 讲师, 主要研究方向为食品质量与安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
科
Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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