Article(id=1153986580822876823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241107001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730908800000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-07, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061440902, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061440902, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061440902, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061440902, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=224, endPage=233, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986581359747738, articleId=1153986580822876823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Characterization and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To study the characterization and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus. Methods The autolysis phenomenon of Stichopus japonicus was taken to dissolve their body walls. Further used D-xylose and Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides for Maillard reaction to modify autolytic peptides, and the physical and chemical properties and antioxidant activity differences of the Maillard reaction products were analyzed. Results The Maillard reaction conditions were as follows: Reaction time 4 h, reaction temperature 120 ℃, mass ratio of Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides to D-xylose 1:2. After the reaction, the content of free amino group decreased from (32.35±1.90) μg/mL to (12.68±1.10) μg/mL. The maximum fluorescence emission peak of the Maillard reaction products shifted from 401 nm to 434 nm, and an absorption peak appeared at 288 nm in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The molecular weight measurement showed that the large molecular weight material above 3600 u increased significantly. The appearance of the Maillard reaction products from the autolytic peptides of Stichopus japonicus and D-xylose was verified. When the mass concentration of Maillard reaction products was 8 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of hydroxyl free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cation free radical were above 85%, and the reducing ability of Fe3+ was 6.3 times higher than that of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus before the reaction. Conclusion The results provide a new reference for utilizing the autolysis of Stichopus japonicus and improving the antioxidant activity of the Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides.

, correspAuthors=Yan-Xia QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zheng-Yang LI, Chang LIU, Jing-Chun FEI, Hao ZHOU, Wan-Xin HAN, Yi-Ping PAN, Yan-Xia QI, Qian-Cheng ZHAO), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986608966656346, articleId=1153986580822876823, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物表征及抗氧化活性研究, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探究刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物的表征及抗氧化活性变化。方法 利用刺参自溶来制备自溶肽, 进一步采用D-木糖和刺参自溶肽的美拉德反应对其进行改性, 分析美拉德反应产物的理化性质和抗氧化活性差异。结果 选择美拉德反应条件为: 反应时间4 h, 反应温度120 ℃, 刺参自溶肽与D-木糖的质量比为1:2。反应后游离氨基含量由(32.35±1.90) μg/mL下降至(12.68±1.10) μg/mL, 反应前后荧光发射光谱最大吸收峰由401 nm移到434 nm, 紫外吸收光谱在288 nm处出现吸收峰, 分子量测定发现3600 u以上大分子量物质显著增加, 验证了刺参自溶肽与D-木糖美拉德反应产物的出现。美拉德反应产物在质量浓度为8 mg/mL时的羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力均在85%以上, Fe3+还原能力比原刺参自溶肽提高6.3倍。结论 研究结果为利用刺参自溶现象, 改善刺参自溶肽抗氧化活性提供了新参考。

, correspAuthors=祁艳霞, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 祁艳霞(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:
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#李正阳和刘畅为共同第一作者

李正阳(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:

刘畅(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品科学。E-mail:

, authorsList=李正阳, 刘畅, 费靖淳, 周浩, 韩万鑫, 潘一萍, 祁艳霞, 赵前程)}, authors=[Author(id=1178023280893112993, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=jacky.lawrence@foxmail.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1178023280960221859, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, authorId=1178023280893112993, language=EN, stringName=Zheng-Yang LI, firstName=Zheng-Yang, middleName=null, lastName=LI, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1178023281023136420, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, authorId=1178023280893112993, language=CN, stringName=李正阳, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, #, address=1.大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 大连 116023, bio={"content":"

李正阳(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:

"}, bioImg=null, bioContent=

李正阳(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:

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刘畅(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品科学。E-mail:

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刘畅(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品科学。E-mail:

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College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
3. Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
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3.辽宁省水产品分析检验及加工技术科技服务中心, 大连 116023
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注: 图中不同小写字母表示组间差异显著(P<0.05), 图2同。

, figureFileSmall=Dz4IMJfThMacaWp52FiPkA==, figureFileBig=nKm8zpG0OFDPWS1XVUl5Hw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283342586582, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Change of free amino group mass concentration before and after Maillard reaction, figureFileSmall=vE7IWZZfAKEnEujV5J0Ijg==, figureFileBig=w4Iu4dDR5tLvYOe7aQ6IHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283401306839, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=CN, label=图2, caption=美拉德反应前后游离氨基质量浓度变化, figureFileSmall=vE7IWZZfAKEnEujV5J0Ijg==, figureFileBig=w4Iu4dDR5tLvYOe7aQ6IHg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283460027096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Changes of fluorescence spectra (A) and ultraviolet spectra (B) before and after Maillard reaction respectively, figureFileSmall=va852wbCGFUOB6/ClAk8jw==, figureFileBig=VYVR1LDN987FTfOn+Zx6fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283518747353, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=CN, label=图3, caption=美拉德反应前后荧光光谱变化(A)和紫外光谱变化(B), figureFileSmall=va852wbCGFUOB6/ClAk8jw==, figureFileBig=VYVR1LDN987FTfOn+Zx6fA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283581661914, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Size exclusion chromatography before and after Maillard reaction, figureFileSmall=LAEW/6idiIBC2bxW9ShaYw==, figureFileBig=1SSGAv4Vj6wuRDc5H2rCxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283640382171, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=CN, label=图4, caption=美拉德反应前后体积排阻色谱图, figureFileSmall=LAEW/6idiIBC2bxW9ShaYw==, figureFileBig=1SSGAv4Vj6wuRDc5H2rCxA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283703296732, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Hydroxyl free radical scavenging capacity (A), DPPH free radical scavenging capacity (B), ABTS+ free radical scavenging capacity (C) and Fe3+ reducing capacity (D) before and after the Maillard reaction, respectively, figureFileSmall=BU9YkkS9ZzXI+NzHB0HZyg==, figureFileBig=muMoGNlbhQFhVWHUEmTnfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283766211293, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=CN, label=图5, caption=美拉德反应前后羟自由基清除能力(A)、DPPH自由基清除能力(B)、ABTS+自由基清除能力(C)和Fe3+还原能力(D), figureFileSmall=BU9YkkS9ZzXI+NzHB0HZyg==, figureFileBig=muMoGNlbhQFhVWHUEmTnfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1178023283841708766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Factor level of orthogonal test

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水平 A反应温度
/℃
B反应时间
/h
C肽糖质量比(g:g)
1 2 80 1:1
2 3 100 2:1
3 4 120 1:2
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正交实验因素水平

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水平 A反应温度
/℃
B反应时间
/h
C肽糖质量比(g:g)
1 2 80 1:1
2 3 100 2:1
3 4 120 1:2
), ArticleFig(id=1178023283984315104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Range analysis of orthogonal test

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实验号 A B C DPPH自由基清除率/%
1 1 1 1 27.60
2 1 2 2 33.45
3 1 3 3 62.34
4 2 1 2 45.20
5 2 2 3 46.32
6 2 3 1 39.70
7 3 1 3 41.24
8 3 2 1 46.68
9 3 3 2 61.10
K1 123.39 114.04 113.98
K2 131.22 126.45 139.75
K3 149.02 163.14 149.90
$\bar{k}_{1}$ 41.13 38.01 37.99
$\bar{k}_{2}$ 43.74 42.15 46.58
$\bar{k}_{3}$ 49.67 54.38 49.97
R 8.54 16.37 11.97
), ArticleFig(id=1178023284051423969, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

正交实验极差分析

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实验号 A B C DPPH自由基清除率/%
1 1 1 1 27.60
2 1 2 2 33.45
3 1 3 3 62.34
4 2 1 2 45.20
5 2 2 3 46.32
6 2 3 1 39.70
7 3 1 3 41.24
8 3 2 1 46.68
9 3 3 2 61.10
K1 123.39 114.04 113.98
K2 131.22 126.45 139.75
K3 149.02 163.14 149.90
$\bar{k}_{1}$ 41.13 38.01 37.99
$\bar{k}_{2}$ 43.74 42.15 46.58
$\bar{k}_{3}$ 49.67 54.38 49.97
R 8.54 16.37 11.97
), ArticleFig(id=1178023284135310050, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986580822876823, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Molecular weight standard

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标准品名称 分子量/u 分子量对数 保留时间/min
核糖核酸酶 13700.00 4.1367 8.260
人胰岛素 5808.00 3.7640 11.792
胸腺肽 3108.00 3.4925 13.727
生长抑素 1638.00 3.2143 16.396
木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂 451.48 2.6546 21.018
谷胱甘肽 307.00 2.4871 22.862
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分子量标准品

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标准品名称 分子量/u 分子量对数 保留时间/min
核糖核酸酶 13700.00 4.1367 8.260
人胰岛素 5808.00 3.7640 11.792
胸腺肽 3108.00 3.4925 13.727
生长抑素 1638.00 3.2143 16.396
木瓜蛋白酶抑制剂 451.48 2.6546 21.018
谷胱甘肽 307.00 2.4871 22.862
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Molecular weight distribution range before and after Maillard reaction

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名称 保留时间/min 分子量范围/u 峰面积/%
刺参自溶肽 >22.862 <307.0 0.05
20.885~22.862 307.0~495.5 0.70
20.885 495.5 94.07
8.260~20.885 495.5~13700.0 5.11
<8.260 >13700.0 0.07
糖肽混合物 >22.862 <307.0 0.06
21.320~22.862 307.0~441.7 0.46
21.320 441.7 91.67
8.260~21.320 441.7~13700.0 6.15
<8.260 >13700.0 1.66
美拉德反应产物 >22.862 <307.0 2.63
21.473~22.862 307.0~424.3 1.06
21.473 424.3 1.42
13.279 3681.1 15.46
12.462 4567.2 17.61
11.029 6662.9 41.44
10.315 8043.1 20.24
8.260~10.315 8043.1~13700.0 0.02
<8.260 >13700.0 0.12
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美拉德反应前后分子量分布范围

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名称 保留时间/min 分子量范围/u 峰面积/%
刺参自溶肽 >22.862 <307.0 0.05
20.885~22.862 307.0~495.5 0.70
20.885 495.5 94.07
8.260~20.885 495.5~13700.0 5.11
<8.260 >13700.0 0.07
糖肽混合物 >22.862 <307.0 0.06
21.320~22.862 307.0~441.7 0.46
21.320 441.7 91.67
8.260~21.320 441.7~13700.0 6.15
<8.260 >13700.0 1.66
美拉德反应产物 >22.862 <307.0 2.63
21.473~22.862 307.0~424.3 1.06
21.473 424.3 1.42
13.279 3681.1 15.46
12.462 4567.2 17.61
11.029 6662.9 41.44
10.315 8043.1 20.24
8.260~10.315 8043.1~13700.0 0.02
<8.260 >13700.0 0.12
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刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物表征及抗氧化活性研究
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李正阳 1, # , 刘畅 2, # , 费靖淳 1 , 周浩 1 , 韩万鑫 1 , 潘一萍 1 , 祁艳霞 1, 3, 4, * , 赵前程 1, 3, 4
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(4): 224-233
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(4): 224-233
刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物表征及抗氧化活性研究
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李正阳1, # , 刘畅2, # , 费靖淳1, 周浩1, 韩万鑫1, 潘一萍1, 祁艳霞1, 3, 4, * , 赵前程1, 3, 4
作者信息
  • 1.大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 大连 116023
  • 2.大连工业大学食品学院, 大连 116034
  • 3.辽宁省水产品分析检验及加工技术科技服务中心, 大连 116023
  • 4.辽宁省海洋健康食品工程研究中心, 大连 116023
  • 李正阳(1999—), 男, 硕士研究生, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:

    刘畅(1996—), 女, 硕士, 主要研究方向为食品科学。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 祁艳霞(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:
Characterization and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus
Zheng-Yang LI1 , Chang LIU2 , Jing-Chun FEI1, Hao ZHOU1, Wan-Xin HAN1, Yi-Ping PAN1, Yan-Xia QI1, 3, 4, * , Qian-Cheng ZHAO1, 3, 4
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Food Science and Engineering, Dalian Ocean University, Dalian 116023, China
  • 2. School of Food Science and Technology, Dalian Polytechnic University, Dalian 116034, China
  • 3. Liaoning Provincial Aquatic Products Analyzing, Testing and Processing Technology Scientific Service Centre, Dalian 116023, China
  • 4. Liaoning Marine Health Food Engineering Research Center, Dalian 116023, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241107001
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目的 探究刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物的表征及抗氧化活性变化。方法 利用刺参自溶来制备自溶肽, 进一步采用D-木糖和刺参自溶肽的美拉德反应对其进行改性, 分析美拉德反应产物的理化性质和抗氧化活性差异。结果 选择美拉德反应条件为: 反应时间4 h, 反应温度120 ℃, 刺参自溶肽与D-木糖的质量比为1:2。反应后游离氨基含量由(32.35±1.90) μg/mL下降至(12.68±1.10) μg/mL, 反应前后荧光发射光谱最大吸收峰由401 nm移到434 nm, 紫外吸收光谱在288 nm处出现吸收峰, 分子量测定发现3600 u以上大分子量物质显著增加, 验证了刺参自溶肽与D-木糖美拉德反应产物的出现。美拉德反应产物在质量浓度为8 mg/mL时的羟自由基、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除能力均在85%以上, Fe3+还原能力比原刺参自溶肽提高6.3倍。结论 研究结果为利用刺参自溶现象, 改善刺参自溶肽抗氧化活性提供了新参考。

刺参  /  自溶肽  /  美拉德反应  /  抗氧化活性

Objective To study the characterization and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus. Methods The autolysis phenomenon of Stichopus japonicus was taken to dissolve their body walls. Further used D-xylose and Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides for Maillard reaction to modify autolytic peptides, and the physical and chemical properties and antioxidant activity differences of the Maillard reaction products were analyzed. Results The Maillard reaction conditions were as follows: Reaction time 4 h, reaction temperature 120 ℃, mass ratio of Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides to D-xylose 1:2. After the reaction, the content of free amino group decreased from (32.35±1.90) μg/mL to (12.68±1.10) μg/mL. The maximum fluorescence emission peak of the Maillard reaction products shifted from 401 nm to 434 nm, and an absorption peak appeared at 288 nm in the ultraviolet absorption spectrum. The molecular weight measurement showed that the large molecular weight material above 3600 u increased significantly. The appearance of the Maillard reaction products from the autolytic peptides of Stichopus japonicus and D-xylose was verified. When the mass concentration of Maillard reaction products was 8 mg/mL, the scavenging ability of hydroxyl free radical, 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine (DPPH) free radical and 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS) cation free radical were above 85%, and the reducing ability of Fe3+ was 6.3 times higher than that of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus before the reaction. Conclusion The results provide a new reference for utilizing the autolysis of Stichopus japonicus and improving the antioxidant activity of the Stichopus japonicus autolytic peptides.

Stichopus japonicus  /  autolytic peptides  /  Maillard reaction  /  antioxidant activity
李正阳, 刘畅, 费靖淳, 周浩, 韩万鑫, 潘一萍, 祁艳霞, 赵前程. 刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物表征及抗氧化活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 224 -233 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241107001
Zheng-Yang LI, Chang LIU, Jing-Chun FEI, Hao ZHOU, Wan-Xin HAN, Yi-Ping PAN, Yan-Xia QI, Qian-Cheng ZHAO. Characterization and antioxidant activity of Maillard reaction products of autolytic peptides from Stichopus japonicus[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 224 -233 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241107001
刺参(Stichopus japonicus)是一种棘皮类海洋动物, 属棘皮动物门刺参纲, 体壁干物质中蛋白质含量在50%左右, 全世界共拥有刺参品种1100余种, 在我国现已发现150余种[1]。刺参作为一个重要品种, 在黄渤海地区均有分布, 现捕捞养殖的刺参主要包括白刺参、绿刺参和紫刺参等[2]。刺参体内含有50多种营养成分, 具有高蛋白、低脂肪的特点, 部分有效成分还具有药用价值, 具有补肾、益精髓、生脉血等功效, 此外刺参中还含有丰富的多糖、多肽、皂苷和人体所需的各种维生素及微量元素[3-4], 其中小分子肽稳定性好、溶解性强, 更易被肠道消化吸收, 具有更高的利用价值。
自溶是海产品普遍存在的现象, 刺参自溶也称为“吐肠”现象。这一现象造成了刺参不易保存和运输的特点。刺参发生自溶现象主要是其内源酶对自身组织的酶解作用, 例如组织蛋白酶B、组织蛋白酶L、基质金属蛋白酶和胶溶性金属蛋白酶等, 均能有效水解刺参的胶原蛋白和非胶原蛋白[5-6]。但刺参自溶并非只有缺点, 杨涛[7]通过控制海参体壁自溶时的环境温度、pH、自溶时间、底物浓度和盐度, 得到可溶性寡肽、总糖和还原糖, 可溶性寡肽溶出率达到1.23%; 郑杰等[8]以可溶性寡肽溶出率为评价指标, 优化海参自溶条件, 发现自溶产物具有抗氧化活性; 也有报道利用海参的自溶, 制备具有抗糖尿病活性的海参多肽[9]。以上研究说明对刺参的自溶现象加以控制, 可改变原本影响品质的情况, 使其具有重要的研究意义, 为刺参高值化利用产业提供理论支持。
美拉德反应是一种天然的蛋白质改性方法, 是羰基化合物与氨基化合物之间的非酶褐变反应, 能改变食品的色香味[10], 通过控制美拉德反应温度、时间、糖的种类和质量可得到不同效果的美拉德反应产物。美拉德反应及其产物在食品、医药、化妆品等领域中广泛应用, BU等[11]采用酶解结合高压加工蛤蜊, 将其与L-半胱氨酸和D-木糖在120 ℃下反应1.5 h后, 发现美拉德反应中间产物和褐变产物积累, 游离氨基酸含量有所下降; 黄翠萍等[12]在反应温度80 ℃, 大豆蛋白与壳聚糖质量比1:1条件下反应5 h, 获得65.13%的接枝度; 方菲等[13]在木糖与鲷鱼鳞多肽质量比1.3:1、糖肽总质量浓度78 mg/mL、初始pH 11.85、反应温度100 ℃、反应时间4.05 h条件下, 美拉德反应产物抗氧化活性显著增加, 且具有多酚氧化酶抑制活性。
本研究利用刺参自溶制备刺参自溶肽, 选用D-木糖与自溶肽进行美拉德反应, 对反应工艺进行优化。通过荧光光谱法和紫外吸收光谱法分析美拉德反应产物, 高效液相色谱法测定刺参自溶肽发生美拉德反应前后分子量的变化, 并对美拉德反应前后抗氧化活性差异进行测定, 从而探究美拉德反应对刺参自溶肽的影响, 为利用刺参存在的自溶现象, 探索刺参自溶肽的应用途径提供新方向。
新鲜刺参, 捕捞后立即放入盛满冰海水的泡沫箱运输至实验室, 迅速将刺参去头去内脏, 洗净后放入-20 ℃冷冻, 备用。
牛血清白蛋白标准品(纯度˃99%)、邻苯二甲醛试剂(o-phthalaldehyde, OPA)(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 硫酸软骨素、人参皂苷、L-亮氨酸(分析纯)、分子量标准品(纯度˃99%)(北京宝希迪商贸有限公司); 间苯三酚、冰醋酸(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技有限公司); 香草醛、高氯酸、正丁醇、磷酸钠、氯化钠(分析纯, 天津大茂化学试剂厂); D-木糖(分析纯, 上海鑫泰实业有限公司); 无水乙醇(分析纯)、三氯乙酸(trichloroacetic acid, TCA)(色谱纯)(天津科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水。
BS224S分析天平(精度0.1 mg, 北京赛多利斯有限公司); GL-21M恒温离心机(湖南湘仪实验室仪器开发有限公司); FD-1型冷冻干燥机(北京博医康实验仪器有限责任公司); DF-101S磁力恒温水油两用浴锅(上海予华仪器设备有限公司); NanoDrop 2000C微量分光光度计(美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); ELx800酶标仪(美国伯腾仪器有限公司); F-380荧光分光光度计(天津港东科技发展股份有限公司); TU1810 DAPC紫外可见分光光度计(上海菁华科技仪器有限公司); Agilent 1260高效液相色谱(美国安捷伦仪器有限公司); Asahipak GS320-HQ色谱柱(7.5 mm×300 mm, 6 μm)(日本昭和电工集团)。
刺参在-20 ℃条件下储存5个月, 在此期间刺参体壁已发生自溶, 取出解冻, 将解冻后的刺参体壁剪成适当大小块状, 加入3倍体积超纯水匀浆。加入2倍体积质量分数10% TCA终止自溶, 并沉淀大分子蛋白, 静置30 min后8000 r/min离心15 min, 取上清液在冻干机中-50 ℃冷冻干燥60 h, 得到刺参自溶肽。
(1)单因素实验
总结文献[11-13]的还原糖种类、反应时间、温度和质量比条件, 预测最优条件为反应时间4 h、反应温度110 ℃, 刺参自溶肽与D-木糖质量比为1:1。在该条件附近选择不同参数, 设置实验反应条件为反应时间: 2、3、4 h; 反应温度: 80、100、120 ℃; 刺参自溶肽和D-木糖质量比: 1:1、2:1、1:2 (g:g)。将刺参自溶肽和D-木糖按设定质量比混合, 总量5 g, 加入pH 7.0的磷酸盐缓冲液95 g, 充分混合于锥形瓶中, 封口, 置于磁力搅拌油浴锅中, 在所设温度和时间下各自反应。反应结束后, 取出迅速用冰水冷却5 min, 在冻干机中-50 ℃冷冻干燥60 h, 得到美拉德反应产物。
糖肽混合物制备与美拉德反应产物制备相同, 但充分混合后不予加热。
(2)正交实验
在单因素分析的基础上, 综合影响美拉德反应的3个关键因素, 进行正交实验设计。各因素水平设计见表1
(1)总肽含量的测定
配制质量浓度10 mg/mL的牛血清白蛋白标准溶液和刺参自溶肽溶液, 利用NanoDrop 2000c微量分光光度计检测肽键在紫外205 nm处的波长, 以超纯水和标准溶液进行校准, 测定样品中实际的肽浓度。
(2)硫酸软骨素含量的测定
配制硫酸软骨素质量浓度梯度标准溶液各400 μL, 加入间苯三酚溶液1.2 mL, 混匀。置于沸水中水浴30 min, 取出后立即冰水水浴冷却5 min, 用冰醋酸稀释至4 mL, 混匀, 于558 nm处测定吸光度[14], 以硫酸软骨素标准溶液质量浓度和吸光度值分别为横纵坐标绘制标准曲线, 得到标准曲线Y=0.0494X+0.0509 (r2=0.9919)。样品测定同上述操作。
(3)皂苷含量的测定
配制人参皂苷质量浓度梯度标准溶液, 水浴蒸干试剂后加入5%香草醛-冰醋酸溶液0.2 mL, 高氯酸0.8 mL, 60 ℃水浴加热15 min后再立即用冰水冷却5 min, 加入5 mL冰醋酸摇匀, 静置10 min, 于560 nm处测定吸光度[15], 以人参皂苷标准溶液质量浓度和吸光度值分别为横纵坐标绘制标准曲线, 得到标准曲线Y=1.9662X+0.0598 (r2=0.9975)。准确吸取200 μL样品, 加入200 μL正丁醇进行萃取, 反复3次氮气吹干后, 其余步骤同上述操作。
(4)游离氨基含量的测定
采用OPA法[16]进行测定, OPA试剂现配现用。配制L-亮氨酸质量浓度梯度标准溶液, 取200 μL待测溶液与4 mL OPA试剂混匀反应, 于340 nm的波长下测定吸光度。以L-亮氨酸标准溶液质量浓度和吸光度值分别为横纵坐标绘制标准曲线, 得到标准曲线Y=1.0517X+0.1544 (r2=0.9962)。待测样品8000 r/min离心20 min, 稀释上清液50倍与OPA试剂混匀反应, 其余操作同上述步骤。
参考方菲等[13]方法, 样品质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL, 激发波长347 nm, 发射波长扫描范围362~672 nm, 发射光与激发光缝宽为10 nm。
样品质量浓度为0.5 mg/mL, 紫外分光光度计进行200~450 nm波长光谱扫描[16]
高效液相色谱法测定刺参自溶肽分子量。色谱柱: Asahipak GS320-HQ (7.5 mm×300 mm, 6 μm); 流动相: 0.07 mol/mL磷酸钠缓冲溶液(pH 7.0)+0.15 mol/mL氯化钠溶液; 流速0.5 mL/min, 进样体积20 μL, 检测波长220 nm。以标准品分子量对数与其保留时间为横纵坐标绘制标准曲线Y=-8.7069X+44.335 (r2=0.9989), 根据保留时间计算样品分子量大小。
分别对刺参自溶肽, 刺参自溶肽和D-木糖混合物, 美拉德反应产物进行羟自由基清除能力、1,1-二苯基-2-三硝基苯肼(1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazine, DPPH)自由基清除率、2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt, ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率和Fe3+还原能力测定。
(1)羟自由基清除率的测定
参考李飞寰等[17]方法, 以维生素C (vitamin C, VC)溶液作为阳性对照溶液, 2、4、6、8、10 mg/mL为对照溶液和样品溶液的质量浓度梯度, 510 nm处测定吸光度值, 3组平行实验, 计算公式(1)如下:
$X_{\mathrm{a}}=\frac{A_{0}-\left(A_{1}-A_{2}\right)}{A_{0}} \times 100 \%$
式中: Xa为羟自由基清除率, %; A0为等量超纯水取代样品溶液进行反应的吸光度; A1为加入样品和H2O2溶液的吸光度; A2为加入样品, 等量超纯水取代H2O2进行反应的吸光度。
(2) DPPH自由基清除率的测定
对照溶液和质量浓度梯度同1.2.7 (1), 参考BABITA等[18]方法, 517 nm处测定吸光度值, 3组平行实验, 计算公式(2)如下:
$X_{\mathrm{b}}=\frac{B_{0}-\left(B_{1}-B_{2}\right)}{B_{0}} \times 100 \%$
式中: Xb为DPPH自由基清除率, %; B0为等量超纯水取代样品溶液进行反应的吸光度; B1为加入样品和DPPH溶液的吸光度; B2为加入样品, 等量无水乙醇取代DPPH进行反应的吸光度。
(3) ABTS+自由基清除率的测定
对照组溶液和质量浓度梯度同1.2.7 (1), ABTS+工作液: ABTS (7.4 mmol/L )和K2S2O4 (2.6 mmol/L)等体积混匀, 避光反应12 h。取待测溶液0.2 mL, 加入0.8 mL ABTS+工作液混匀, 静置6 min, 734 nm处测定吸光度值, 3组平行实验, 计算公式(3)如下:
$X_{\mathrm{c}}=\frac{1-C_{1}}{C_{0}} \times 100 \%$
式中: XC为ABTS+自由基清除率, %; C0为等量无水乙醇替代样品溶液的吸光度; C1为加入样品和ABTS+工作液的吸光度。
(4) Fe3+还原力的测定
对照组溶液和质量浓度梯度同1.2.7 (1), 参考李飞寰等[17]的方法, 700 nm处测定吸光度值, 3组平行实验, 计算公式(4)如下:
Xd=D1-D0
式中: Xd为Fe3+还原力; D0为等量超纯水替代0.1%三氯化铁溶液的吸光度; D1为加入样品和0.1%三氯化铁溶液的吸光度。
所有实验均重复3次, 实验结果使用Origin 2022和IBM SPSS statistics 26对实验数据进行t检验和方差分析进行处理, 差异显著性水平(P<0.05)。
参考现有文献发现, 反应时间、反应温度和肽糖质量比是影响美拉德反应的重要因素, 故选取这3个因素对美拉德反应条件进行优化, 结果如图1所示。
美拉德反应为非酶促褐变反应, 通常用294 nm处吸光值表示反应过程中未生成荧光产物时, 褐变前体物的生成量, 420 nm处表示美拉德反应终产物类黑精的生成量, 即褐变程度, 同时以DPPH自由基清除能力为评价指标, 选择最适反应条件[13]。如图1A所示, 在反应温度为100 ℃、肽糖质量比为1:1的条件下, 随着反应时间增加, 反应时间为4 h时, 294 nm和420 nm处吸光值最大, DPPH自由基清除率最高, 具有显著性差异(P<0.05); 图1B中反应时间为4 h、肽糖质量比1:1、反应温度为80 ℃时, DPPH自由基清除率仅为(28.29±1.61)%, 294 nm和420 nm吸光值为0.165±0.030和0.306±0.035, 美拉德反应不明显, 反应温度为120 ℃时, 294 nm和420 nm吸光值为1.422±0.110和1.951±0.041, 美拉德反应强烈, DPPH自由基清除率最高, 差异性显著(P<0.05); 图1C中肽糖质量比为1:1时, 发生了美拉德反应, 但反应程度较低, 中间产物和类黑精生成不明显, 当质量比为1:2时, DPPH自由基清除率最高, 为(61.10±1.56)%, 中间产物生成量大, 褐变程度小。
单因素实验不足以确定最优美拉德反应条件, 只能说明单一因素对于美拉德反应的影响。正交实验可以综合不同因素对于美拉德反应的整体影响。
正交实验的极差分析可反映各因素水平变化对实验的影响情况, 通过分析不同因素导致美拉德反应产物DPPH自由基清除率的变化, 从而确定美拉德反应的最优条件, 结果见表2。由极差R的分析结果可知, 3个因素实验影响程度由大到小为: 反应时间>肽糖质量比>反应温度。由k1、k2、k3的平均值得出各因素最佳水平取值, 确定最优方案为A3B3C3, 即反应时间4 h, 反应温度120 ℃, 肽糖质量比为1:2。该条件未出现在正交实验设计中, 对最佳条件进行验证, 3次实验的DPPH自由基清除率为(64.32±1.57)%, 为最强抗氧化活性的美拉德反应产物。
综合单因素实验和正交实验, 选择反应时间4 h, 反应温度120 ℃, 肽糖质量比1:2 (g:g)为最佳反应条件。方菲等[13]的单因素实验中反应时间在4 h、木糖与肽质量比1:1、反应温度100 ℃时DPPH自由基清除率最大, 后趋于平缓。刘秀梅等[19]实验得出美拉德反应产物褐变程度随着反应时间、反应温度和木糖含量的增加而升高, 与本研究优化结果趋势一致。
根据实验测定, 利用刺参自溶现象制备的样品肽含量可达到(65.96±0.02)%, 还含有硫酸软骨素(28.22±0.11)%和皂苷(1.04±0.02)%。邹媛婷等[20]利用不同菌、蛋白酶以及菌酶联用等处理方式对刺参体壁进行降解, 所得产物中多肽含量均未能超过45%, 从多肽含量方面进行评价, 本自溶制备方法要优于邹媛婷等的外源性因素水解方法和外源酶酶解方法。
肽与D-木糖发生美拉德反应时, 木糖会与游离氨基或肽末端α-氨基交联, 相较而言, 游离氨基更易与木糖相交联, 所以游离氨基含量变化能充分反映美拉德反应程度[21]。王勇[22]的实验中表明, 游离氨基消耗的量与美拉德反应进行的程度成正比关系, 美拉德反应6 h以上, 游离氨基含量下降0.45 mmol/L以上。对样品中游离氨基含量进行测定, 结果如图2所示。由图2分析可知, 反应前的刺参自溶肽游离氨基质量浓度为(32.35±1.90) μg/mL, 糖肽混合物游离氨基质量浓度为(15.54±1.45) μg/mL。由于糖的存在稀释了溶液体系, 使刺参自溶肽的含量变小, 游离氨基质量浓度自然变小。美拉德反应产物游离氨基质量浓度为(12.68±1.10) μg/mL, 较糖肽混合物少量下降。说明刺参自溶肽中游离氨基与D-木糖发生美拉德反应, 致使游离氨基含量下降。
对样品的荧光光谱和紫外光谱进行分析, 结果如图3所示。
荧光产物被认为是美拉德反应形成褐变产物之前的早期产物, 是能够判断美拉德反应的早期指标, 多肽经美拉德反应后在420~430 nm波长处荧光强度会增加[16]。由图3A分析可知, 刺参自溶肽和糖肽混合物的荧光光谱最大峰在401 nm附近, 但峰高较低, 未检测到明显的荧光产物, 而美拉德反应后产物在424~500 nm范围内荧光强度明显变强, 在434 nm处出现峰值, 说明美拉德反应剧烈, 检测出大量美拉德反应产物, 生成的荧光产物是最终褐变产物的前期产物。
美拉德反应中间产物在294 nm波长附近有吸收峰, 在美拉德反应最后阶段生成的褐色含氮聚合物类黑精在420 nm波长附近有吸收, 可反映类黑精的生成量[23-24]。由图3B分析可知, 紫外光谱全扫描可以看出美拉德产物在288 nm处有明显吸收峰, 刺参自溶肽和糖肽混合物均无明显变化, 代表美拉德反应中间产物的形成, 此时美拉德反应产物吸光度值高于刺参自溶肽和糖肽混合物, 说明刺参自溶肽已经和D-木糖发生美拉德反应, 美拉德反应中间产物含量提高。420 nm波长附近未出现明显的吸收峰, 说明在本反应条件下刺参自溶肽美拉德反应产物主要是中间产物, 类黑精(褐变终末产物)生成量较少。
标准品分子量大小及保留时间如表3所示, 选取分子量在307.00~13700.00 u范围的标准品进行测定, 标准曲线为Y=-8.7069X+44.335 (r2=0.9989), 线性关系良好, 可用于多肽分子量的测定和计算。
对样品分子量分析后, 结果如图4所示。由图4分析知, 经过体积排阻色谱测定美拉德反应前后样品的分子量, 反应前刺参自溶肽和糖肽混合物保留时间分别为20.885 min和21.320 min, 峰面积百分比为94.07%和91.67%, 这说明用自溶的方法制备的刺参肽中94.07%的组分分子量集中在495.5 u附近, 91.67%的糖肽混合物分子量集中在441.7 u附近, 单一引入D-木糖对自溶肽的分子量分布影响较小。经过美拉德反应后, 美拉德反应产物主要的出峰时间集中在16 min之前, 产物的分子量大于刺参自溶肽和糖肽混合物, 大分子量组分占比较反应前也有增加, 具体增加比例如表4所示。
在美拉德反应过程中, 大分子肽会发生热降解, 同时肽和木糖会发生交联, 而小分子肽与木糖的交联作用比大分子肽的热降解更为明显[25]。通过表4分析可知, 糖肽混合物分子量441.7 u的组分与美拉德反应产物424.3 u的组分保留时间相差不超过0.2 min, 可认为是同一组分, 峰面积占比由原本的91.67%降低至1.42%, 又由于肽与木糖的简单混合对分子量的变化影响微小, 说明美拉德反应导致产物的分子量发生了明显变化, 大部分分子量集中在3600 u以上(3681.1~8043.1 u)。林钦淋等[26]实验中分子量在180~500 u的肽组分含量明显下降, 在美拉德反应中被消耗, 推测180~500 u组分为美拉德肽生成过程主要反应肽段。赵谋明等[27]对花生分离蛋白和葡萄糖的美拉德反应进行研究, 结果发现葡萄糖的引入使大于10000 u的蛋白组分显著增加, 小于3000 u组分含量显著降低。
通过对样品的抗氧化活性进行测定, 结果如图5所示。羟自由基是较活跃的自由基, 几乎可以与人体内所有有机物反应, 造成DNA损伤, 脂肪酸过氧化和各种酶失活等。肽含有碳氢元素, 氢原子和羟自由基反应生成水, 碳原子提供电子, 将羟自由基分解, 从而达到清除自由基的效果, 进而保护机体细胞损伤和延缓衰老[28]。由图5A可知, 美拉德反应前, 刺参自溶肽羟自由基清除能力随着质量浓度增大而逐渐增强, 质量浓度10 mg/mL时, 羟自由基清除率为(28.97±0.43)%, 糖肽混合物羟自由基清除率为(30.46±2.49)%, 说明单一的引入D-木糖并不会对刺参自溶肽本身羟自由基清除率造成太大影响。而美拉德反应产物在2 mg/mL质量浓度时, 羟自由基清除率就达到(44.88±0.46)%, 且随着质量浓度增大, 清除能力不断上升, 8 mg/mL时, 羟自由基清除能力增长趋势趋于平缓, 此时的清除率为(88.98±0.14)%, 是相同质量浓度糖肽混合物羟自由基清除能力的3.27倍。
DPPH自由基溶于有机试剂时会呈现深紫色, 抗氧化剂的引入能够与DPPH自由基上的单电子结合, 导致深紫色变浅甚至消失, 测定其在517 nm处吸光度值能够有效判断待测物质的抗氧化能力[29]。如图5B所示, 刺参自溶肽具有良好的DPPH自由基清除能力, 相同质量浓度下, 糖肽混合物比刺参自溶肽DPPH清除能力略有升高, 说明D-木糖也具有一定的清除能力。美拉德反应产物DPPH自由基清除能力高于前两者, 质量浓度为8 mg/mL时, 清除能力达到92.57%; 当质量浓度为10 mg/mL时, 清除能力达到95.18%, 是相同质量浓度糖肽混合物DPPH自由基清除能力的1.38倍。
通过ABTS+来鉴定物质抗氧化活性的原理是: 利用氧化剂将ABTS氧化成ABTS+自由基, 此时的溶液呈现蓝绿色, 再将待鉴定的物质加入到蓝绿色溶液中, 通过判断蓝绿色是否变浅或完全褪色来判断抗氧化能力, 发现ABTS+自由基清除能力与具有抗氧化活性的样品质量浓度成正相关[28]。如图5C所示, 刺参自溶肽对于ABTS+自由基清除能力较差, 随着质量浓度增大, 清除能力呈微弱上升趋势, 加入D-木糖后, 糖肽混合物同样没有较强的清除能力;而美拉德反应产物呈现较强的ABTS+自由基清除能力, 质量浓度4 mg/mL时, 清除率达到(73.10±0.18)%, 6 mg/mL时达到(92.67±0.04)%, 8 mg/mL和10 mg/mL质量浓度下ABTS+自由基清除能力相对稳定, 均在97%以上, 是相同质量浓度下糖肽混合物清除能力的12倍。美拉德反应很大程度上改善了刺参自溶肽对ABTS+自由基的清除能力。
肽段与糖发生反应所生成的终产物类黑精具有很好的Fe3+还原能力。如图5D所示, 随着质量浓度不断增加, 刺参自溶肽Fe3+还原能力上升趋势平缓, 而美拉德反应产物Fe3+还原能力呈现明显的质量浓度依赖性。质量浓度8 mg/mL时, 美拉德反应产物Fe3+还原能力是相同质量浓度刺参自溶肽Fe3+还原能力的6.3倍; 质量浓度10 mg/mL时, 美拉德反应产物Fe3+还原能力是0.57±0.03, 且仍然有上升趋势, 是相同质量浓度糖肽混合物Fe3+还原能力的10倍。黄朝汤[30]在小麦蛋白水解物与糖的美拉德反应中也发现, 美拉德反应产物Fe3+还原能力明显增强。美拉德反应产物中所生成的杂环化合物和吡啶酮等物质能够提供电子, 从而提高整体的Fe3+还原能力。
本研究使用自溶现象制备刺参肽, 通过控制刺参自溶肽和D-木糖的反应时间、反应温度和质量比3个方面对美拉德反应进行单因素实验和正交实验, 确定在4 h, 120 ℃, 肽糖质量比1:2 (g:g)下为最佳反应条件。经过美拉德反应后, 美拉德反应产物中游离氨基质量浓度显著下降(P<0.05), 由(32.35±1.90) μg/mL下降至(12.68±1.10) μg/mL; 荧光光谱在434 nm处有明显吸收峰, 验证了美拉德反应终产物前期物质即荧光物质含量的增加; 紫外光谱扫描在288 nm处有吸收峰形成, 代表中间产物的生成。刺参自溶肽与D-木糖通过美拉德反应大量发生交联作用, 使糖肽混合物441.7 u附近的组分大幅降低, 由91.67%降低至1.42%, 生成3600 u以上的大分子量物质; 同时, 美拉德反应产物质量浓度达到8 mg/mL后, 其羟自由基、DPPH自由基、ABTS+自由基清除率均在85%以上, 大幅优于刺参自溶肽, Fe3+还原能力是自溶肽反应前的6.3倍, 美拉德反应极大增强了刺参自溶肽的抗氧化活性, 为制备刺参肽提供新思路。
  • 辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目(LZ212410158017)
  • 辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项(2024JBYBZ004)
  • 辽宁省科技厅面上项目(2022-MS-350)
  • 2024年大连市科技计划项目
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2025年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241107001
  • 接收时间:2024-11-07
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-07
基金
辽宁省高等学校基本科研项目(LZ212410158017)
辽宁省属本科高校基本科研业务费专项(2024JBYBZ004)
辽宁省科技厅面上项目(2022-MS-350)
2024年大连市科技计划项目
作者信息
    1.大连海洋大学食品科学与工程学院, 大连 116023
    2.大连工业大学食品学院, 大连 116034
    3.辽宁省水产品分析检验及加工技术科技服务中心, 大连 116023
    4.辽宁省海洋健康食品工程研究中心, 大连 116023

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* 祁艳霞(1982—), 女, 博士, 副教授, 主要研究方向为食品蛋白质组学。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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