Article(id=1151437189897876075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1730390400000, receivedDateStr=2024-11-01, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752453618740, onlineDateStr=2025-07-14, pubDate=1749916800000, pubDateStr=2025-06-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752453618740, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-14, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752453618740, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752453618740, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1151437189243089177, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='11', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752453618584, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1767768054466, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883492, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1215670588966883493, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1151437189243089177, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=88, endPage=95, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1151895325922390616, articleId=1151437189897876075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the extraction, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from different varieties of longan kernels, columnId=1151895322591638525, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Functional Foods and Functional Components, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To enhance the bioavailability of longan kernels, investigate the bioactive properties of their polyphenols from different cultivars. Methods In this study, polyphenolic compounds were extracted and purified from longan kernels of 8 cultivars (Chuliang, Daguangyan, Shuangzimu, Shuizhang, Fenglisui, Thai, Shixia and Fuyan). The antioxidant and antibacterial functions were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity test, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and inhibition zone experiment, and the differences among different varieties were compared Results Polyphenols from all longan kernels exhibited substantial antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS highest scavenging rates reaching 98.70% and 91.88%, respectively. Moreover, these polyphenols effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 17.0 to 22.6 mm. The results of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of polyphenols extracted from longan kernels of different cultivars indicated that Shuangzimu longan exhibited the highest inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus, at 82.50%. Similarly, Shixia longan showed the highest inhibition rate against Listeria monocytogenes, at 84.60%. Thai longan had the highest inhibition rate of Bacillus subtilis, which was 83.8%. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between total phenol content and DPPH free radical and ABTS cation free radical were higher than 0.9, indicating that 8 varieties of longan kernel polyphenols had good antioxidant capacity. The total phenol content of Fuyan longan showed medium correlation to its resistance to Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes (correlation coefficient 0.8-0.9). Specifically, Shuangzimu and Shixia longans demonstrated inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while Thai longan showed strong inhibitory ability against Bacillus subtilis, and Shuliang longan effectively inhibited Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion This study investigates the variation in total phenolic content as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of longan kernel polyphenols across different cultivars. These observed differences may provide targeted selection of longan kernel polyphenols for specific applications and serve as a reference for understanding their biological activities across cultivars.

, correspAuthors=Qin WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Xi XIE, Da-Ming YANG, Shu-Xian GUO, Jia-Yi LIN, Dong-Jie LIU, Geng-Sheng XIAO, Yi-Ming LIANG, Yi-Fan LIU, Qin WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1151895342653468853, articleId=1151437189897876075, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=不同品种龙眼核多酚的提取及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究, columnId=1151895323909124661, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解龙眼核多酚的生物活性在品种的区别, 提高对龙眼核多酚的生物利用率。方法 以不同品种的龙眼核样品为研究对象(分别来自储良龙眼、大广眼、双孖木龙眼、水涨龙眼、凤梨穗龙眼、泰国龙眼、石峡龙眼、福眼8个品种), 经过预处理后提取纯化的龙眼核多酚, 采用2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力测试、2,2’-氨基苯并三唑-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS)]以及抑菌圈实验对其抗氧化和抗菌功能进行分析, 比较不同品种之间的差异。结果 各品种龙眼核多酚均表现出较强的抗氧化能力, DPPH自由基及ABTS阳离子自由基清除率最高分别可达98.70%和91.88%。龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长均具有显著的抑制效果, 抑菌圈直径在17.0~22.6 mm。各品种龙眼核多酚半抑制浓度结果显示双孖木抑制金黄色葡萄球菌率最高, 为82.50%; 石峡抑制李斯特菌率最高, 为84.6%; 泰国抑制枯草芽孢杆菌率最高, 为83.8%。相关性分析结果显示, 总酚含量与DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基之间相关系数均大于0.9, 说明8个品种龙眼核多酚具有良好的抗氧化能力; 福眼龙眼总酚含量与其抗枯草芽孢菌和抗李斯特菌表现出中等相关(相关系数0.8~0.9), 双孖木龙眼和石峡龙眼对金黄色葡萄球菌相对于其他品种龙眼有抑制作用, 泰国龙眼对枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑制作用(相关系数˃0.9), 储良龙眼对李斯特菌有强抑制作用(相关系数˃0.9)。结论 本研究分析了不同品种龙眼的核多酚在总酚含量以及抗氧化和抗菌方面差异, 这些差异可以筛选出不同用途的龙眼核多酚, 为不同品种的龙眼核多酚的生物活性提供了参考依据。

, correspAuthors=王琴, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王琴(1973—), 女, 教授, 主要研究方向为果蔬加工。E-mail:
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谢曦(1988—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为生物技术。E-mail:

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注: 不同小写字母表示差异显著, P<0.05, 下同。

, figureFileSmall=yUyNxovUYalCdzCRJL8/kQ==, figureFileBig=787qmMlPapXgn/9CnAAIKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787661636298, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Antioxidant capacity of different varieties of longan kernels, figureFileSmall=KNlRyLtlrtE0fbgumVKsEw==, figureFileBig=F2uQF1Z/O0y8t4TkRJ8x1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787716162252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=CN, label=图2, caption=不同品种龙眼核多酚的抗氧化能力, figureFileSmall=KNlRyLtlrtE0fbgumVKsEw==, figureFileBig=F2uQF1Z/O0y8t4TkRJ8x1g==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787770688206, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Antibacterial rate of different varieties of longan kernels polyphenols, figureFileSmall=BZOa2wFiY+4ec0FgG1v+sw==, figureFileBig=K8PRiXvVtqaid+IHFjWPfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787821019856, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同品种龙眼核多酚的抑菌率

注: A. 金黄色葡萄球菌, B. 李斯特菌, C. 枯草芽孢杆菌。

, figureFileSmall=BZOa2wFiY+4ec0FgG1v+sw==, figureFileBig=K8PRiXvVtqaid+IHFjWPfQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787871351506, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Correlation analysis heat map, figureFileSmall=rv8oQY0k1HOwCnhXNPza7A==, figureFileBig=xcVt6QyIDj/gAGQblIxSuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787942654676, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=CN, label=图4, caption=相关性分析热图

注: 强相关(>0.9); 中等程度相关(0.8~0.9); 低相关(<0.8)。

, figureFileSmall=rv8oQY0k1HOwCnhXNPza7A==, figureFileBig=xcVt6QyIDj/gAGQblIxSuQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1167030787997180630, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Diameters of the antibacterial inhibition zones of polyphenols from different longan varieties (mm)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稀释
倍数/倍
储良 大广 双孖木 水涨 凤梨穗 泰国 石峡 福眼
金黄色
葡萄球菌
0 19.09±0.8bc 21.73±0.33a 19.80±0.42b 18.04±0.72c 17.99±0.09c 19.83±0.22b 19.80±0.41b 17.97±0.20c
2 15.07±0.68c 16.93±0.27a 16.76±0.35a 16.38±0.17ab 15.16±0.23c 15.73±0.44bc 17.07±0.19a 15.45±0.43c
4 13.17±0.6ab 12.46±1.13bc 11.72±0.63c 11.65±1.01c 13.25±0.49ab 13.40±0.35ab 13.92±0.74a 12.89±0.25abc
8 11.31±0.63bc 10.94±0.42cd 11.72±0.13b 11.14±0.12bc 10.09±0.22e 10.34±0.28de 12.47±0.32a 11.03±0.48bcd
李斯特菌 0 19.25±0.44c 20.49±0.25bc 22.03±1.43ab 20.80±1.07bc 20.06±0.27c 20.76±0.77bc 22.60±0.62a 20.28±0.74c
2 16.93±0.51c 18.80±0.71ab 19.53±0.32a 18.97±0.43ab 18.46±0.43ab 17.83±0.31bc 18.83±1.33ab 18.00±0.85bc
4 15.11±1.34b 17.38±1.49a 17.08±0.99a 17.34±1.05a 13.96±0.75b 14.23±0.46b 15.56±0.62ab 13.83±0.53b
8 11.86±0.42bc 13.65±1.9ab 14.65±1.22a 13.38±1.56ab 11.97±0.71bc 12.71±0.63abc 13.52±0.93ab 10.97±0.69c
枯草芽孢
杆菌
0 19.59±2.48abc 20.69±1.12ab 21.96±0.83a 20.37±0.75ab 18.66±1.39bc 17.00±1.17c 19.99±0.39ab 19.34±1.21abc
2 16.16±0.45e 16.86±0.19d 19.50±0.14a 18.55±0.51b 17.68±0.03c 17.37±0.15cd 17.84±0.44c 18.58±0.04b
4 12.57±0.23d 13.49±0.44c 15.75±0.30a 15.94±0.29a 12.62±0.20d 11.84±0.20e 15.74±0.30a 14.23±0.38b
8 11.44±0.31bc 11.30±0.59bc 13.36±0.08a 12.80±1.08ab 10.90±1.39c 10.87±0.72c 11.75±1.09abc 11.98±1.10abc
), ArticleFig(id=1167030788093649624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1151437189897876075, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

不同品种龙眼核多酚抑菌圈直径(mm)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
稀释
倍数/倍
储良 大广 双孖木 水涨 凤梨穗 泰国 石峡 福眼
金黄色
葡萄球菌
0 19.09±0.8bc 21.73±0.33a 19.80±0.42b 18.04±0.72c 17.99±0.09c 19.83±0.22b 19.80±0.41b 17.97±0.20c
2 15.07±0.68c 16.93±0.27a 16.76±0.35a 16.38±0.17ab 15.16±0.23c 15.73±0.44bc 17.07±0.19a 15.45±0.43c
4 13.17±0.6ab 12.46±1.13bc 11.72±0.63c 11.65±1.01c 13.25±0.49ab 13.40±0.35ab 13.92±0.74a 12.89±0.25abc
8 11.31±0.63bc 10.94±0.42cd 11.72±0.13b 11.14±0.12bc 10.09±0.22e 10.34±0.28de 12.47±0.32a 11.03±0.48bcd
李斯特菌 0 19.25±0.44c 20.49±0.25bc 22.03±1.43ab 20.80±1.07bc 20.06±0.27c 20.76±0.77bc 22.60±0.62a 20.28±0.74c
2 16.93±0.51c 18.80±0.71ab 19.53±0.32a 18.97±0.43ab 18.46±0.43ab 17.83±0.31bc 18.83±1.33ab 18.00±0.85bc
4 15.11±1.34b 17.38±1.49a 17.08±0.99a 17.34±1.05a 13.96±0.75b 14.23±0.46b 15.56±0.62ab 13.83±0.53b
8 11.86±0.42bc 13.65±1.9ab 14.65±1.22a 13.38±1.56ab 11.97±0.71bc 12.71±0.63abc 13.52±0.93ab 10.97±0.69c
枯草芽孢
杆菌
0 19.59±2.48abc 20.69±1.12ab 21.96±0.83a 20.37±0.75ab 18.66±1.39bc 17.00±1.17c 19.99±0.39ab 19.34±1.21abc
2 16.16±0.45e 16.86±0.19d 19.50±0.14a 18.55±0.51b 17.68±0.03c 17.37±0.15cd 17.84±0.44c 18.58±0.04b
4 12.57±0.23d 13.49±0.44c 15.75±0.30a 15.94±0.29a 12.62±0.20d 11.84±0.20e 15.74±0.30a 14.23±0.38b
8 11.44±0.31bc 11.30±0.59bc 13.36±0.08a 12.80±1.08ab 10.90±1.39c 10.87±0.72c 11.75±1.09abc 11.98±1.10abc
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不同品种龙眼核多酚的提取及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究
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谢曦 1 , 杨达明 1 , 郭淑贤 1 , 林佳宜 1 , 刘东杰 1, 2 , 肖更生 1 , 梁苡铭 3 , 刘袆帆 1 , 王琴 1, 2, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025,16(11): 88-95
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:功能性食品与功能性成分 2025, 16(11): 88-95
不同品种龙眼核多酚的提取及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究
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谢曦1 , 杨达明1, 郭淑贤1, 林佳宜1, 刘东杰1, 2, 肖更生1, 梁苡铭3, 刘袆帆1, 王琴1, 2, *
作者信息
  • 1. 仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院, 广州 510225
  • 2. 岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心, 茂名 525000
  • 3. 广州万珠央厨有限公司, 广州 510070
  • 谢曦(1988—), 女, 博士, 讲师, 主要研究方向为生物技术。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王琴(1973—), 女, 教授, 主要研究方向为果蔬加工。E-mail:
Study on the extraction, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from different varieties of longan kernels
Xi XIE1 , Da-Ming YANG1, Shu-Xian GUO1, Jia-Yi LIN1, Dong-Jie LIU1, 2, Geng-Sheng XIAO1, Yi-Ming LIANG3, Yi-Fan LIU1, Qin WANG1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. College of Light Industry and Food, Zhongkai University of Agriculture and Engineering, Gangzhou 510225, China
  • 2. Maoming Branch, Guangdong Laboratory for Lingnan Modern Agriculture, Maoming 525000, China
  • 3. Guangzhou Wanzhu Central Kitchen Co., Ltd., Guangzhou 510070, China
出版时间: 2025-06-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101003
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目的 了解龙眼核多酚的生物活性在品种的区别, 提高对龙眼核多酚的生物利用率。方法 以不同品种的龙眼核样品为研究对象(分别来自储良龙眼、大广眼、双孖木龙眼、水涨龙眼、凤梨穗龙眼、泰国龙眼、石峡龙眼、福眼8个品种), 经过预处理后提取纯化的龙眼核多酚, 采用2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力测试、2,2’-氨基苯并三唑-6-磺酸[2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid, ABTS)]以及抑菌圈实验对其抗氧化和抗菌功能进行分析, 比较不同品种之间的差异。结果 各品种龙眼核多酚均表现出较强的抗氧化能力, DPPH自由基及ABTS阳离子自由基清除率最高分别可达98.70%和91.88%。龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的生长均具有显著的抑制效果, 抑菌圈直径在17.0~22.6 mm。各品种龙眼核多酚半抑制浓度结果显示双孖木抑制金黄色葡萄球菌率最高, 为82.50%; 石峡抑制李斯特菌率最高, 为84.6%; 泰国抑制枯草芽孢杆菌率最高, 为83.8%。相关性分析结果显示, 总酚含量与DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基之间相关系数均大于0.9, 说明8个品种龙眼核多酚具有良好的抗氧化能力; 福眼龙眼总酚含量与其抗枯草芽孢菌和抗李斯特菌表现出中等相关(相关系数0.8~0.9), 双孖木龙眼和石峡龙眼对金黄色葡萄球菌相对于其他品种龙眼有抑制作用, 泰国龙眼对枯草芽孢杆菌有较强的抑制作用(相关系数˃0.9), 储良龙眼对李斯特菌有强抑制作用(相关系数˃0.9)。结论 本研究分析了不同品种龙眼的核多酚在总酚含量以及抗氧化和抗菌方面差异, 这些差异可以筛选出不同用途的龙眼核多酚, 为不同品种的龙眼核多酚的生物活性提供了参考依据。

龙眼核  /  多酚  /  品种  /  抗氧化  /  抑菌

Objective To enhance the bioavailability of longan kernels, investigate the bioactive properties of their polyphenols from different cultivars. Methods In this study, polyphenolic compounds were extracted and purified from longan kernels of 8 cultivars (Chuliang, Daguangyan, Shuangzimu, Shuizhang, Fenglisui, Thai, Shixia and Fuyan). The antioxidant and antibacterial functions were analyzed by 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging capacity test, 2,2’-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS) and inhibition zone experiment, and the differences among different varieties were compared Results Polyphenols from all longan kernels exhibited substantial antioxidant activity, with DPPH and ABTS highest scavenging rates reaching 98.70% and 91.88%, respectively. Moreover, these polyphenols effectively inhibited the growth of Staphylococcus aureus, Listeria monocytogenes and Bacillus subtilis, with inhibition zone diameters ranging from 17.0 to 22.6 mm. The results of the half-maximal inhibitory concentration of polyphenols extracted from longan kernels of different cultivars indicated that Shuangzimu longan exhibited the highest inhibition rate against Staphylococcus aureus, at 82.50%. Similarly, Shixia longan showed the highest inhibition rate against Listeria monocytogenes, at 84.60%. Thai longan had the highest inhibition rate of Bacillus subtilis, which was 83.8%. Correlation analysis showed that the correlation coefficients between total phenol content and DPPH free radical and ABTS cation free radical were higher than 0.9, indicating that 8 varieties of longan kernel polyphenols had good antioxidant capacity. The total phenol content of Fuyan longan showed medium correlation to its resistance to Bacillus subtilis and Listeria monocytogenes (correlation coefficient 0.8-0.9). Specifically, Shuangzimu and Shixia longans demonstrated inhibitory effects against Staphylococcus aureus, while Thai longan showed strong inhibitory ability against Bacillus subtilis, and Shuliang longan effectively inhibited Listeria monocytogenes. Conclusion This study investigates the variation in total phenolic content as well as the antioxidant and antibacterial properties of longan kernel polyphenols across different cultivars. These observed differences may provide targeted selection of longan kernel polyphenols for specific applications and serve as a reference for understanding their biological activities across cultivars.

longan kernel  /  polyphenol  /  varieties  /  antioxidant  /  antibacterial
谢曦, 杨达明, 郭淑贤, 林佳宜, 刘东杰, 肖更生, 梁苡铭, 刘袆帆, 王琴. 不同品种龙眼核多酚的提取及其抗氧化和抑菌活性研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (11) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101003
Xi XIE, Da-Ming YANG, Shu-Xian GUO, Jia-Yi LIN, Dong-Jie LIU, Geng-Sheng XIAO, Yi-Ming LIANG, Yi-Fan LIU, Qin WANG. Study on the extraction, antioxidant and antibacterial activities of polyphenols from different varieties of longan kernels[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (11) : 88 -95 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101003
龙眼(Dimocarpus Longana Lour), 又名“桂圆”, 属无患子科植物[1]。龙眼既是食品又是药品, 具有药食同源价值[2]。龙眼具有丰富的营养价值, 例如碳水化合物、钾、氨基酸和维生素C等[3], 龙眼果实中富含多酚类物质, 具有重要的生物活性, 包括细胞内自由基清除能力、金属螯合、抑制细胞的抑制作用[4]。中国的龙眼种质资源丰富, 主要的分布地在广东、福建、广西等南方省份[5]。在当前的龙眼加工产业中, 主要的加工方法侧重于龙眼干、桂圆肉以及龙眼果肉罐头的制作。但在这些加工流程中, 龙眼核往往被视为副产品或废弃物, 其年产量高达数十万吨[6]。龙眼核为龙眼的种仁, 含有大量的生物活性物质, 如多糖类[7]、黄酮和多酚类物质等[8-9]。因此, 废弃龙眼核中的高含量酚类物质成为了提取多酚的良好来源[10]。多酚类物质是由多个酚基团连接而成的复杂分子, 具有抗氧化和抗菌等作用[11]。人体内部的自由基生成是持续不断的, 它们会针对细胞膜、DNA等关键组成部分发起攻击, 进而造成细胞的损伤[12]。而多酚的抗氧化能力, 黄儒强等[13]发现龙眼核提取物能显著提高小鼠血清中的超化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)、谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-Px)等抗氧化酶活性, 同时有效降低脂质过氧化物丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量。RANGKADILOK等[14]成功从龙眼核中分离出柯里拉京, 并发现龙眼核的提取物在清除自由基和超氧阴离子自由基方面有显著的效果。此外多酚类化合物能一定程度地抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、大肠杆菌。邹金美等[15]发现龙眼核经95%乙醇提取后的物质对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制作用尤为显著, 抑菌圈直径高达27.95 mm。此外, 该提取物对另外6种细菌及白色念珠菌也展现出不同程度的抑制效果。SUDJAROEN[16]的研究指出龙眼核提取物能够抑制金黄色葡萄球菌、铜绿假单胞菌和白色念珠菌的生长, 对Vero细胞具有较好的抗疟活性, 无细胞毒性作用。ZHANG等[17]研究表明龙眼核提取物可以对牙龈卟啉单胞菌具有一定抑制作用。
通过了解前人的研究, 发现目前对龙眼中多酚类物质的研究主要集中在龙眼果肉和果壳中的核多酚, 而龙眼核多酚及品种间的差异化少有报道。龙眼因品种不同其内含的化学物质也不同[18], 不同品种的龙眼核在生长环境、遗传因素等方面存在差异, 这可能导致其多酚成分和生物活性的不同。本研究提取不同品种龙眼核中的多酚, 通过测定2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(2,2-diphenyl- 1-picrylhydrazyl, DPPH)自由基清除能力和2,2-联氮-二(3-乙基-苯并噻唑-6-磺酸)二铵盐[ABTS]阳离子自由基清除率, 评价不同品种龙眼核多酚的抗氧化活性。采用抑菌圈试验, 测定不同品种龙眼核多酚对常见食品腐败菌和致病菌的抗菌活性, 比较不同品种龙眼核多酚的抗菌能力。从而筛选出抗氧化和抗菌效果显著的品种, 以期为龙眼核多酚的应用提供科学依据。
金黄色葡萄球菌(Staphylococcus aureus, GDMCC NO.1.1348)、李斯特菌(Listeria monocytogenes, GDMCC NO.1.5143)、枯草芽孢杆菌(Bacillus subtilis, GDMCC NO.1.131)、大肠杆菌(Escherichia coli, GDMCC NO.1.1917)、酿酒酵母(Saccharomyces cerevisiae, GDMCC NO.2.44)均购于广东微生物菌种保藏中心。
8个品种龙眼均采购于各产地市场; 储良龙眼、双孖木龙眼和石峡龙眼均采自广东茂名开发区站南市场; 大广龙眼采自广东雷州上坡农贸市场; 水涨龙眼和凤梨穗龙眼采自厦门市同安区城西农贸市场; 福眼龙眼采自厦门泉州滨城农贸市场; 泰国龙眼采自网络进口农贸产品。
无水乙醇、氯化钠、过硫酸钾、D-无水葡萄糖(分析纯, 天津市永大化学试剂有限公司); 2,2-联苯基-1-苦基肼基(纯度96%)、2,2’-联氨-双(3-乙基苯并噻唑啉-6-磺酸)二胺盐(上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司); 植物总酚测试盒(南京建成生物工程研究所); 酵母提取物、TSA固体培养基、胰蛋白胨、YPD液体培养基、牛肉浸膏、营养琼脂(广东环凯微生物科技有限公司)。
MA203E电子天平(精度0.1 mg, 上海梅特勒托利多国际有限公司); RV 10 digital pro V Complete真空旋转蒸发仪[艾卡(广州)仪器设备有限公司]; Infinite 200 PRO酶标仪(瑞士帝肯奥地利有限公司); UV 1800紫外可见分光光度计(上海菁华科技仪器有限公司); 600 Y高速多功能粉碎机(永康市铂欧五金制品有限公司); LHS-HC-II恒温恒湿箱、DHG-9013 A电热鼓风干燥箱(上海一恒科学仪器有限公司); L 550台式低速离心机(湖南湘仪试验室仪器开发有限公司)。
参考唐福才等[19]的方法进行修改, 将龙眼果核粉碎, 过筛, 称取1.000 g粉末, 按1:30 (g:mL)的料液比加入75%的乙醇溶液, 在70 ℃下进行40 min超声提取。然后使用离心机以4000 r/min的转速离心8 min, 上清液转移至100 mL容量瓶中, 再用75%的乙醇溶液进行定容, 最后通过真空旋转蒸发仪进行浓缩, 制得龙眼核多酚的提取样液。
在碱性环境中, 酚类物质与钨钼酸发生还原反应, 从而生成一种具有蓝色特征的化合物, 这种化合物在光谱的760 nm波长处展现出特定的吸收峰。通过精确测量这一波长下的吸光值, 本研究可以有效地计算出样品中总酚的含量。这种方法不仅准确可靠, 而且为酚类物质的定量分析提供了一种有效的手段。本研究根据植物总酚测试盒进行测定。
参照梁志等[20]的方法略微进行一些修改, 事先用无水乙醇配制好0.04 mg/mL的DPPH溶液, 将其放置于4 ℃环境下避光保存备用。取100 µL提取液, 加入100 µL DPPH 溶液并避光室温反应30 min, 用无水乙醇作为参比, 在517 nm下测定提取液吸光值A1, 将DPPH溶液换无水乙醇作为对照组吸光值为A1’, 设置未加提取液仅加DPPH和无水乙醇作空白组1吸光值为A2, 用等体积的无水乙醇作空白组2吸光值为A2’。计算公式见(1):
DPPH自由基清除率/%=$\frac{\text{1}-({{A}_{1}}-A_{1}^{})}{{{A}_{2}}-A_{2}^{}}$×100%
准确称取0.192 g ABTS试剂, 随后采用2.45 mg/mL的过硫酸钾溶液进行溶解, 定容至50 mL, 并在室温下避光静置保存12 h。为了后续的试验需要, 将ABTS溶液进行适当稀释, 直至吸光值达到0.70±0.02 (734 nm)的范围内。取50 µL提取液并加入150 µL ABTS溶液混合, 并避光反应6 min, 在734 nm下测定提取液吸光值A3[21], 将ABTS溶液换蒸馏水作为对照组吸光值为A3’, 设置未加提取液仅加蒸馏水和ABTS作空白组1吸光值为A4, 用等体积的蒸馏水作空白组2吸光值为A4’。计算公式见(2):
ABTS阳离子自由基清除率/%=$\frac{\text{1}-({{A}_{\text{3}}}-A_{\text{3}}^{})}{{{A}_{\text{4}}}-A_{\text{4}}^{}}$×100%
(1)菌种复苏活化
将保存的菌种接种于合适的平板培养基上, 置于恒温培养箱中, 37 ℃/30 ℃(酿酒酵母)培养24 h使菌种复苏。从复苏的平板上挑取单菌落, 接种于新的平板培养基上, 划线分离, 再次培养24 h, 以获得纯种菌落。
(2)供试菌株菌悬液的制备
用干净的接种环挑取已经培养好的平板上的单菌落, 接种于相应的液体培养基中, 置于恒温摇床机中, 37 ℃/30 ℃(酿酒酵母)、150 r/min培养12 h。取培养好的菌液, 用紫外可见分光光度计测定其在600 nm时的吸光值, 根据试验需要, 通过稀释获得特定OD值的菌液, 本研究取OD600=0.3。
(3)菌液涂布与滤纸片
取200 µL稀释后的菌液, 用无菌涂布器将菌液均匀涂布于新的固体平板培养基上。事先用打孔机将定性滤纸打成直径为6 mm的小圆纸片, 放进培养皿中121 ℃高压蒸汽灭菌15 min, 用无菌镊子将滤纸片贴在涂布好的平板上, 确保滤纸片与培养基表面紧密贴合。每个平板贴4个滤纸片, 分别为4个品种, 8个品种则为两个平板, 以及一个空白对照平板, 平行试验3次。
(4)样品添加与培养
用无菌水分别稀释待测样品, 设4个浓度梯度, 分别为原液、2、4、8倍。取10 µL待测样品, 以5%的乙醇溶液为空白对照, 分别精准滴加在滤纸片中央, 确保样品完全浸透滤纸片。用封口膜将处理好的平板包好, 保证其不受污染, 放入恒温培养箱中, 37 ℃/30 ℃(酵母菌)培养24 h。
(5)抑菌圈结果记录与直径测量
培养结束后取出平板, 在同一水平面上与标尺一起拍照记录, 将图片导入ImageJ 2.0软件并设置比例尺, 观察滤纸片周围抑菌圈的形成情况, 根据图片实际情况测量抑菌圈直径。
半抑制浓度(half maximal inhibitory concentration, IC50)。根据稀释倍数0、2、4、8、16、32、64处理样品, 进行预试验, 筛选出合适的倍数区间进行正式试验。准备灭好菌的1.5 mL离心管, 相应的液体培养基, 菌悬液, 无菌水, 用无菌水稀释样品至目标倍数, 用培养基按1:1000的比例稀释菌液, 按照待测样品:菌液=1:9的例加入离心管, 本研究采用36 µL样品加324 µL菌液的体积进行试验, 以不加样品的菌液作为阴性对照, 其测定值为A, 加样品的菌液测定值为A, 平行试验3次, 37 ℃/30 ℃(酵母菌)培养48 h后, 在600 nm下测定OD值, 计算抑菌率。计算见公式(3):
$\text { 抑菌率 } /\%=\frac{\left(A_{\text {阴 }}-A_{\text {实 }}\right)}{A_{\text {阴 }}} \times 100 \%$
所有试验均做3次平行, 结果以平均值±标准偏差表示。测量抑菌圈直径采用ImageJ 2.0软件; 所有数据分析采用GraphPad Prism 10软件进行分析, 使用Excel 2019和Origin 2021作图。
8个品种龙眼核总酚含量如图1所示, 福眼核提取的多酚化合物总酚含量相对最高, 为99.12 µmol/g, 与其他品种有显著性差异。其中储良龙眼、大广龙眼和水涨龙眼也都具有较高的总酚含量, 双孖木龙眼次之, 另外凤梨穗、泰国、石峡3个品种总酚含量偏低, 其中以泰国龙眼含量最低, 为94.34 µmol/g。根据方差分析结果显示, 不同品种之间总酚含量具有显著性差异(P<0.05)。不同品种之间含量产生差异, 可能与生长地的地理环境(如气候、土壤等)有关系[22]
图2A所示, 各个品种的DPPH自由基清除率范围在93.42%~98.70%, 清除率相近, 都在90%以上。图2B方差分析结果显示各品种对于ABTS阳离子自由基清除能力具有显著性差异(P<0.05), 以大广龙眼的清除率最高。ABTS阳离子自由基清除率依次为大广(91.88%)˃双孖木(91.18%)˃石峡(90.02%)˃福眼(89.72%)˃水涨(85.59%)˃储良(85.83%)˃泰国(84.86%)˃凤梨穗(84.72%)。储良、水涨、凤梨穗和泰国的抗氧化效果偏弱。但分别对比DPPH自由基以及ABTS阳离子自由基清除率, 大广、双孖木、石峡和福眼都表现出较高的自由基清除率水平, 反之, 储良、水涨、凤梨穗和泰国都表现出较低的自由基清除率水平。因此8个品种在清除效果方面二者具有一定相似度, 这可能与龙眼核中的抗氧化活性成分对各类自由基的敏感性和作用机制有关[23]。另外, 结合总酚含量可以发现不同品种总酚类化合物与其抗氧化活性表现出弱相关性[18], 原因可能是在高浓度多酚的情况下, 可能会存在分子间的相互作用或聚集, 影响它们与自由基的反应[24]
抑菌实验结果显示龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌都有抑菌圈的出现, 核多酚原液抑菌圈直径在17.0~22.6 mm范围, 可以说明龙眼核多酚具有不同程度的抗菌能力。
表1所示, 3个菌种的抑菌圈直径结果都有同样的趋势, 随着稀释倍数的增加, 抑菌圈的直径随之递减, 说明在相同培养条件下, 龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌、李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制作用与多酚提取液的浓度成正相关。此外, 可以看出金黄色葡萄球菌的抑菌圈直径长度总体较低于李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌, 表明龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌的抑制效果相比于其他两个菌较弱, 这可能是因为金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞壁较厚, 面对多酚类物质时可以弱化其效果[25]。也可能是金黄色葡萄球菌表面形成了一层生物膜, 这层膜与菌本身相互作用使其更难被抗菌物质抑制[26]
为了确保本研究的科学性, 因此仅以龙眼核多酚原提取浓度的抑菌圈直径数据作分析。对于金黄色葡萄球菌抑制作用较强的是大广和泰国, 分别为(21.73±0.33)、(19.83±0.22) mm。而凤梨穗和福眼抑菌效果比较差, 仅为(17.99±0.09)、(17.97±0.20) mm; 凤梨穗、储良和福眼抑制李斯特菌效果相对于其他品种较差, 在20 mm左右; 双孖木抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的抑菌圈直径最高, 泰国龙眼则明显比其他品种抑制枯草芽孢杆菌效果差, 仅为17 mm左右(P<0.05)。
为了深入探讨不同品种龙眼核多酚提取液的稀释倍数对3种菌抑制效果, 将抑制金黄色葡萄球菌试验的样品稀释倍数区间定为0、2、8、32倍, 李斯特菌和枯草芽孢杆菌则定为0、4、8、32倍, 结果见如图3A所示。在龙眼核多酚原液中, 双孖木的抑菌率最高, 其次是石峡, 可达到80%以上的抑菌效果, 分别约为82.50%、81.08%, 并且所有品种的IC50都在稀释倍数8倍左右, 根据图3A上整体趋势来看, 抑菌率较高的为双孖木、石峡和大广, 较低的为储良。综上所述, 不同品种龙眼核多酚对金黄色葡萄球菌的IC50在8倍稀释度左右, 其中储良、凤梨穗、泰国和福眼这4个品种在8倍稀释度时抑菌率仍未达到50%, 表明大广、双孖木、水涨和石峡龙眼抑制金黄色葡萄球菌的效果较好。
对于李斯特菌的抑制效果见图3B。凤梨穗的IC50为稀释倍数4倍, 其他品种的IC50为稀释倍数8倍; 8个品种的原液都可达到80%左右的抑菌效果, 最高的为双孖木和石峡, 分别为83.96%、84.6%, 但是凤梨穗原液的抑菌率相比于其他品种都低; 储良32倍样液则没有抑菌效果。整体上看, 水涨原液抑菌率高于80%, 在4倍稀释后抑菌率仍然高达79%, 同比下降2%。其余7个品种下降趋势均大于8%,并且水涨32倍稀释时抑菌率仍是所有品种中最高, 因此水涨龙眼抑制李斯特菌的效果最好。
对于枯草芽孢杆菌的抑制效果见图3C。储良和凤梨穗的IC50为稀释倍数4倍, 其他品种龙眼的IC50为稀释倍数8倍, 泰国和石峡最为接近; 除了储良和凤梨穗, 其他品种的0倍稀释都可达近80%的抑菌效果。整体上看, 抑菌效果较好的是泰国和水涨, 其中泰国0倍稀释抑菌率高达83.8%; 水涨虽然0倍稀释抑菌率不高, 但是其随稀释倍速增加抑菌率下降范围较小, 32倍稀释后可达到25%。较低的储良, 0倍稀释及32倍稀释都较低。综上所述, 泰国龙眼和水涨龙眼抑制枯草芽孢杆菌的效果最好。
图4所示, 可以看出各品种之间总酚含量具有一定的相关性; 右侧各品种总酚含量与DPPH自由基和ABTS阳离子自由基之间的相关性系数均大于0.9, 表现为强相关, 说明龙眼核多酚含量与其抗氧化能力具有一定的相关性, 即为总酚含量越大, 抗氧化能力越强。福眼总酚含量高但是对比抗菌能力, 抗枯草芽孢杆菌和李斯特菌与各品种总酚含量之间相关系数在0.8~0.9之间, 推测可能与其抗菌活性物质的含量有关[27]。储良对抗李斯特菌较其他品种表现出更高的相关性(相关系数为0.9), 说明储良龙眼中有较多的黄酮类化合物[28]。泰国龙眼与抗枯草芽孢杆菌之间呈现显著相关(相关系数大于0.9),原因可能是泰国龙眼中主要的多酚类物质是鞣花酸[29],有研究表明该物质对枯草芽孢杆菌抑制作用[30]。对于抗金黄色葡萄球菌能力则大部分品种表现为低相关, 相关系数在0.8以下, 然而石峡与双孖木相对于其他品种抗金黄色葡萄球菌能力较好一点, 其相关系数在0.8~0.9之间。出现大部分品种抗金黄色葡萄球菌能力较差的现象可能是由于龙眼核多酚中的主要多酚种类为柯里拉京, 这种物质可以通过改变细胞膜的通透性从而使细菌的内容物流出达到抑菌的效果; 但是针对于金黄色葡萄球菌的细胞, NA等[31]通过结晶紫和十二烷基硫酸钠-聚丙烯酰胺凝胶电泳结果显示, 柯里拉京对金黄色葡萄球菌对细胞膜通透性无影响, 其细胞膜上对特殊位点与该物质作用后并不会影响膜的完整性。
有研究发现[32], 龙眼核多酚的总酚含量与抗氧化性能、抗菌性能部分相关, 本研究基本能验证这一点。多酚类化合物成分复杂, 包括黄酮类、花色苷类、类黄酮类等, 而产生抗菌活性的具体物质还不清晰, 还有待研究。植物多酚的抑菌机制复杂, 抑菌活性归因于它们的疏水性质及羟基官能团的存在[33-34], 这决定了它们穿透微生物质膜的能力, 并引起细胞壁、细胞膜和细胞器的物理化学性质的变化, 从而发挥抑菌作用。
本研究以不同品种的龙眼核样品为研究对象, 通过提取其总酚并进行自由基清除能力、抑菌圈直径测定、抑菌IC50的测定等试验性评价测试。可以看出不同品种龙眼核总酚含量相差不大, 都在94.00 µmol/g以上。在抗氧化能力方面, 各品种之间均表现出显著的抗氧化活性, 说明龙眼核多酚具有一定的抗氧化能力, 其中DPPH自由基清除率都高达98.70%, 而ABTS阳离子自由基清除率也在84%~92%范围内。在抗菌活性方面, 随着提取的多酚浓度不断稀释, 其抗菌能力逐渐减弱; 但是大部分品种在原浓度下均有较强的抗菌能力。在多酚原浓度下, 抗菌率可达70%以上。本研究结果则可为8种龙眼的核多酚的生物活性研究提供参考。
  • 广东省科技计划项目(2021B07070100004)
  • 广东省科技计划项目(2023B020250001)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241101003
  • 接收时间:2024-11-01
  • 首发时间:2025-07-14
  • 出版时间:2025-06-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-11-01
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广东省科技计划项目(2021B07070100004)
广东省科技计划项目(2023B020250001)
作者信息
    1. 仲恺农业工程学院轻工食品学院, 广州 510225
    2. 岭南现代农业科学与技术广东省实验室茂名分中心, 茂名 525000
    3. 广州万珠央厨有限公司, 广州 510070

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* 王琴(1973—), 女, 教授, 主要研究方向为果蔬加工。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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