Article(id=1153433738210959882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241023001, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1729612800000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-23, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929632952, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1745510400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929632952, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929632952, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929632952, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433737141412332, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='8', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929632696, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757293087150, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225233, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1171735391666225234, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433737141412332, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=10, endPage=18, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433738659750426, articleId=1153433738210959882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the anti-fatigue effects of Thunnus alalunga collagen oligopeptides, columnId=1151923891565326960, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Processing and Quality Safety of Aquatic Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of tuna skin collagen oligopeptides (TSCOP) on mice using TSCOP derived from the skin of Thunnus alalunga. Methods TSCOP was administered at 3 dose levels—low [0.2 mg/(g·d)], medium [0.4 mg/(g·d)], and high [0.8 mg/(g·d)]—via gavage to mice for 4 consecutive weeks. The anti-fatigue status and related indicators of the mice in each group were evaluated. Results TSCOP had no significant impact on the body weight, food intake, or normal physiological functions of the mice, but it did extend the exhaustive exercise time to some extent. From the perspective of energy metabolism, high-dose TSCOP significantly increased blood glucose (P<0.001) and muscle glycogen levels (P<0.05) in the mice, while markedly reducing the accumulation of protein metabolism byproducts such as urea nitrogen and blood ammonia (P<0.001). Additionally, high-dose TSCOP significantly decreased serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.01). In terms of oxidative stress protection, high-dose TSCOP significantly regulated the balance of the oxidative/antioxidant system (P<0.05) and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde. Conclusion TSCOP not only promotes the repair of skeletal muscle myofibrils but also significantly increases muscle fiber area, muscle mass, and muscle strength, comprehensively improving the fatigue state of the mice’s muscles and significantly enhancing their exercise endurance. TSCOP exhibits notable anti-fatigue properties and shows broad application potential in fields such as sports nutrition and health care.

, correspAuthors=Yu-Mei WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Song-Xia WU, Yu-Dong HU, Xing-Yu MA, Jia-Xin LI, Ying AN, Yu-Mei WANG, Bin WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433770448380674, articleId=1153433738210959882, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=长鳍金枪鱼胶原低聚肽抗疲劳作用研究, columnId=1153433738143851016, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 以长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)鱼皮胶原低聚肽(tuna skin collagen oligopeptides, TSCOP)为原料, 探究TSCOP对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法 将TSCOP设置为低[0.2 mg/(g·d)]、中[0.4 mg/(g·d)]、高[0.8 mg/(g·d)] 3个剂量组, 对小鼠连续4周灌胃, 对各组小鼠抗疲劳状态和指标进行评价。结果 TSCOP对小鼠体重、摄食量和机体正常无显著影响, 并能一定程度延长小鼠力竭运动时间。从能量代谢方面看, 高剂量TSCOP可显著提升小鼠体内血糖(P<0.001)和肌糖原水平(P<0.05), 极显著地降低蛋白质代谢产物尿素氮和血氨的积累(P<0.001)。此外, 高剂量组TSCOP可显著降低血清中肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的含量(P<0.01)。在氧化应激防护方面, 高剂量TSCOP能显著调节机体的氧化/抗氧化系统平衡(P<0.05), 降低丙二醛等脂质过氧化产物的含量。结论 TSCOP不仅能促进骨骼肌原纤维的修复, 还显著提升肌纤维面积、肌质量和肌力量, 全面改善小鼠肌肉的疲劳状态, 显著提升了其运动耐力, 具有显著的抗疲劳功能, 在运动营养、健康保健等领域展现出广泛的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=王玉梅, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王玉梅(1989—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋药物。E-mail:
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吴松霞(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋资源综合利用。E-mail:

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吴松霞(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋资源综合利用。E-mail:

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注: 与CON相比, ***表示具有强极显著差异, P<0.001, **表示具有极显著差异, P<0.01, *表示具有显著性差异, P<0.05。

, figureFileSmall=V1svW1/w8jzCydoYIABnSw==, figureFileBig=VfHxLdRj1O5Fxp/hzW01Zw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944635531637, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of TSCOP on the content of GLU and muscle glycogen levels in mice serum, figureFileSmall=U5p2Zov5nB8vKJe4eUNbCg==, figureFileBig=y7x79QpNYTQsAO9SUBNQKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944698446198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=图3, caption=TSCOP对小鼠血清GLU、肌糖原含量的影响

注: 与CON相比, ###表示具有强极显著差异, P<0.001; 与MG相比, ***表示具有强极显著差异, P<0.001, **表示具有极显著差异, P<0.01, *表示具有显著差异, P<0.05。图4~6同。

, figureFileSmall=U5p2Zov5nB8vKJe4eUNbCg==, figureFileBig=y7x79QpNYTQsAO9SUBNQKQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944761360759, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Fig.4, caption=Effects of TSCOP on the content of BUN and NH3 levels in mice serum, figureFileSmall=beIGbfuNrne2Q/Wqc3dGvQ==, figureFileBig=zn5l6FV06zZd1gAD1q3ZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944820081016, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=图4, caption=TSCOP对小鼠血清中BUN和NH3含量的影响, figureFileSmall=beIGbfuNrne2Q/Wqc3dGvQ==, figureFileBig=zn5l6FV06zZd1gAD1q3ZeQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944878801273, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Fig.5, caption=Effects of TSCOP on the content of CK and LDH in serum of mice, figureFileSmall=TJkV8cyZsbCk7gQ1Pk/pQg==, figureFileBig=wJeT3yGSPj9Fu6TpPo28Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733944937521530, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=图5, caption=TSCOP对小鼠血清中CK和LDH含量的影响, figureFileSmall=TJkV8cyZsbCk7gQ1Pk/pQg==, figureFileBig=wJeT3yGSPj9Fu6TpPo28Qw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733945004630395, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Fig.6, caption=Effects of TSCOP on the content of SOD, GSH-PX and MDA in the gastrocnemius muscle of mice, figureFileSmall=1aSX1q0ZmLnFus3VQ356hg==, figureFileBig=5iJwvmU4Fjjr2/UdqP2QKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733945071739260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=图6, caption=TSCOP对小鼠腓肠肌中SOD、GSH-PX和MDA含量的影响, figureFileSmall=1aSX1q0ZmLnFus3VQ356hg==, figureFileBig=5iJwvmU4Fjjr2/UdqP2QKg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733945130459517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Fig.7, caption=Effects of TSCOP on gastrocnemius muscle tissue of mice, figureFileSmall=DDN1WPUUclS6OeU20/4QSA==, figureFileBig=/4w6+l4VP9UeWy3ioAscQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733945197568382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=图7, caption=TSCOP对小鼠腓肠肌组织的影响

注: a. CON; b. MG; c. WP; d. LP; e. MP; f. HP。

, figureFileSmall=DDN1WPUUclS6OeU20/4QSA==, figureFileBig=/4w6+l4VP9UeWy3ioAscQg==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1171733945260482943, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Design and grouping of animal experiment

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 灌胃物 剂量
/[mg/(g·d)]
游泳状态 游泳
时间/min
A空白组(CON) 蒸馏水 - 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A阳性药组(WP) 乳清肽 0.4 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A低剂量组(LP) TSCOP 0.2 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A中剂量组(MP) TSCOP 0.4 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A高剂量组(HP) TSCOP 0.8 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
B空白组(CON) 蒸馏水 - - -
B模型组(MG) 蒸馏水 - 不负重游泳 30
B阳性药组(WP) 乳清肽 0.4 不负重游泳 30
B低剂量组(LP) TSCOP 0.2 不负重游泳 30
B中剂量组(MP) TSCOP 0.4 不负重游泳 30
B高剂量组(HP) TSCOP 0.8 不负重游泳 30
), ArticleFig(id=1171733945335980416, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

动物实验设计与分组

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 灌胃物 剂量
/[mg/(g·d)]
游泳状态 游泳
时间/min
A空白组(CON) 蒸馏水 - 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A阳性药组(WP) 乳清肽 0.4 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A低剂量组(LP) TSCOP 0.2 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A中剂量组(MP) TSCOP 0.4 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
A高剂量组(HP) TSCOP 0.8 负重力竭游泳 实测力竭时长
B空白组(CON) 蒸馏水 - - -
B模型组(MG) 蒸馏水 - 不负重游泳 30
B阳性药组(WP) 乳清肽 0.4 不负重游泳 30
B低剂量组(LP) TSCOP 0.2 不负重游泳 30
B中剂量组(MP) TSCOP 0.4 不负重游泳 30
B高剂量组(HP) TSCOP 0.8 不负重游泳 30
), ArticleFig(id=1171733945415672193, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Effects of TSCOP on body weight and food intake in group A mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 末次体重/g 摄食量/g
CON 23.06±0.71 36.43±1.48 5.13±0.47
WP 23.01±1.01 35.09±1.95 5.09±0.30
LP 22.91±0.95 35.24±1.21 4.98±0.27
MP 22.96±0.72 35.02±1.89 4.97±0.27
HP 23.15±0.88 35.34±3.15 5.03±0.43
), ArticleFig(id=1171733945516335490, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

TSCOP对A组小鼠体重和摄食量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 末次体重/g 摄食量/g
CON 23.06±0.71 36.43±1.48 5.13±0.47
WP 23.01±1.01 35.09±1.95 5.09±0.30
LP 22.91±0.95 35.24±1.21 4.98±0.27
MP 22.96±0.72 35.02±1.89 4.97±0.27
HP 23.15±0.88 35.34±3.15 5.03±0.43
), ArticleFig(id=1171733945575055747, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Effects of TSCOP on body weight and food intake in group B mice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 末次体重/g 摄食量/g
CON 22.98±0.95 36.65±1.25 5.17±0.46
MG 22.95±1.30 35.81±2.77 5.12±0.42
WP 23.11±0.37 35.30±3.01 5.12±0.27
LP 23.06±0.48 34.88±2.29 4.99±0.28
MP 23.02±0.73 34.90±2.45 5.04±0.33
HP 23.09±1.06 35.03±2.75 5.00±0.28
), ArticleFig(id=1171733945633776004, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433738210959882, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

TSCOP对B组小鼠体重和摄食量的影响

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
组别 初始体重/g 末次体重/g 摄食量/g
CON 22.98±0.95 36.65±1.25 5.17±0.46
MG 22.95±1.30 35.81±2.77 5.12±0.42
WP 23.11±0.37 35.30±3.01 5.12±0.27
LP 23.06±0.48 34.88±2.29 4.99±0.28
MP 23.02±0.73 34.90±2.45 5.04±0.33
HP 23.09±1.06 35.03±2.75 5.00±0.28
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吴松霞 1 , 胡渝东 2 , 马星宇 2 , 李嘉鑫 1 , 安颖 1 , 王玉梅 2, * , 王斌 2
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025,16(8): 10-18
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:水产品加工与质量安全 2025, 16(8): 10-18
长鳍金枪鱼胶原低聚肽抗疲劳作用研究
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吴松霞1 , 胡渝东2, 马星宇2, 李嘉鑫1, 安颖1, 王玉梅2, * , 王斌2
作者信息
  • 1.浙江平太荣生物科技有限公司生命科学大健康研究院, 舟山 316104
  • 2.浙江海洋大学食品与医药学院, 舟山 316022
  • 吴松霞(1993—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为海洋资源综合利用。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王玉梅(1989—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋药物。E-mail:
Study on the anti-fatigue effects of Thunnus alalunga collagen oligopeptides
Song-Xia WU1 , Yu-Dong HU2, Xing-Yu MA2, Jia-Xin LI1, Ying AN1, Yu-Mei WANG2, * , Bin WANG2
Affiliations
  • 1. Great Health Research Institute of Life Sciences, Zhejiang Pingtairong Biotechnology Co., Ltd., Zhoushan 316104, China
  • 2. School of Food and Pharmacy, Zhejiang Ocean University, Zhoushan 316022, China
出版时间: 2025-04-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241023001
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目的 以长鳍金枪鱼(Thunnus alalunga)鱼皮胶原低聚肽(tuna skin collagen oligopeptides, TSCOP)为原料, 探究TSCOP对小鼠的抗疲劳作用。方法 将TSCOP设置为低[0.2 mg/(g·d)]、中[0.4 mg/(g·d)]、高[0.8 mg/(g·d)] 3个剂量组, 对小鼠连续4周灌胃, 对各组小鼠抗疲劳状态和指标进行评价。结果 TSCOP对小鼠体重、摄食量和机体正常无显著影响, 并能一定程度延长小鼠力竭运动时间。从能量代谢方面看, 高剂量TSCOP可显著提升小鼠体内血糖(P<0.001)和肌糖原水平(P<0.05), 极显著地降低蛋白质代谢产物尿素氮和血氨的积累(P<0.001)。此外, 高剂量组TSCOP可显著降低血清中肌酸激酶和乳酸脱氢酶的含量(P<0.01)。在氧化应激防护方面, 高剂量TSCOP能显著调节机体的氧化/抗氧化系统平衡(P<0.05), 降低丙二醛等脂质过氧化产物的含量。结论 TSCOP不仅能促进骨骼肌原纤维的修复, 还显著提升肌纤维面积、肌质量和肌力量, 全面改善小鼠肌肉的疲劳状态, 显著提升了其运动耐力, 具有显著的抗疲劳功能, 在运动营养、健康保健等领域展现出广泛的应用前景。

长鳍金枪鱼  /  胶原低聚肽  /  抗疲劳  /  能量代谢  /  氧化应激  /  肌肉保护

Objective To investigate the anti-fatigue effects of tuna skin collagen oligopeptides (TSCOP) on mice using TSCOP derived from the skin of Thunnus alalunga. Methods TSCOP was administered at 3 dose levels—low [0.2 mg/(g·d)], medium [0.4 mg/(g·d)], and high [0.8 mg/(g·d)]—via gavage to mice for 4 consecutive weeks. The anti-fatigue status and related indicators of the mice in each group were evaluated. Results TSCOP had no significant impact on the body weight, food intake, or normal physiological functions of the mice, but it did extend the exhaustive exercise time to some extent. From the perspective of energy metabolism, high-dose TSCOP significantly increased blood glucose (P<0.001) and muscle glycogen levels (P<0.05) in the mice, while markedly reducing the accumulation of protein metabolism byproducts such as urea nitrogen and blood ammonia (P<0.001). Additionally, high-dose TSCOP significantly decreased serum levels of creatine kinase and lactate dehydrogenase (P<0.01). In terms of oxidative stress protection, high-dose TSCOP significantly regulated the balance of the oxidative/antioxidant system (P<0.05) and reduced the levels of lipid peroxidation products such as malondialdehyde. Conclusion TSCOP not only promotes the repair of skeletal muscle myofibrils but also significantly increases muscle fiber area, muscle mass, and muscle strength, comprehensively improving the fatigue state of the mice’s muscles and significantly enhancing their exercise endurance. TSCOP exhibits notable anti-fatigue properties and shows broad application potential in fields such as sports nutrition and health care.

Thunnus alalunga  /  collagen oligopeptides  /  anti-fatigue  /  energy metabolism  /  oxidative stress  /  muscle protection
吴松霞, 胡渝东, 马星宇, 李嘉鑫, 安颖, 王玉梅, 王斌. 长鳍金枪鱼胶原低聚肽抗疲劳作用研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (8) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241023001
Song-Xia WU, Yu-Dong HU, Xing-Yu MA, Jia-Xin LI, Ying AN, Yu-Mei WANG, Bin WANG. Study on the anti-fatigue effects of Thunnus alalunga collagen oligopeptides[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (8) : 10 -18 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241023001
疲劳是一种正常的生理现象, 分为正常疲劳、间歇性疲劳、肌肉劳损和多样性硬化性疲劳。疲劳发生机制主要包括: 能源物质耗竭理论[如腺嘌呤核苷三磷酸(adenosine triphosphate, ATP)、脂肪和糖原的消耗]、代谢疲劳物质堆积理论(如乳酸、丙酮酸和血清尿素氮的累积)和自由基学说[如羟自由基、超氧阴离子自由基、过氧化氢等活性氧(reactive oxygen species, ROS)的增多][1-2]。目前, 人们的生活和工作节奏快、压力大、作息不规律、缺乏锻炼等现象普遍存在, 疲劳人群数量逐渐增加。如果疲劳不能及时消除, 将会形成慢性疲劳综合征, 导致生理紊乱、植物神经失调、内分泌失调甚至引起免疫相关的疾病[3-4]。研究表明, 天然活性成分, 如黄酮[5]、食源性多糖[6]、生物碱[7]和生物活性肽[8]等, 具有显著的抗疲劳作用, 还具有副作用小且来源广泛的优势。
生物活性肽是2~20个氨基酸以肽键相连的蛋白质片段, 可通过酶解或微生物发酵等方式从蛋白质中释放后发挥作用[9]。研究发现生物活性肽能够调节血压, 降低胆固醇, 增强免疫功能[10], 部分活性肽能够抑制癌细胞的增殖和促进其凋亡[11], 清除人体中过量的活性氧自由基[12], 提高运动耐力, 缓解疲劳状态, 维持人体生理内环境的稳定。对于长期从事脑力劳动和体力劳动的人群, 具有显著的保健功能。胶原低聚肽(collagen oligopeptides, COP)是降解胶原蛋白得到的小分子肽, 具有抗氧化、抗衰老、促进伤口愈、缓解运动性疲劳, 改善体力和耐力等多种生理功能[13]。另外, COP易被人体吸收, 具有良好生物利用度, 已广泛应用于美容、保健和功能性食品领域[14]
金枪鱼, 又称鲔鱼或吞拿鱼, 属于脊索动物门、硬骨鱼纲、鲈形目、鲭科, 主要分布于太平洋、大西洋和印度洋的热带、亚热带和温带水域, 是典型的大洋性高度洄游鱼类[15]。金枪鱼营养丰富, 其鱼卵中磷脂含量丰富且不饱和脂肪酸种类多, 可作为优质的脂肪酸来源[16]。同时又具有显著的生物活性, 其鱼精蛋白在逆转低分子肝素活性方面具有显著效果, 可使抗凝血酶-肝素复合物分离, 恢复原有的抗凝血酶活性[17]。金枪鱼对运动性疲劳具有较强的耐受能力, 且富含抗疲劳活性物质[18-19]。粗加工过程中会产生鱼皮、鱼头和碎肉等近50%的副产物, 鱼皮中富含胶原蛋白及多种微量元素(如硒、牛磺酸、谷胱甘肽等), 是开发COP的优质原料[20]。而开发的金枪鱼肽类有多种显著的生物活性, 具有重要的研究和应用价值[21]。如抑制黑色素生成和对Hacat细胞氧化损伤的保护作用[22], 可通过调节肠道菌群和机体炎症等改善慢性应激诱导的小鼠抑郁样行为[23]。然而, 针对金枪鱼鱼皮胶原低聚肽(tuna skin collagen oligopeptides, TSCOP)在能量代谢调控、氧化应激防护以及抗疲劳作用方面的研究仍然有限。因此, 本研究旨在通过探究TSCOP在能量代谢调控、氧化应激防护方面发挥的作用, 探讨其改善小鼠肌肉疲劳状态, 发挥抗疲劳作用, 并为其在功能食品和保健品中的开发应用提供科学依据。
DGG-9070AD恒温烘箱(上海森信实验仪器有限公司); HH-WO5电热搅拌水浴锅(上海芜强仪器设备); UPTA 10L/H超纯水机(上海力辰邦西仪器科技有限公司); RB29NFSBIS低温冰箱[三星电冰箱(中国)有限公司]; Revco ULT Freezer-86 °C U410冰箱、Multiskan FC酶标仪[赛默飞世尔科技(中国)有限公司]; HH-W420恒温水箱(金坛市白塔新宝仪器厂); TGL-16G高速离心机(上海安亭科学仪器厂); TI-S倒置式荧光生物显微镜(日本尼康株式会社); 净信MY-10/20手持式组织研磨器(上海净信实业发展有限公司); DF-101S集热式恒温加热磁力搅拌器(郑州科泰实验设备有限公司); BSA124S电子分析天平(精度0.0001 g, 北京赛多利斯仪器系统有限公司); HS-3315轮转切片机(金华市华速科技有限公司); TEC2602病理组织漂烘仪(上海精密仪器仪表有限公司)。
ICR品系雄性小鼠[体重约为(20±2) g]购于杭州子源实验动物科技有限公司。小鼠饲养于浙江海洋大学动物房, 环境条件保持在室温(25±2) ℃, 相对湿度(50±5)%, 12 h/12 h光照黑暗周期, 以鼠标准饲料常规饲养, 自由进食和饮水(浙江海洋大学实验动物伦理委员会动物实验伦理审查受理编号: 2022066)。
TSCOP(浙江平太荣生物科技有限公司研制), 以长鳍金枪鱼鱼皮为原料, 经复合生物酶酶解法制备而成, 平均分子量小于1000 Da的肽段占比大于85%的COP; 血尿素氮(blood urea nitrogen, BUN)试剂盒(货号: C013-2-1)、血糖(glucose, GLU)测定试剂盒(货号: A043-1-1)、血氨(ammonia, NH3)测定试剂盒(货号: A086-1-1)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)测定试剂盒(货号: A001-1-1)、肌糖原试剂盒(货号: A043-1-1)、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)测定试剂盒(货号: A003-1-2)(南京建成生物工程研究所); 肌酸激酶(creatine kinase, CK)试剂盒(货号: ml092958)、乳酸脱氢酶(lactate dehydrogenase, LDH) ELISA试剂盒(上海酶联生物科技有限公司); 谷胱甘肽过氧化物酶(glutathione peroxidase, GSH-PX) ELISA试剂盒(江苏科特生物科技有限公司); BCA蛋白浓度测定试剂盒(货号: P0012, 上海碧云天生物技术有限公司); Weigert铁苏木素染色液(货号: R20387-2, 纯度99.99%, 上海源叶生物科技有限公司); 磷酸盐缓冲液、氯化钠(sodium chloride, NaCl)(分析纯, 北京索莱宝科技有限公司); 硫酸(sulfuric acid, H2SO4)、乙酸(acetic acid, CH3COOH)、无水乙醇(anhydrous ethanol, C2H5OH)(分析纯, 中国医药集团有限公司); 多聚甲醛(分析纯, 上海麦克林生化科技股份有限公司)。
小鼠经过一周的适应期后, 选取110只ICR雄性小鼠按表1进行实验分组, 每组10只小鼠。A组小鼠用于检测力竭游泳时间(50只); B组小鼠无负荷强迫游泳30 min后采集血液等组织检测生化指标(60只)。TSCOP在灌胃前用蒸馏水配制成水溶液, 根据小鼠体重每日给与相应剂量的待测物, 每只小鼠灌胃量为200 μL, 每日灌胃一次, 持续4周, 对照组和模型组灌胃等体积蒸馏水。A组小鼠进行力竭游泳实验, B组小鼠处死取血并解剖, 取腓肠肌组织, 用于后续检测。
根据文献[24]方法优化如下: 末次给药30 min后, 给A组小鼠尾根部负荷5%体重铅丝, 将其置于恒温水浴缸中游泳(水温25 ℃, 水深≥30 cm), 开始计时, 当小鼠力竭后沉入水底8 s不再浮起则停止计时, 此为小鼠力竭游泳时间。游泳期间若有躬腰停止、悬浮休息者, 用物体搅动附近水流迫使其不停运动。
实验开始后, 每天称量并记录小鼠的体重, 密切关注小鼠状态并进行拍照。同时, 称量并记录每日清晨8点时每只小鼠饲料容器中的初始饲料量和次日8点时剩余饲料量, 计算每日摄入的饲料量。
末次给药30 min后, 取B组各组10只小鼠, 在上述游泳缸中自由游泳30 min。小鼠休息30 min后立即进行眼球取血, 血液在室温静置2 h后, 于3000 r/min、4 ℃下离心5 min, 吸取血清, 保存于-80 ℃。采用试剂盒测定BUN、LDH、GLU、NH3和CK等指标。
取完血清后, 立即处死小鼠, 收集小鼠肌肉组织保存于-80 ℃。测定时, 取10 g小鼠肌肉加入生理盐水90 mL, 利用组织研磨器研磨, 制备10%的小鼠肌肉组织匀浆, 在4000 r/min离心10 min后取上清液, 采用试剂盒测定小鼠腓肠肌组织中肌糖原水平、SOD活力、GSH-PX活力与MDA含量。
根据文献[25]方法优化如下: 腓肠肌组织样本固定于4%多聚甲醛溶液中24 h后, 经过梯度乙醇脱水、二甲苯透明处理和石蜡包埋, 利用切片机将包埋的组织切成4~6 mm厚的切片, 置于玻片并在37 ℃病理组织漂烘仪上烤干。切片在梯度乙醇中复水后, 用Weigert铁苏木素染色10 min, 再经流水冲洗10 min。随后, 切片在酸性品红、磷钨酸和苯胺蓝溶液中依次处理, 染色后的切片经乙醇脱水和二甲苯透明处理后, 在显微镜载玻片上滴加封片剂封盖。最终, 用显微镜观察染色后的切片, 通过腓肠肌马松三色染色(Masson’s trichrome stain, Masson)染色, 观察腓肠肌组织中的肌纤维、胶原纤维和其他结缔组织成分。
实验数据以均值±标准偏差(n=10)表示。利用Excel 2016软件进行实验数据统计和作图, 通过用IBM SPSS Statistics 27.0.1软件采用单因素方差分析(analysis of varianc, ANOVA)和新复极差法检验(Dunnett检验)进行组间比较(P<0.05)。
在4周的灌胃实验期间, 各组小鼠的体重均有所增长(表2表3)。与CON组相比, MG组、WP组和TSCOP组(LP、MP、HP)的小鼠在体重和摄食量上均未表现出显著性差异(P>0.05)。图1所示各组小鼠在4周内的体重均逐周增加, 表明TSCOP和WP对小鼠的生长发育既无促进作用也无抑制作用, 所有小鼠均处于正常的自然生长和摄食状态。此外, 实验期间小鼠的行为表现和健康状况均保持稳定, 没有出现任何与TSCOP相关的负面反应或异常症状。这表明TSCOP和WP在本研究剂量下对小鼠的整体健康状况没有明显影响, 对小鼠的生长发育、摄食量及主要生理指标均无显著影响。
图2可知, CON组小鼠力竭游泳时间为(4.38±0.88) min, 与CON组相比, MP和HP组均能显著延长小鼠的力竭游泳时间, 小鼠力竭游泳时间分别延长至(6.03±1.28) min、(5.58±0.26) min。但低于WP组小鼠力竭游泳时间(7.63±1.16) min。可见, MP和HP能够显著增强小鼠的耐力, 展现出其作为抗疲劳功能性食品或药物开发的潜力和优势[26]
图3a表明小鼠经30 min自由游泳后, 与CON组GLU含量(5.32±0.24) mmol/L相比, MG组的GLU含量极显著地降低至(3.44±0.16) mmol/L (P<0.001), 说明运动过程中MG组小鼠消耗了大量的能源物质。与MG组相比, WP组的GLU含量极显著地提高至(5.19±0.18) mmol/L (P<0.001), 接近于空白组, 说明WP具有显著地稳定血清GLU的作用; LP组GLU含量为(3.75±0.37) mmol/L, 与MG组无显著性差异(P>0.05); MP组GLU含量为(4.23±0.38) mmol/L, 与MG组有显著性差异(P<0.01); HP组GLU含量为(4.86±0.24) mmol/L, 与MG组相比有强极显著性差异(P<0.001), 且接近于WP组GLU含量。实验结果表明HP稳定机体GLU能力与WP具有相当的效果。
图3b可知, 小鼠经30 min自由游泳后, 与CON组肌糖原含量(1.64±0.33) mg/g相比, MG组肌糖原含量(0.72±0.09) mg/g极显著地降低(P<0.001), 说明经过一定时间的运动之后, 小鼠腓肠肌中GLU不足, 糖原开始分解供能。与MG组相比, WP组肌糖原含量显著提高至(1.13±0.27) mg/g (P<0.05), 减轻了疲劳对机体的影响; HP组的肌糖原含量为(1.18±0.24) mg/g, 较MG组有显著性提升(P<0.05), 且与WP组相当。结果表明HP在提高肌糖原含量和耐疲劳能力方面与阳性药具有相似效果。
因此, HP可以显著促进机体糖代谢平衡, 确保小鼠在运动过程中拥有充足的能量储备, 从而维持其优异的运动能力。同时HP可通过减少因剧烈运动而导致的过度能量消耗, 有效缓解运动引起的疲劳, 对机体健康产生积极影响。
BUN水平深刻反映了机体对运动负荷的耐受能力, 成为评估运动疲劳状态的关键生物标志物[27]。如图4a所示, 小鼠经30 min自由游泳后, MG组小鼠的BUN水平从基础值(6.69±0.66) mmol/L急剧上升至(11.59±1.13) mmol/L (P<0.001), 指示模型组小鼠已处于深度疲劳状态, 其机体对运动的耐受力急剧下降; 而WP组小鼠BUN的含量则显著回落至(8.13±0.44) mmol/L (P<0.001), 展现出积极的治疗效果。LP、MP和HP组小鼠BUN含量分别为(10.43±0.95)、(9.23±0.18)、(8.39±0.47) mmol/L, 呈现显著的剂量依赖性, 且与模型组相比各剂量组显著降低了10.00%、20.45%和27.65%。表明TSCOP在降低BUN水平方面具有显著效能, 且效果与剂量之间呈现正相关。
图4b所示, 小鼠经30 min自由游泳后, MG组小鼠NH3浓度从基础水平的(208.82±37.99) μmol/L急剧攀升至(417.63±24.11) μmol/L (P<0.001), 指示模型组小鼠体内NH3的严重累积及其对运动平衡的负面影响。而WP组小鼠的NH3水平显著降低至(236.72±27.12) μmol/L (P<0.001), 可有效调节NH3代谢; LP、MP和HP组小鼠NH3含量显著降低到(255.31±34.99)、(247.71±10.56)、(269.69±12.77) μmol/L (P<0.001), 同样展现出了有效的NH3调控能力, 而且MP组小鼠NH3浓度相较于模型组降低了46.29%。因此, TSCOP在缓解运动引起的NH3积累、维护能量代谢平衡及促进运动恢复方面具有积极作用。
血清CK水平上升与骨骼肌损伤加剧及疲劳状态密切相关, 被广泛用作评估骨骼肌损伤程度及恢复潜力的生物标志物。如图5a所示, MG组小鼠在30 min游泳后, 血清CK浓度从基础水平的(97.46±7.14) pg/mL显著增加至(137.09±13.44) pg/mL (P<0.001), 表明骨骼肌细胞的结构及功能受损, 伴随着CK的广泛释放。相比之下, WP组小鼠的血清CK浓度显著下降至(118.57±13.44) pg/mL (P<0.05), 显示出一定的缓解运动性肌肉损伤的能力。LP、MP和HP组小鼠的CK浓度分别显著降低至(117.47±3.52)、(113.46±13.35)、(108.51±11.79) pg/mL, 且所有TSCOP组的CK浓度均低于WP组, 表明TSCOP具有减轻运动诱导的骨骼肌损伤方面的优越性能, 且其效果存在显著的剂量依赖性。
图5b所示, 小鼠在30 min自由游泳后, MG组小鼠的血清LDH浓度从基础水平的(11.68±1.50) pg/mL急剧上升至(20.51±3.29) pg/mL (P<0.001), 反映MG组小鼠骨骼肌内LDH的广泛泄漏, 以及由此导致的乳酸堆积和潜在的疲劳状态恶化。与MG组相比, WP组小鼠的血清LDH浓度得到了极显著的抑制, 降低至(12.52±1.39) pg/mL (P<0.001), 表明WP能够减少LDH的释放, 缓解乳酸堆积, 从而有效减轻剧烈运动对骨骼肌的损伤而保护肌肉功能。LP、MP和HP在防止LDH泄露、减轻乳酸堆积及缓解疲劳方面显示出显著效果, LDH水平分别降低至(16.86±1.41)、(15.20±1.44)、(12.22±0.46) pg/mL (P<0.001), 且HP的效果优于WP, 表明TSCOP在缓解运动性骨骼肌损伤及疲劳方面具有显著的剂量依赖性效应。
图6a结果表明MG组小鼠的SOD活力由CON组的(97.38±3.179) U/mgprot显著降低至(62.259±3.308) U/mgprot (P<0.001), 表明剧烈运动诱导小鼠机体氧化应激状态及自由基代谢失衡, 进而可能引发小鼠的肌肉疲劳。与MG组相比, WP组的SOD活力显著提高至(93.242±6.039) U/mgprot (P<0.05), 说明WP可以缓解疲劳运动造成的小鼠机体氧化应激状态。LP、MP和HP组小鼠SOD活性分别为(81.806±7.49)、(89.599±7.135)、(93.893±7.54) U/mgprot, 与MG组相比呈现出显著性差异(P<0.01), 且呈剂量依赖性正向效应。因此, TSCOP可以显著提升腓肠肌SOD活性。
图6b结果表明MG组小鼠的GSH-PX活力由CON组的(712.57±62.39) U/mL显著降低至(467.33±88.90) U/mL (P<0.001), 表明剧烈运动诱发了严重的氧化应激反应; 与MG组相比, WP组的GSH-PX活力极显著提高至(672.81±29.41) U/mL (P<0.001), MP和HP组的GSH-PX活力分别显著提升至(580.67±42.04)与(597.95±19.35) U/mL (P<0.05)。因此, 中、高浓度的TSCOP可维持较高的GSH-PX活性。
图6c结果表明MG组小鼠的MDA含量从CON组的(4.25±0.61) nmol/mgprot显著升高至(10.42±2.08) nmol/mgprot (P<0.001), 表明小鼠剧烈运动诱导氧化应激, 加重小鼠的疲劳状态。与MG组相比, WP组的MDA含量则显著回落至(5.23±1.93) nmol/mgprot (P<0.01), LP、MP和HP组的MDA含量分别显著降低至(7.38±1.61)、(7.26±0.95)、(5.04±1.55) nmol/mgprot。结果表明TSCOP可显著降低MDA水平, 具有显著的抗氧化及抗疲劳潜力。
图7展示了腓肠肌组织切片通过马松(Masson)三色染色法放大200倍后揭示的骨骼肌组织病理学变化, 其中胶原纤维、粘液及软骨成分被特异性染成蓝色, 而胞浆、肌肉纤维、纤维素及神经胶质则呈现红色。CON组(图7a)中蓝色区域近乎缺失, 证实正常生理状态下小鼠肌肉组织未发生纤维化改变, 肌细胞结构保持完整。但是MG组(图7b)具有大面积蓝色区域, 标志着肌肉纤维化的发生, 即受损肌细胞通过纤维母细胞的活化与胶原纤维的沉积进行修复, 所形成的蓝色区域即为修复后疤痕组织(胶原纤维), 直接反映了肌细胞受损的病理状态。WP组(图7c)虽有少量胶原纤维, 但与MG组(图7b)相比, 其纤维化程度显著减轻, 表明阳性药物能够有效调控体内ROS代谢平衡, 从而维护骨骼肌结构的相对稳定与功能的部分恢复。而LP、MP和HP组(图7d~f)均展现出不同程度的腓肠肌纤维化改善趋势, 尤其是HP组(图7f), 其组织学表现趋近于空白对照组, 几乎无胶原纤维痕迹, 显示了TSCOP在减轻运动诱导的ROS损伤、抑制肌纤维化进程及促进肌细胞存活与肌纤维再生方面的显著作用。
TSCOP能够提高肌糖原含量, 显著促进机体糖代谢平衡, 确保小鼠在运动过程中拥有充足的能量储备, 减少因剧烈运动而导致的过度能量消耗, 减轻疲劳对机体的影响。有关食源性成分抗疲劳的研究数见不鲜, 如膳食鱼油在骨骼肌连续收缩时能具有一定的抵疲劳作用[28], 另外, 低聚肽作为一种食源性抗疲劳成分, 能够通过调节能量代谢、提高抗氧化能力, 显著改善运动耐力并缓解疲劳感[29]。这与本研究中TSCOP延长小鼠力竭游泳时间的结果一致, 表明TSCOP在缓解运动性骨骼肌损伤及疲劳方面具有显著的剂量依赖性效应。MP和HP组均能显著延长小鼠的力竭游泳时间至(6.03±1.28) min、(5.58±0.26) min, 与其他来源的低聚肽在抗疲劳功能方面也展现出竞争力。例如, 发酵大豆蛋白低聚肽在类似实验条件下小鼠力竭游泳时间为由10 min延长至14 min左右[30]。高剂量用老母鸡制备的鸡精能将小鼠力竭游泳时间从261.5 s延长至681.25 s[31], 而高剂量豌豆肽则可从(10.41±0.72) min延长至(17.33±1.14) min[32]。由此可见, MP和HP能够显著增强小鼠的耐力, 展现出其作为抗疲劳功能性食品或药物开发的潜力和优势。海洋来源的活性多肽在减少运动性骨骼肌损伤和缓解疲劳方面也表现出一定效果。如: 水母胶原蛋白水解物可促进大鼠的攀爬耐力, 并具有抗疲劳作用, 低剂量组、高剂量组和阳性对照组的爬杆时间均长于对照组, 分别增加了74.54%、95.12%和114.86% (P<0.01)[27]; 黄姑鱼鱼鳔中抗氧化和抗疲劳肽能使ICR小鼠的力竭游泳时间延长, SBP-Ⅲ-3高剂量组(SBP-Ⅲ-3-HG)的平均力竭时间为(33.41±2.40) min(比正常对照组长107.5%); SBP-Ⅲ-3中剂量组(SBP-Ⅲ-3-MG)的平均力竭时间为(28.86±1.01) min(比正常对照组长79.2%)[26]。以上研究结果与本结论一致, TSCOP尤其是在高剂量条件下, 具有作为运动营养补充剂的潜力和有效性。
在分析TSCOP对小鼠力竭游泳时间的剂量依赖性时, 发现MP比HP表现出更长的游泳时间, 且两者之间具有显著性差异, 而其他指标(如BUN、NH3、CK、LDH、SOD、GSH-PX、MDA等)均呈现良好的剂效依赖性。这种现象可能源于以下原因: (1)高剂量引起的负反馈效应: 高剂量的抗氧化剂可能导致机体内氧化还原平衡的过度调整, 反而对运动能力产生负面影响。有研究指出, 过量的抗氧化剂补充可能干扰机体的自然适应过程, 削弱运动训练的效果[33]。(2)游泳时间的个体差异性与行为因素: 小鼠的游泳时间不仅受生理因素影响, 还可能受到行为状态、环境因素等的干扰, 导致结果出现较大变异性[34]。过量的抗氧化剂补充可能干扰机体的自然适应过程, 削弱运动训练的效果, 这为本研究中的HP组效果低于MP组的现象提供了理论依据[29]
TSCOP作为一种天然的抗氧化剂, 展示了其可通过提升抗氧化酶系统的活性(如SOD和GSH-PX), 降低氧化损伤标志物(如MDA)含量, 显著缓解高强度运动导致的氧化应激和肌肉疲劳。赵静[29]在其研究中也提到, 抗疲劳成分通过增强机体的抗氧化能力、降低乳酸和其他代谢物的积累, 能够有效地改善运动能力并减缓疲劳的产生。因此, 本研究结果表明, TSCOP通过调节运动过程中产生的ROS代谢失衡, 有效减少了ROS对胶原纤维的破坏, 显著缓解因疲劳引发的肌纤维化病理过程, 促进了肌细胞存活与肌纤维数量的增加, 进而提升肌肉质量与力量输出, 为小鼠运动能力的整体提升提供了有力支持。
TSCOP在延长小鼠力竭游泳时间和抗氧化等指标上的表现虽具竞争力, 但与阳性对照相比优势不够显著。TSCOP作为天然功能性低聚肽, 其安全性、天然性和多功能性等是其优势, 这与化学合成药物的高效特性本身存在一定差异。
本研究揭示了TSCOP在提升小鼠运动耐力、减少代谢物积累及抗氧化方面的显著作用。TSCOP通过增加肌糖原和血清葡萄糖含量, 提高能源储备, 有效延长了小鼠的负重力竭游泳时间, 显著降低因能量不足导致的蛋白质代谢产物(BUN和NH3)积累, 有效减轻运动疲劳。此外, TSCOP通过提高抗氧化酶活力清除过量的活性氧、抑制脂质过氧化, 维护了机体的氧化与抗氧化平衡, 进一步延缓了疲劳的产生。因此, TSCOP可以显著地缓解运动疲劳, 本研究为利用TSCOP开发运动营养、健康保健产品提供了坚实的理论基础。
  • 国家自然科学基金项目(82073764)
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2025年第16卷第8期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241023001
  • 接收时间:2024-10-23
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-10-23
基金
国家自然科学基金项目(82073764)
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    1.浙江平太荣生物科技有限公司生命科学大健康研究院, 舟山 316104
    2.浙江海洋大学食品与医药学院, 舟山 316022

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* 王玉梅(1989—), 女, 硕士, 实验师, 主要研究方向为海洋药物。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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