Article(id=1153986780111033169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1728921600000, receivedDateStr=2024-10-15, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061488416, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1736870400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061488416, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061488416, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061488416, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986777279877909, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='1', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061487741, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757901302572, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1174286432060453413, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986777279877909, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=314, endPage=320, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986780631126877, articleId=1153986780111033169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of advantame in alcoholic beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a highly sensitive analytical method for the determination of advantame in alcoholic beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The wine samples were diluted 10 times with ultrapure water, filtered through a membrane, and then injected. A Kinetex® Biphenyl 100 Å chromatographic column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) was used, with water and methanol as the mobile phase for gradient elution and separation. An electrospray ionization source (ESI) was adopted for detection in the positive ion scan multiple reaction monitoring (+MRM) mode, and external standard method was used for quantification. Results Advantame exhibited an excellent linear relationship within the mass concentration range of 0.03 to 40.00 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg/kg, the limit of quantification was 0.30 μg/kg. The average recoveries at the 4 different spiked levels of low, medium-low, medium-high and high were 80.8% to 109.8%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.7% to 12.5% (n=6). Conclusion This method has high detection sensitivity, is simple to operate, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the trace analysis and risk assessment of advantame in alcoholic foods, providing strong technical support for scientific supervision of the alcoholic beverage market.

, correspAuthors=Ruo-Zhu XIN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Ruo-Zhu XIN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986799069286803, articleId=1153986780111033169, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜含量, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立一种液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测酒类饮品中爱德万甜的高灵敏度分析方法。方法 酒样通过超纯水进行10倍稀释后过膜进样, 使用Kinetex® Biphenyl 100 Å色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm), 以水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱分离, 采用电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 在正离子扫描多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, +MRM)模式下检测, 外标法定量。结果 爱德万甜在0.03~40.00 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈现出优良的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999, 检出限为0.10 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30 μg/kg, 在低、中低、中高、高4个不同浓度加标水平下的平均回收率为80.8%~109.8%, 相对标准偏差为2.7%~12.5% (n=6)。结论 该方法检测灵敏度高, 操作简单, 准确可靠, 可用于酒类饮品中爱德万甜的痕量分析及风险评估, 为科学监管酒类市场提供有力的技术支撑。

, correspAuthors=辛若竹, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
*辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:
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辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:

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辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:

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Journal of Food Measurement and Characterization, 2023, 17(6): 6298-6306., articleTitle=A QTRAP-based mass spectrometry method for the detection and confirmation of nine sweeteners in Chinese rice wine, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369607411446146, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=67, pageEnd=72, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=54, authorNames=陈鹏, journalName=天津药学, refType=null, unstructuredReference=陈鹏. 气质联用和液质联用中基质效应研究进展[J]. 天津药学, 2020, 32(4): 67-72., articleTitle=气质联用和液质联用中基质效应研究进展, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1174369607474360708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2020, volume=32, issue=4, pageStart=67, pageEnd=72, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=55, authorNames=CHEN P, journalName=Tianjin Pharmacy, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN P. Study on matrix effect in GC-MS and LC-MS[J]. Tianjin Pharmacy, 2020, 32(4): 67-72., articleTitle=Study on matrix effect in GC-MS and LC-MS, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1174369598041370845, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598049759454, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, companyId=1174369598041370845, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Meihekou Center for Food and Drug Control, Meihekou 135000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1174369598095896799, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, companyId=1174369598041370845, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=梅河口市食品药品检验检测中心, 梅河口 135000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1174369600104968462, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Fig. 1, caption=Product ion scan spectrum of advantame, figureFileSmall=5NRegGjHaHd8rztRdy2EHQ==, figureFileBig=3skKiU1nPl1GBbUYISKhjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600230797583, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=图1, caption=爱德万甜子离子扫描图, figureFileSmall=5NRegGjHaHd8rztRdy2EHQ==, figureFileBig=3skKiU1nPl1GBbUYISKhjQ==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600306295056, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=MRM chromatograms of advantame standard solutions (1.0 μg/L), figureFileSmall=ClM1M5IYy9a1hMSE90itEQ==, figureFileBig=Ea6Tr6p9M68aE5WncDMWHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600369209617, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=图2, caption=爱德万甜标准溶液的MRM色谱图(1.0 μg/L), figureFileSmall=ClM1M5IYy9a1hMSE90itEQ==, figureFileBig=Ea6Tr6p9M68aE5WncDMWHw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600532787474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Fig.3, caption=Effects of different flowing phases on the response values of advantame, figureFileSmall=Vnp/dZYvRnfT9R96X/hbgA==, figureFileBig=hVEPAxzzTCyBdHegpayUNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600734114070, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=图3, caption=不同流动相对爱德万甜响应值的影响, figureFileSmall=Vnp/dZYvRnfT9R96X/hbgA==, figureFileBig=hVEPAxzzTCyBdHegpayUNA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1174369600880914711, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Monitor the mass spectrometry parameters of ionic equivalents

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 驻留时间/ms 去簇电压/V 碰撞能量/eV
爱德万甜 6.95 459.2 102.1* 100.0 80 37
84.2 100.0 80 54
252.4 100.0 80 27
), ArticleFig(id=1174369600968995096, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

监测离子对等质谱参数

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 驻留时间/ms 去簇电压/V 碰撞能量/eV
爱德万甜 6.95 459.2 102.1* 100.0 80 37
84.2 100.0 80 54
252.4 100.0 80 27
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601019326746, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Results of matrix effect (%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品基质 0.05 μg/L
基质效应
0.10 μg/L
基质效应
0.50 μg/L
基质效应
1.00 μg/L
基质效应
5.00 μg/L
基质效应
20.00 μg/L
基质效应
平均
基质效应
白酒 94.8 87.9 90.8 89.1 99.2 97.7 93.2
葡萄酒 91.6 85.6 88.5 92.9 105.0 106.2 95.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601111601436, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

基质效应结果(%)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品基质 0.05 μg/L
基质效应
0.10 μg/L
基质效应
0.50 μg/L
基质效应
1.00 μg/L
基质效应
5.00 μg/L
基质效应
20.00 μg/L
基质效应
平均
基质效应
白酒 94.8 87.9 90.8 89.1 99.2 97.7 93.2
葡萄酒 91.6 85.6 88.5 92.9 105.0 106.2 95.0
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601174515997, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Linearity parameters, limit of detection, and limit of quantitative

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 相关系数(r) 线性范围/(μg/L) 检出限/(μg/kg ) 定量限/(μg/kg)
爱德万甜 Y=3.16289×104X +465.87604 0.9999 0.03~40.00 0.10 0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601270984990, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

线性参数、检出限和定量限

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 线性方程 相关系数(r) 线性范围/(μg/L) 检出限/(μg/kg ) 定量限/(μg/kg)
爱德万甜 Y=3.16289×104X +465.87604 0.9999 0.03~40.00 0.10 0.30
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601371648287, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Determination results of recovery and precision (n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
基质
低加标水平 中低加标水平 中高加标水平 高加标水平
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
白酒 0.30 90.9 12.5 1.00 81.5 5.0 5.00 88.7 4.4 50.0 104.7 6.4
葡萄酒 0.30 80.8 9.5 1.00 84.2 5.3 5.00 90.8 4.6 50.0 109.2 4.8
黄酒 0.50 88.9 6.1 3.00 87.3 5.6 10.0 99.6 6.0 200.0 109.8 2.7
果露酒 0.50 91.2 8.4 3.00 82.3 7.7 10.0 96.5 6.2 200.0 106.0 5.5
), ArticleFig(id=1174369601447145761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986780111033169, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

回收率和精密度测定结果(n=6)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品
基质
低加标水平 中低加标水平 中高加标水平 高加标水平
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
加标量
/(μg/kg)
回收率
/%
RSDs
/%
白酒 0.30 90.9 12.5 1.00 81.5 5.0 5.00 88.7 4.4 50.0 104.7 6.4
葡萄酒 0.30 80.8 9.5 1.00 84.2 5.3 5.00 90.8 4.6 50.0 109.2 4.8
黄酒 0.50 88.9 6.1 3.00 87.3 5.6 10.0 99.6 6.0 200.0 109.8 2.7
果露酒 0.50 91.2 8.4 3.00 82.3 7.7 10.0 96.5 6.2 200.0 106.0 5.5
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液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜含量
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辛若竹 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(1): 314-320
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(1): 314-320
液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜含量
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辛若竹*
作者信息
  • 梅河口市食品药品检验检测中心, 梅河口 135000
  • 辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:

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*辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:
Determination of advantame in alcoholic beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
Ruo-Zhu XIN*
Affiliations
  • Meihekou Center for Food and Drug Control, Meihekou 135000, China
出版时间: 2025-01-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015006
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目的 建立一种液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)检测酒类饮品中爱德万甜的高灵敏度分析方法。方法 酒样通过超纯水进行10倍稀释后过膜进样, 使用Kinetex® Biphenyl 100 Å色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm), 以水和甲醇为流动相梯度洗脱分离, 采用电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 在正离子扫描多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, +MRM)模式下检测, 外标法定量。结果 爱德万甜在0.03~40.00 μg/L质量浓度范围内呈现出优良的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999, 检出限为0.10 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30 μg/kg, 在低、中低、中高、高4个不同浓度加标水平下的平均回收率为80.8%~109.8%, 相对标准偏差为2.7%~12.5% (n=6)。结论 该方法检测灵敏度高, 操作简单, 准确可靠, 可用于酒类饮品中爱德万甜的痕量分析及风险评估, 为科学监管酒类市场提供有力的技术支撑。

爱德万甜  /  酒类饮品  /  高灵敏度  /  液相色谱-串联质谱法

Objective To establish a highly sensitive analytical method for the determination of advantame in alcoholic beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS). Methods The wine samples were diluted 10 times with ultrapure water, filtered through a membrane, and then injected. A Kinetex® Biphenyl 100 Å chromatographic column (100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm) was used, with water and methanol as the mobile phase for gradient elution and separation. An electrospray ionization source (ESI) was adopted for detection in the positive ion scan multiple reaction monitoring (+MRM) mode, and external standard method was used for quantification. Results Advantame exhibited an excellent linear relationship within the mass concentration range of 0.03 to 40.00 μg/L, with a correlation coefficient of 0.9999. The limit of detection was 0.10 μg/kg, the limit of quantification was 0.30 μg/kg. The average recoveries at the 4 different spiked levels of low, medium-low, medium-high and high were 80.8% to 109.8%, and the relative standard deviation was 2.7% to 12.5% (n=6). Conclusion This method has high detection sensitivity, is simple to operate, accurate and reliable, and can be used for the trace analysis and risk assessment of advantame in alcoholic foods, providing strong technical support for scientific supervision of the alcoholic beverage market.

advantame  /  alcoholic beverages  /  high sensitivity  /  liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry
辛若竹. 液相色谱-串联质谱法测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜含量. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (1) : 314 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015006
Ruo-Zhu XIN. Determination of advantame in alcoholic beverages by liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (1) : 314 -320 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015006
酒类食品作为传统饮品, 其陈酿过程对提升口感和芳香至关重要。然而, 部分不法商贩为了缩短陈酿时间, 可能违规添加甜味剂以掩盖生酒的苦涩和青涩味道, 以此改善口感, 降低成本[1]。尤其目前爱德万甜尚未被纳入国家食品安全监督抽检的日常检测项目范畴[2], 这给不法企业留下了可乘之机。这种行为不仅损害了消费者的合法权益, 还可能带来潜在的健康风险[3-5], 加大了酒类饮品的监管难度[6]。爱得万甜作为一种新型的超高甜度二肽甜味剂, 其甜度约为蔗糖的20000倍、阿斯巴甜的100倍, 是当前食品领域中甜度最高的甜味剂[7-9]。依据GB 2760—2024《食品安全国家标准 食品添加剂使用标准》, 爱德万甜作为新品种食品甜味剂, 虽然被允许在发酵乳、冷冻饮品、复合调味料、饮料等多种食品中使用, 并明确规定了使用限量, 但酒类饮品不在其允许使用的范围之内。由于爱德万甜甜度极高, 添加量极其微小, 远低于糖精钠、甜蜜素、安赛蜜、阿斯巴甜、三氯蔗糖等甜味剂, 因此, 建立高灵敏度的爱德万甜检测方法对于确保酒类的质量与安全显得尤为必要。
目前, 我国尚未制定食品中爱德万甜测定的国家标准检验方法, 仅出台了BJS 202201《食品补充检验方法 食品中爱德万甜的测定》, 相关文献报道数量也有限, 主要包括液相色谱法(liquid chromatography, LC)[10-15]和液相色谱-串联质谱法(liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry, LC-MS/MS)[16-21]。其中, LC检测灵敏度相对较低, LC-MS/MS的方法检出限一般在0.5 μg/kg至30 μg/kg之间, 方法定量限在1.5 μg/kg至100 μg/kg范围[22-27], 主要应用于国家允许使用且规定使用限量的饮料、发酵乳、复合调味料、水果罐头、果冻、蜜饯、糖果等相应食品类别的检测[23-24,27-28], 而针对不允许添加爱德万甜的酒类饮品的检验报道较少[29-32]。本研究拟以白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒、果露酒为例, 通过优化色谱、质谱条件以及样品前处理方法, 建立LC-MS/MS测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜的含量, 以期为爱德万甜在酒类饮品中的痕量分析及风险评估提供参考依据, 为科学监管酒类市场提供有力的技术支撑。
酒类饮品10种: 白酒、葡萄酒各3种, 黄酒、果露酒各2种, 购于梅河口市超市。
爱德万甜标准溶液(质量浓度为800 µg/mL, 北京坛墨质检标准物质中心); 甲醇、乙腈、甲酸(色谱纯, 美国Fisher公司)。
API4000+型液相色谱-串联质谱仪[配电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 美国AB SCIEX公司]; PL203型电子分析天平(精度1 mg, 上海梅特勒-托利多仪器有限公司); WP-UP-YJ-40型超纯水机(四川沃特尔水处理设备有限公司); Kinetex®Biphenyl 100 Å色谱柱(100 mm×3.0 mm, 2.6 μm, 美国Phenomenex公司); 0.2 µm微孔滤膜(美国Pall公司)。
精确吸取爱德万甜标准溶液(800 µg/mL) 0.125 mL至100 mL容量瓶中, 用50%甲醇溶液(包含0.1%甲酸)对其进行稀释并定容至刻度, 配制成质量浓度为1 µg/mL的中间标准溶液。使用时, 再用50%甲醇溶液(含0.1%甲酸)逐级稀释中间标准溶液, 配制成质量浓度分别为0.03、0.05、0.10、0.50、1.00、5.00、10.00、20.00、40.00 μg/L的系列标准工作溶液以及用于优化仪器参数的质量浓度为240 μg/L的标准使用溶液。
分别称取1 g空白酒样(精确至0.001 g)置于8个10 mL容量瓶中, 分别加入10 μg/L标准使用液30、50、100 μL, 100 μg/L标准使用液30、50、100 μL及1000 μg/L中间标准液50 μL、200 μL, 充分混匀并静置1 h, 制备的加标酒样浓度分别为0.30、0.50、1.00、3.00、5.00、10.0、50.0、200.0 μg/kg。
称取1 g酒样(精确至 0.001 g)置于10 mL容量瓶中, 用超纯水将其定容至刻度, 充分混匀, 经过 0.2 µm 微孔滤膜后进行上机测定。
色谱柱为Kinetex®Biphenyl 100 Å色谱柱(100 mm× 3.0 mm, 2.6 μm); 流动相A相为水, B相为甲醇, 梯度洗脱程序: 0~3.0 min, 25% B; 3.0~6.0 min, 25%~90% B; 6.0~7.0 min, 90% B; 7.0~7.1 min, 90%~25% B; 7.1~10.0 min, 25% B; 设定柱温40 ℃, 进样体积5 µL, 流速0.4 mL/min。
ESI离子源采用正离子扫描模式; 多反应监测(multiple reaction monitoring, MRM)模式; 电喷雾电压为5500 V; 离子源温度为550 ℃; 雾化气压力为379 kPa; 辅助气压力为414 kPa; 气帘气压力为207 kPa; 碰撞气为7 mL/min。监测离子对、去簇电压和碰撞气能量等质谱参数详见表1
采用SCIEX的Analyst®1.6.3 Software软件采集数据, MultiQuant 3.0.2软件外标法定量分析; 使用Excel 2010进行数据统计分析, Origin 64软件绘图。
由于爱德万甜的分子结构式当中同时具备-COOH与-NH-基团, 在质谱分析中, 正、负离子扫描均存在产生响应值的可能性。查考文献, 部分研究选择正离子检测扫描模式[16-18], 部分研究选择负离子检测扫描模式[30-32]。故而, 针泵进样240 μg/L的爱德万甜标准使用溶液, 分别进行正离子模式扫描[M+H]+离子与负离子模式扫描[M-H]-离子, 其结果表明, 正离子模式扫描[M+H]+ m/z 459.2离子的响应值远远高于负离子模式扫描[M-H]- m/z 457.2离子的响应值, 因此选择正离子方式扫描[M+H]+ m/z 459.2离子为母离子。在确定扫描模式和母离子后, 调整碰撞能量碰碎母离子m/z 459.2, 获得二级质谱信息(见图1)。选取主要的子离子m/z 102.1、m/z 84.2、m/z 252.4、m/z 192.2构建+MRM监测离子对, 对去簇电压和碰撞气能量等质谱参数进行优化, 并且进样分析1.0 μg/L标准工作溶液, 用以验证所选取的离子对的响应值与稳定性。最终确定响应值高且稳定的子离子m/z 102.1作为定量离子, 响应值居次的子离子m/z 84.2作为定性离子, m/z 252.4设为辅助定性离子。详细的质谱参数见表1, 爱德万甜标准工作溶液的+MRM色谱图见图2
因为是正离子扫描, 结合参考文献[22-23], 首先选择以A相为0.1%甲酸水和B相为0.1%甲酸甲醇为流动相, 按如下梯度洗脱程序: 0~1.0 min, 3% B; 1.0~1.1 min, 3%~15% B; 1.1~5.0 min, 15%~40% B; 5.0~5.1 min, 40%~95% B; 5.1~7.0 min, 95% B; 7.0~7.1 min, 95%~3% B; 7.1~10.0 min, 3% B, 进样分析240 μg/L爱德万甜标准使用溶液, 结果发现爱德万甜的色谱峰分叉严重。根据爱德万甜在色谱柱上有强保留的特性, 优化梯度洗脱程序为: 0~3.0 min, 25% B; 3.0~6.0 min, 25%~90% B; 6.0~7.0 min, 90% B; 7.0~7.1 min, 90%~25% B; 7.1~10 min, 25% B时, 结果发现, 爱德万甜的色谱峰型变得很好, 峰型对称且响应值较强。
在确定流动相梯度洗脱程序后, 参考BJS 202201和参考文献[24]均以水-乙腈为流动相, 又分别比较了0.1%甲酸水-0.1%甲酸甲醇、水-甲醇、水-乙腈3种流动相对爱德万甜色谱峰响应值的影响, 结果发现, 以水-甲醇为流动相, 爱德万甜峰型好且响应值最高; 以水-乙腈为流动相响应值次之, 且峰型略为拖尾。相比之下, 流动相为水-甲醇的响应值是流动相为0.1%甲酸水-0.1%甲酸甲醇的响应值的2.3倍, 是流动相为水-乙腈的响应值的1.6倍(见图3), 故而, 选定以水-甲醇作为流动相, 用以提高检测的灵敏度。
通常理论上, 酸性流动相(如甲酸水)能提高质谱正离子模式的灵敏度。然而, 爱得万甜的情况正好相反, 这可能是因为爱得万甜自身的化学性质导致其离子化行为与一般化合物不同, 可能是因为, 引入的甲酸可能会抑制爱得万甜的离子化或可能与爱得万甜竞争离子化, 导致其离子化程度降低; 在酸性条件下, 爱得万甜可能会发生解离, 形成带负电荷的离子, 从而导致响应值降低。这与BJS 202201和参考文献[24]均不选择酸性流动相的结果一致。
目前, 爱德万甜的前处理方法通常采用乙腈溶液或甲醇溶液进行提取[25-26], 经或不经固相萃取净化的操作方式[27-28]; 另外, 针对白酒样品, 往往需要在水浴中蒸除乙醇来完成样品前处理[29-30]。本研究鉴于爱德万甜易溶于水, 且酒类饮品的主要成分为水和乙醇, 其样品基质复杂程度相对较低这一特点, 选择直接用水10倍稀释酒样后过膜进样的前处理方法, 省去了用甲醇或乙腈等有机溶液提取与固相萃取净化的烦琐操作, 具有绿色环保的优点。同时, 由于爱德万甜在色谱柱上具有强保留的特性, 10倍稀释后的酒样中乙醇含量不会引发溶剂效应, 还能够省去蒸除酒样中乙醇的费时操作, 让样品处理变得更为简便快捷。并通过在白酒和葡萄酒中进行加标回收验证(加标浓度400 µg/kg), 回收率处于99.9%~108.5%, 所得结果较为理想。
为考查基质效应, 选取酒类饮品中样品基质相对复杂且有代表性的白酒和葡萄酒样品, 依照1.3.3所规定的样品前处理方法, 分别制备白酒和葡萄酒样品的空白基质样液。用白酒、葡萄酒基质样液分别配制爱德万甜的基质标准溶液, 并与溶剂标准系列工作液相同的条件下进行测定。采用溶剂标准曲线分别计算出白酒和葡萄酒基质标准溶液的实测值, 将实测值与理论值的百分比作为评估基质效应的依据。当基质效应处于85%至115%的区间内, 表明基质效应不显著, 可忽略基质的影响[33]。由表2可知, 白酒和葡萄酒样品的平均基质效应为93.2%~95.0%, 说明酒类样品的基质效应相对较小, 能够直接采用溶剂标准曲线进行定量, 令方法操作更为简便。
按优化的色谱质谱条件测定标准工作溶液系列, 以爱德万甜的峰面积为纵坐标(Y), 以其质量浓度为横坐标(X, μg/L), 绘制出外标-校准工作曲线。结果显示(表3), 爱德万甜在0.03~40.00 μg/L的质量浓度范围内呈现出优良的线性关系, 相关系数达0.9999。分别于空白的白酒、葡萄酒中添加低质量浓度的爱德万甜标准溶液制成加标样品。依照优化的方法进行测定, 并计算信噪比。把3倍信噪比(S/N=3)时对应的加标量当作检出限; 以10倍信噪比(S/N=10)时对应的加标量当作定量限。而且, 检出限的检出概率以及定量限的正确度与精密度均符合GB 5009.295—2023《食品安全国家标准 化学分析方法验证通则》的相关要求。由表3可知, 爱德万甜的方法检出限为 0.10 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30 μg/kg, 远优于BJS 202201的方法检出限3.0 μg/kg和定量限10.0 μg/kg以及目前已有文献报道的方法最低检出限0.5 μg/kg和定量限1.5 μg/kg[24], 说明本方法的检测灵敏度更高, 适用于酒类饮品中爱德万甜的痕量分析。
在空白的白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒、果露酒中分别按低、中低、中高、高4个浓度水平添加标准溶液制备加标样品。每个浓度水平各制备了6份平行样品, 进行回收率和精密度试验, 同时计算回收率和相对标准偏差(relative standard deviation, RSD)。由表4可知, 白酒、葡萄酒、黄酒、果露酒中爱德万甜的回收率在80.8%~109.8%范围, RSDs在2.7%~12.5%之间, 均满足GB 5009.295—2023中的相关要求, 表明此方法具有准确性、稳定性以及可靠性。
采用本研究所建立的方法对市售常见的10种酒类饮品进行了检测, 其中白酒和葡萄酒各3种, 黄酒和果露酒各2种。结果显示10种酒类饮品中均未检测出爱德万甜, 满足GB 2760—2024要求。
本研究通过优化色谱、质谱条件以及样品前处理方法, 建立了LC-MS/MS测定酒类饮品中爱德万甜的高灵敏度分析方法。该方法采用水和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 在+MRM模式下, 选用最优的去簇电压和碰撞能量等质谱参数, 大幅度提升了方法的灵敏度, 满足痕量分析的需求; 前处理方法选择直接用水10倍稀释酒样的进样方式, 省去了用有机溶液提取与净化以及水浴旋蒸去除乙醇的烦琐操作, 使样品处理变得更为简单快捷。该方法的检出限达0.10 μg/kg, 定量限为0.30 μg/kg, 平均回收率为80.8%~109.8%, RSDs为2.7%~12.5%, 满足GB 5009.295— 2023的相关要求, 具有灵敏度高、操作简便、准确可靠等优点, 可应用于酒类饮品中爱德万甜的痕量分析以及风险评估工作。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20241015006
  • 接收时间:2024-10-15
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-15
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    梅河口市食品药品检验检测中心, 梅河口 135000

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*辛若竹(1969—), 女, 正高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测与分析。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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