Article(id=1153986584551609194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240930003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1727625600000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-30, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061441791, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1740412800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061441791, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061441791, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061441791, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986579971429187, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='4', pageStart='1', pageEnd='320', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061440699, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1758783495950, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406427, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1177986619249406428, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986579971429187, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=137, endPage=144, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986585163977589, articleId=1153986584551609194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Study on the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage, columnId=1153986583259767470, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Quality Analysis and Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene (PE) film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage. Methods The 4 kinds of treatments were set up: PE packaging (P), PE packaging combined with 1-MCP (PM), PE film blended with ZSM-5 Nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film (PN), and the combination of ZSM-5 and 1-MCP (PMN). Samples were stored at 0-2 °C for 35 days with sampling every 7 days. Texture, chromatic indexes, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, and the activities or content of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively inhibited fruit softening, color change and fibrosis. On day 21, the fruit hardness in the PM and PMN groups was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.01), while the cohesiveness of the PMN group was significantly lower than the P group on day 27 (P<0.01). Color analysis showed that the redness and yellowness changes in other treated groups were significantly reduced compared to the P group (P<0.05). Although the PMN group's fruit appeared more yellow by day 35, the over-ripening process was suppressed. In terms of physicochemical indicators, the PM and PMN groups exhibited significantly lower electrical conductivity ratio and titratable acidity lose than the P group (P<0.01), indicating that 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively slowed down the increase in cell membrane permeability and the decrease in flavor and nutrients. Physiological measurements showed that by day 35, the MDA level in the PMN group was significantly lower than in the P group (P<0.01), with delayed peak POD and PPO activities. The PMN group's PPO activity was significantly lower than the P group (P<0.01). Conclusion The combination of 1-MCP and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film significantly alleviates color change, over-ripening, and oxidative stress in Prunus persica during cold storage, demonstrating promising application potential.

, correspAuthors=Lin ZHU, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Shan-Qiao CHEN, Xiao-Ting XUAN, Si-Rui HE, Han-Han YANG, Zhi-Dong SUN, Lin ZHU), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986610958946650, articleId=1153986584551609194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=1-甲基环丙烯与纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响研究, columnId=1153986583435928240, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品品质分析与评价, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)和ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃在低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响。方法 设立4种处理: 聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)包装(P组)、PE包装联合1-MCP (PM组)、ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜(PN组)及两者联合(PMN组)。样品在0~2 ℃条件下贮藏, 每7 d共35 d取样, 进行质构、色差、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、电导率等理化指标及多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等活性测定与丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量测定。结果 1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜有效抑制了果实的软化、色变和纤维化。第21 d时, PM组和PMN组果实硬度极显著高于其他组(P<0.01); PMN组在第27 d的内聚性极显著低于P组(P<0.01)。色差分析表明, 与P组相比, 其他处理组的果皮红色和黄色变化显著减少(P<0.05), PMN组在第35 d的颜色较黄, 但过熟过程得到抑制。理化指标方面, PM组和PMN组的电导率比值和可滴定酸损失极显著低于P组(P<0.01), 表明1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能有效减缓细胞膜透性增加和滋味与营养物质降低。生理指标显示, 第35 d PMN组的MDA水平极显著低于P组(P<0.01), POD和PPO活性峰值时间延迟, PMN组的PPO活性极显著低于P组(P<0.01)。结论 1-MCP和ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜的联合使用显著缓解了水蜜桃在低温贮藏期间的色变、过熟和氧化应激, 具有良好的应用前景。

, correspAuthors=朱麟, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 朱麟(1984—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
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陈山乔(1987—), 男, 博士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与加工。E-mail:

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陈山乔(1987—), 男, 博士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与加工。E-mail:

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陈山乔(1987—), 男, 博士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与加工。E-mail:

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注: 其中误差线代表标准误差, 字母差异代表P<0.01水平差异显著性(只要含有相同的字母, 就表明两组之间没有显著性差异)。图3~4同。

, figureFileSmall=tUhVnMg9Lkr9dEclmRrMtA==, figureFileBig=w+w17vQwGgR7WiGshCDRZA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985502390141741, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986584551609194, language=EN, label=Fig.2, caption=Chromatic indexes of Prunus persica stored at low temperature (n=6), figureFileSmall=jOcTZf+iIneclucZPEYiHA==, figureFileBig=PVZ63qfrvVIDSAOEnazL/A==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1177985502474027822, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986584551609194, language=CN, label=图2, caption=低温贮藏水蜜桃的色差指标(n=6)

注: 其中误差线代表标准误差, ***代表P<0.01水平差异显著性, **代表P<0.05水平差异显著性, *代表P<0.1水平差异显著性, 无标记为不显著。

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1-甲基环丙烯与纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响研究
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陈山乔 1, 2 , 宣晓婷 1 , 何思睿 1, 3 , 杨涵涵 1, 4 , 孙志栋 1 , 朱麟 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025,16(4): 137-144
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025, 16(4): 137-144
1-甲基环丙烯与纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响研究
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陈山乔1, 2 , 宣晓婷1, 何思睿1, 3, 杨涵涵1, 4, 孙志栋1, 朱麟1, *
作者信息
  • 1.宁波市农业科学研究院, 宁波 315040
  • 2.宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室, 宁波 315040
  • 3.浙江万里学院生物与环境学院, 宁波 315040
  • 4.宁波大学食品科学与工程学院, 宁波 315800
  • 陈山乔(1987—), 男, 博士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与加工。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 朱麟(1984—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
Study on the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage
Shan-Qiao CHEN1, 2 , Xiao-Ting XUAN1, Si-Rui HE1, 3, Han-Han YANG1, 4, Zhi-Dong SUN1, Lin ZHU1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Ningbo Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Ningbo 315040, China
  • 2. Ningbo Key Laboratory of Testing and Control for Characteristic Agro-product Quality and Safety, Ningbo 315040, China
  • 3. College of Biological and Environmental Sciences, Zhejiang Wanli University, Ningbo 315040, China
  • 4. College of Food Sciences and Engineering, Ningbo University, Ningbo 315800, China
出版时间: 2025-02-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240930003
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目的 探讨1-甲基环丙烯(1-methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)和ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃在低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响。方法 设立4种处理: 聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)包装(P组)、PE包装联合1-MCP (PM组)、ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜(PN组)及两者联合(PMN组)。样品在0~2 ℃条件下贮藏, 每7 d共35 d取样, 进行质构、色差、可溶性固形物、可滴定酸、电导率等理化指标及多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)、过氧化物酶(peroxidase, POD)、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)等活性测定与丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)含量测定。结果 1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜有效抑制了果实的软化、色变和纤维化。第21 d时, PM组和PMN组果实硬度极显著高于其他组(P<0.01); PMN组在第27 d的内聚性极显著低于P组(P<0.01)。色差分析表明, 与P组相比, 其他处理组的果皮红色和黄色变化显著减少(P<0.05), PMN组在第35 d的颜色较黄, 但过熟过程得到抑制。理化指标方面, PM组和PMN组的电导率比值和可滴定酸损失极显著低于P组(P<0.01), 表明1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能有效减缓细胞膜透性增加和滋味与营养物质降低。生理指标显示, 第35 d PMN组的MDA水平极显著低于P组(P<0.01), POD和PPO活性峰值时间延迟, PMN组的PPO活性极显著低于P组(P<0.01)。结论 1-MCP和ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜的联合使用显著缓解了水蜜桃在低温贮藏期间的色变、过熟和氧化应激, 具有良好的应用前景。

水蜜桃  /  ZSM-5  /  纳米分子筛  /  1-甲基环丙烯

Objective To investigate the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene (PE) film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage. Methods The 4 kinds of treatments were set up: PE packaging (P), PE packaging combined with 1-MCP (PM), PE film blended with ZSM-5 Nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film (PN), and the combination of ZSM-5 and 1-MCP (PMN). Samples were stored at 0-2 °C for 35 days with sampling every 7 days. Texture, chromatic indexes, soluble solids content, titratable acidity, electrical conductivity, and the activities or content of polyphenol oxidase (PPO), peroxidase (POD), superoxide dismutase (SOD) and malondialdehyde (MDA) were measured. Results 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively inhibited fruit softening, color change and fibrosis. On day 21, the fruit hardness in the PM and PMN groups was significantly higher than in other groups (P<0.01), while the cohesiveness of the PMN group was significantly lower than the P group on day 27 (P<0.01). Color analysis showed that the redness and yellowness changes in other treated groups were significantly reduced compared to the P group (P<0.05). Although the PMN group's fruit appeared more yellow by day 35, the over-ripening process was suppressed. In terms of physicochemical indicators, the PM and PMN groups exhibited significantly lower electrical conductivity ratio and titratable acidity lose than the P group (P<0.01), indicating that 1-MCP and the nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film effectively slowed down the increase in cell membrane permeability and the decrease in flavor and nutrients. Physiological measurements showed that by day 35, the MDA level in the PMN group was significantly lower than in the P group (P<0.01), with delayed peak POD and PPO activities. The PMN group's PPO activity was significantly lower than the P group (P<0.01). Conclusion The combination of 1-MCP and ZSM-5 nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film significantly alleviates color change, over-ripening, and oxidative stress in Prunus persica during cold storage, demonstrating promising application potential.

Prunus persica  /  ZSM-5  /  nano molecular sieves  /  1-methylcyclopropene
陈山乔, 宣晓婷, 何思睿, 杨涵涵, 孙志栋, 朱麟. 1-甲基环丙烯与纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜对水蜜桃低温贮藏期间品质及氧化应激的影响研究. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (4) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240930003
Shan-Qiao CHEN, Xiao-Ting XUAN, Si-Rui HE, Han-Han YANG, Zhi-Dong SUN, Lin ZHU. Study on the effects of 1-methylcyclopropene and nano molecular sieve blended polyethylene film on the quality and oxidative stress of Prunus persica during cold storage[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (4) : 137 -144 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240930003
水蜜桃因其香甜多汁、口感鲜美、营养丰富等众多特点, 一直深受广大消费者们的喜爱。随着电商快递逐渐成为水蜜桃主要的流通方式之一[1], 水蜜桃也因在贮运过程中易受到机械损伤, 高温下容易腐烂, 导致其在电商快递物流过程中存在耐贮藏性较差, 可储存期较短的问题。因此为提高地方经济效益, 加快水蜜桃产业的发展, 需要解决水蜜桃的保鲜技术难题。目前常见的水蜜桃贮藏保鲜技术主要包括应用乙烯抑制剂可以有效延缓水蜜桃的成熟过程, 保持果实的硬度和质地, 从而延长货架期[2]; 以及应用可食性涂层能够减少水分流失并提供抗菌作用, 延长果实的保鲜期[3]。然而上述这些技术在实际的产业应用中依然有着各自局限性, 例如长期低温贮藏容易导致水蜜桃出现冷害现象, 果肉木质化和无汁液等问题, 这限制了其在冷藏中的应用[4], 可食性涂层缺乏大规模应用的经济性和实用性[3], 乙烯抑制技术处理方式的协同效应不足甚至某些情况下也可能出现相互抵消的现象[5]。而立足于成本和易实时性上, 延缓水蜜桃过熟和缓解冷害发生, 最有效的着眼点便在于对能够诱导果实呼吸跃变的植物激素—乙烯进行抑制或移除。借助不同原理的乙烯应对措施, 同时进行抑制和移除[6], 有潜力形成协同作用, 提高乙烯抑制或移除的效率。
纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯(polyethylene, PE)膜保鲜技术具有很好的发展前景, 已广泛应用于果蔬的贮藏保鲜。ZSM-5分子筛是结晶态的硅酸盐或硅铝酸盐, 通过氧桥键将硅氧四面体和铝氧四面体连接起来, 并按照一定的连接方式形成相互贯通的空腔体系[7]。这种特殊的晶体结构赋予其规整、均一的孔道, 较大的比表面和孔体积, 以及强大的表面极性和优异的吸附性能[8]。而常规负载型催化剂存在活性组分烧结、流失和中毒等缺陷, 通过构建合适孔径的纳米分子筛材料, 采用活性组分封装技术法, 把活性组分封装到纳米材料内部, 大幅提升催化分解乙烯活性。其中ZSM-5分子筛被报道具有吸附和催化乙烯降解的活性[9-10], 有潜力应用于水蜜桃的采后保鲜。而将沸石型分子筛与膜材共混, 应用于果蔬采后贮藏, 也已经有诸多研究案例[11], 特别是ZSM-5分子筛, 已经被应用于苹果和猕猴桃的贮藏期延长中[12], 但目前对于此技术在水蜜桃上的应用尚需要进行研究。
基于此, 本研究引入了1-甲基环丙烯(1- methylcyclopropene, 1-MCP)作为乙烯抑制剂, 并联合应用共混于PE膜中的ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜作为乙烯清除措施, 强化水蜜桃的低温贮藏保鲜效果, 并以贮藏实验中对质构、色差、滋味和抗氧化酶活性等的考察验证其协同性, 为水蜜桃物流和贮藏技术的后续开发提供理论基础。
水蜜桃(Prunus persica var. nucipersica, 品种为‘湖景蜜露’, 八成熟, 采购于宁波市奉化区也盛农业发展有限公司); 纳米分子筛共混PE薄膜套袋和常规PE薄膜套袋为相同基材和规格, 厚度0.1 mm, 氧气透过量≤85 cm3/m2 (24 h, 0.1 Mpa条件下), 分子筛共混量5%, 由宁波爱博瑞斯环保科技有限公司提供; 3.3% 1-MCP 5 mg小袋装采购于咸阳西秦生物科技有限公司。
磷酸盐缓冲液、NaCl、邻苯二胺-乙醇溶液、过氧化氢、液氮、三氯乙酸、硫代巴比妥酸溶液(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司); 过氧化物酶(polyphenol oxidase, POD)试剂盒、过氧化氢酶(catalase, CAT)试剂盒、多酚氧化酶(polyphenol oxidase, PPO)试剂盒、超氧化物歧化酶(superoxide dismutase, SOD)试剂盒、丙二醛(malondialdehyde, MDA)试剂盒(北京索莱宝科技有限公司)。
PAL-BX/ACID F5糖酸度仪[日本爱拓(ATAGO)公司]; DDS-308A数显电导率仪(上海仪电科学仪器股份有限公司); X-Rite色差仪[爱色丽(上海)色彩科技有限公司]; TA.XT.plus质构仪(英国Stable Micro System公司); Readmax1900光吸收全波长酶标仪(上海闪谱生物科技有限公司)。
将一批大小均一、品质优良的水蜜桃分别以下述4种包装处理方法。PE包装设为P组。PE包装并进行1-MCP处理设为PM组。ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜共混PE膜套袋包装设为PN组。ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜共混PE膜套袋联合1-MCP处理设为PMN组。上述套袋使用非破坏性的封口夹进行封口。将上述样品置于0~2 ℃冷库下冷藏并观察桃的品质, 每7 d每组取样进行相关指标测定。
利用ATAGO糖酸度仪PAL-BX/ACID F5测定可溶性固形物(total soluble solids, TSS)和可滴定酸(titratable acid, TA)。
将果肉切成1 cm×1 cm×1 cm的小块, 放入10倍体积的去离子水中, 使用数显电导率仪测定未煮沸时果肉与水的混合液的电导率值。之后将果肉和水的混合物放入锅中加热, 保持沸腾状态10 min, 并冷却至室温后测定其电导率。
每个处理设置6个果实, 在每个取样时间点, 利用色差仪测定其果实赤道面上平均4个点的色差值。
质构仪配备TA/1S探头, 以全质构模式进行测定, 具体参数为: 预试验速度: 1.0 mm/s; 测试速度: 5 mm/s; 后试验速度: 5 mm/s; 位移: 10 mm; 时间: 5 s; 触发力: 5.0 g
贮藏前果实重量为X1, 取样时果实重量为X2。质量维持率根据公式(1)计算:
质量维持率/%=X2/X1×100%
利用PPO活性测定试剂盒测定, 其大致过程为将果肉匀浆后, 与适量底物混合, 测定其吸光值变化。通过监测410 nm下吸光度的增加速率来计算PPO活性。
利用POD活性测定试剂盒测定, 其大致过程为将样品匀浆后, 用适量缓冲液提取酶, 加入过氧化氢和愈创木酚, 通过比色法测定在470 nm下的吸光度变化, 计算酶活性。
CAT活性测定试剂盒测定, 大致过程为提取果实中的酶液后, 加入过氧化氢溶液, 测定其分解速率。使用分光光度计在240 nm波长下记录吸光度的变化, 计算酶的活性。
利用SOD活性测定试剂盒测定, 其大致过程为样品匀浆后, 加入邻苯三酚自氧化反应体系, 利用SOD抑制自氧化产生的蓝色物质, 测定在560 nm处的吸光度变化来计算SOD活性。
利用MDA活性测定试剂盒测定, 大致过程为将样品与硫代巴比妥酸混合, 加热形成MDA-硫代巴比妥酸复合物, 检测其532 nm和600 nm下吸光度, 以此评估脂质过氧化程度。
实验中数据处理基于R语言[13]进行, 处理间的差异显著性分析由单因素方差分析-图奇事后检验进行计算。绘图基于ggplot2软件包[14]
贮藏过程中的5个质构指标的变化如图1所示。在35 d的贮藏过程中, 弹性指标在前21 d内呈下降趋势, 之后大致维持在同一水平, 但贮藏条件没有表现出统计学显著性差异。此外回复性指标也表现出类似的变化模式但是在28 d引入了1-MCP的两组相对其他两组呈现出极显著差异(P<0.01)。但贮藏条件之间弹性和回复性没有表现出统计学显著性差异。弹性是指变形材料在变形力消失后恢复到未变形状态的速度, 通过跟踪样品在初始压缩后的回弹力, 可以计算出产品与“完美弹簧”的接近程度, 而回弹力通过测量样品在压缩过程中的最大变形与去除外力后的恢复高度之比来量化[15]。这两个指标都和食物的“嚼劲”“弹牙”等口感相关, 而水蜜桃随着贮藏过程中后熟作用的推进, 其口感也逐渐丧失其弹性向着“绵软”“入口即化”等方向变化。而水蜜桃的咀嚼性在贮藏过程中并未表现出变化规律, 且各处理之间没有统计学差异。咀嚼性是一种描述固体食物质构的指标[15], 水蜜桃特有的绵软口感使其在质构测试中此指标无法稳定测量。而水蜜桃的内聚性随着贮藏时间延长, 表现出了升高的趋势, 并且能够观察到1-MCP和ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混聚乙烯膜共混PE膜包装相比单纯PE膜包装, 能够减少贮藏过程中的内聚性升高。其中在第27 d的测试中同时使用了1-MCP和共混PE膜的PMN组水蜜桃其内聚性极显著低于单纯PE膜贮藏的P组(P<0.01), 相对于PE组, PN组在35 d时内聚性上升得到缓解。内聚性是指食品在第一次压缩后, 在第二次压缩时能够保持其形状和结构的能力。其计算方式通常是第二次压缩所需的力量与第一次压缩所需的力量之比[15]。内聚性高的水蜜桃在口感上会显得少汁、口感不够细腻, 缺少了水蜜桃应有的“化口”体验[16], 这与桃果肉在具有冷害风险的低温贮藏过程中的纤维化有关[17]。而随着贮藏过程中水蜜桃后熟作用的进行, 果实硬度也开始逐渐降低, 而从质构实验的结果来看, 其中第21 d时, PM和PMN组的硬度极显著高于其他组(P<0.01), 而再之后各组之间不再表现出统计学差异, 可见1-MCP的处理能够延迟后熟过程中果实的软化。1-MCP对于桃类果实在低温短期贮藏过程中存在着显著的质构维持作用已经得到了文献报道的证实[18]。已有文献报道证实, 抑制乙烯对桃类果实在具有冷害风险的低温贮藏过程中具有显著的质构维持作用[19], 并且桃果肉纤维化与乙烯跃变的相关性也已有文献报道[20], 而1-MCP对果实乙烯受体的抑制与ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜对乙烯的吸收分解, 则起到了呼吸跃变的抑制和延迟作用, 从而缓解了果肉纤维化。
水蜜桃贮藏过程中的色差测量结果相对各组样品初始值的变化如图2所示。如图2所示相比只有PE膜包装的P组, 存在乙烯抑制措施的其他3组, a*更低, 其中在贮藏终点的35 d, 存在着显著(P<0.05)或极显著(P<0.01)差异。a*是CIELab颜色空间中的一个参数, 用于表示颜色的红绿分量, 数值越大越倾向红色, 反之则为绿色[21]。而b*在贮藏初期未表现出明显的规律, 而在贮L*藏后期(第27、35 d)则表现出P组和PMN组相对其他两组b*更低的倾向, 并且有一定的统计学显著性。和a*相似, 更高的b*代表更倾向黄色, 反之则为蓝色[21]。对于L*即明度[21], 在贮藏过程中会逐渐降低, 直至35 d时, 无乙烯应对措施的P组, 其L*已显著(P<0.05)或略显著(P<0.1)低于其他3组。明度降低代表果皮颜色偏向暗色、褐色。从结果可见, 1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能够抑制果皮变红。单独应用的1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能够抑制果皮变黄。最重要的是, 乙烯应对措施能够很好地缓解果皮颜色变暗。桃果皮的颜色变化与果实的成熟和过熟密切相关。随着桃果实的成熟, 果皮中的色素会发生变化, 主要表现为类胡萝卜素(橙色和黄色色素)和花青素(红色和紫色色素)的积累[22], 过熟的桃子果皮颜色通常会变得更暗。果皮颜色的变化因此可以作为判断桃果实过熟的一个视觉指标。桃果实过熟的过程中, 乙烯的生成、冷害和氧化应激等生理变化会影响果皮色素的分解或转化, 导致颜色进一步加深[23]。而1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜对乙烯的抑制和清除作用, 能够有效缓解果实的色变。但是必须强调的是, 对于消费者来说, 偏红和偏黄的果实颜色通常有着更强的吸引力[24], 因此PMN组果实颜色虽然偏黄, 但是如MDA、质构等指标表明其过熟过程得到了抑制, 意味着此包装处理方式是更加适应市场需求的选择。
贮藏期间水蜜桃的TSS、TA、电导率比值和质量维持率如图3所示。从图3中结果可见, 贮藏过程中水蜜桃的重量随着时间不断下降, 至贮藏终点35 d时, 已损失接近10%的重量, 然而各组之间没有统计学差异。这可能是由于质量维持率的下降主要来自于果实水分的蒸发, 而各处理中PE膜对水蒸气的阻隔能力没有显著区别所致。其中TSS呈现出先升高后降低的趋势, 对于包括桃在内的多种存在采后后熟作用的水果, 其先升高后降低的变化趋势已经有诸多文献报道[25-26]。而TA则大致表现出逐渐降低的趋势, 而在贮藏35 d时, 具备乙烯应对措施的3组处理, 其TA水平极显著大于只有PE膜包裹的P组(P<0.01)。果肉在煮沸前后电导率的比值通常用于评估细胞膜完整性和果肉组织受损程度[27]。由结果所知, 电导率比值总体上随着贮藏时间的增加程上升趋势, 而在贮藏35 d时, 使用1-MCP抑制乙烯的PM组和PMN组相对PE组其电导率比值更低并表现出极显著差异(P<0.01)。果肉煮沸前后电导率比值反映细胞膜受损、质地变化及健康状况。比值越大, 说明细胞破损越严重, 质地越差或老化越明显。果实在后熟过程中, 细胞壁大分子化合物发生分解, 导致TSS水平与电导率比值上升[28]。有机酸作为果实采后生理活动的主要能量来源[29], 在贮藏过程中逐渐被消耗, 水平下降。合理的乙烯应对措施已被证实可有效抑制乙烯诱导的细胞呼吸强度增加[30]。因此, 实验结果表明, 1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能够有效缓解桃果实TA的减少和电导率比值的上升。
不同包装处理的水蜜桃, 在贮藏期间MDA水平、POD活性、PPO、SOD和CAT活性如图4所示。在贮藏前14 d内, 水蜜桃的MDA水平维持在检出限量附近, 而从21 d开始大幅上升, 直至达到35 d时, 相比于仅有PE膜包覆的P组, 在两种乙烯应对措施联合作用下, PMN组的MDA水平上升得到了极显著的抑制(P<0.01)。POD活性随着贮藏时间持续上升, 而之后活性开始回落, 其中PM组和PMN组相对其他两组, 从实验数据来看其活性达峰时间延迟了7 d。PPO的活性则随着贮藏持续上升, 其中PMN组相在贮藏全程均极显著小于无乙烯应对措施的P组(P<0.01)。SOD活性的变化也遵循类似的规律, 但是仅在21 d的抽样中, PM组活性极显著小于P组(P<0.01), 其他时间点的抽样中, 各处理组无显著差异。而CAT活性结合其标准误差来看, 表现出贮藏全程维持在稳定的水平, 且各组之间也均未表现出统计学差异。果实在采后贮藏过程中, 被报道其CAT活性会逐渐上升[31], 但是有文献报道在小于40 d的贮藏下, 即使引入了乙烯应对措施, CAT活性也有可能保持稳定[32]。此外, 由于本研究所使用的PE膜基材有着较高的氧阻隔性, 也有可能在水蜜桃自身呼吸的作用下, 形成了自气调环境, 而对CAT变化活性形成了影响。MDA是生物体内脂质过氧化反应的最终产物之一, 常用于评估果实膜脂过氧化的程度[33]。随着储存时间的增加, 膜脂过氧化反应加剧, 导致细胞膜受损, 进而引发果肉质地变化和纤维化[34]。氧化应激通常是由储存条件如冷害引发的, 这些处理会加速膜脂氧化, 从而导致果肉的纤维化[35]。而1-MCP和纳米分子筛共混PE膜能够通过抑制或移除乙烯, 降低水蜜桃呼吸跃变诱导的果肉过氧化水平升高[36]。而POD、PPO、SOD等组成的抗氧化酶系的活性, 表现出被贮藏过程所诱导, 说明在采后贮藏过程中水蜜桃经历了显著的氧化应激。而通过实验数据, 能够观察到对乙烯的抑制和移除, 能够有效缓解其氧化应激。此外, 作为果实酶促褐变的关键酶, POD和PPO的活性受到抑制[37], 以及其活性峰值时间的延迟, 表明乙烯应对措施在缓解水蜜桃褐变方面起到了积极作用。
相比于单纯的PE膜包装, 本研究结合了1-MCP乙烯受体抑制剂处理和PE膜共混具有乙烯移除活性ZSM-5纳米分子筛共混PE膜包装, 均能够显著缓解水蜜桃在低温贮藏过程中的色变、过熟、果肉纤维化、滋味劣化和冷害风险等不利因素。而且通过实验观察可知, 两者联合使用, 能够达到更好的效果。综上所述, 本研究报道的乙烯抑制技术是一种高效、安全、且节能的储存方案, 在水蜜桃的低温贮藏及物流运输过程中具有广泛的应用前景, 能够有效延长保鲜期并提高产品的市场竞争力。
  • 宁波市农技推广项目(2023NT011)
  • 宁海县科技项目(kjj202400014)
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2025年第16卷第4期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240930003
  • 接收时间:2024-09-30
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-30
基金
宁波市农技推广项目(2023NT011)
宁海县科技项目(kjj202400014)
作者信息
    1.宁波市农业科学研究院, 宁波 315040
    2.宁波市特色农产品质量安全检测与控制重点实验室, 宁波 315040
    3.浙江万里学院生物与环境学院, 宁波 315040
    4.宁波大学食品科学与工程学院, 宁波 315800

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* 朱麟(1984—), 男, 硕士, 研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品保鲜与高值化利用。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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