Article(id=1153986654156088018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240914006, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726243200000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-14, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061458386, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061458386, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061458386, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061458386, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=184, endPage=194, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986655259189995, articleId=1153986654156088018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Screening of main evaluation indexes and establishment of grading standards for pork quality in Shanghai, columnId=1153433635433730748, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Comprehensive Utilization and Quality Safety of Agricultural Products, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To construct a reasonable pork quality evaluation system for pork grading and high quality and high price. Methods In this study, the common Dugong three-dimensional hybrid pigs were used as the control, and the longest back muscles of 7 kinds of pigs from Shanghai were collected for the determination of various indexes such as meat appearance, texture, nutrition and flavor substances, and 13 main evaluation indexes of pork quality in the real estate were determined. In order to further construct the grading standard of Shanghai real estate pork quality, factor analysis, cluster analysis and hierarchical analysis were applied to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Results Through factor analysis, 7 indicators (moisture content, electrical conductivity, shear force, iron, fat, inosinic acid and aspartic acid) were identified as the main factors among the selected 13 indicators, and their variance contribution rate was as high as 83.829%. Using cluster analysis and chromatographic analysis, 3 different grades of scoring criteria were established according to 7 quality indicators obtained. Conclusion This study establishes a complete pork quality evaluation model and grading criteria in Shanghai, realizes the accurate control of pork quality in Shanghai, and also provides a reference for local pork quality evaluation.

, correspAuthors=Jin-Bin WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Bo DENG, Ying-Qing MA, Rou-Han CHEN, Yin-Shuang BAI, Yan ZHANG, Xiao-Jun YANG, You LI, Jin-Bin WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986663257727947, articleId=1153986654156088018, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=上海地产猪肉品质主要评价指标的筛选及分级标准的建立, columnId=1153433635601502912, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 对猪肉分等分级和优质优价构建合理的猪肉品质评价体系。方法 本研究以市面常见杜长大三元杂交猪为对照, 采集中国上海地产7种猪背最长肌进行肉质外观、质构、营养、风味物质等各项指标测定, 并确定地产猪肉品质的13项主要评价指标。为进一步构建上海地产猪肉品质分级标准, 应用因子分析、聚类分析、层次分析建立综合评价体系。结果 通过因子分析, 在选定的13项指标中确定7项指标(水分含量、电导率、剪切力、铁、脂肪、肌苷酸和天冬氨酸)作为主因子, 其方差贡献率高达83.829%。利用聚类分析及层析分析, 按照所得的7个品质指标建立3个不同等级的评分标准。结论 本研究建立上海地区完整的猪肉品质评价模型和分级评分标准, 实现了上海地区猪肉品质的精准把控, 也为地方猪肉品质评价提供了借鉴。

, correspAuthors=王金斌, 沈秀平, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王金斌(1982—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别与速测。E-mail:
沈秀平(1980—), 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全的监测检测、畜牧科技创新和现代农业产业发展。E-mail:
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邓波(1982—), 男, 硕士, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全预测预警和风险评估, 农产品营养品质研究。E-mail:

, authorsList=邓波, 马颖清, 陈柔含, 白寅霜, 张岩, 杨晓君, 李柚, 王金斌, 沈秀平)}, authors=[Author(id=1183428001682305486, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, orderNo=0, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, nameCn=null, orcid=null, stid=null, country=null, authorPic=null, dead=0, email=dengbo.25@163.com, emailSecond=null, emailThird=null, correspondingAuthor=0, authorType=1, ext={EN=AuthorExt(id=1183428001736831440, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, authorId=1183428001682305486, language=EN, stringName=Bo DENG, firstName=Bo, middleName=null, lastName=DENG, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1. Shanghai Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center, Shanghai 201708, China, bio=null, bioImg=null, bioContent=null, aboutCorrespAuthor=null), CN=AuthorExt(id=1183428001808134609, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, authorId=1183428001682305486, language=CN, stringName=邓波, firstName=null, middleName=null, lastName=null, prefix=null, suffix=null, authorComment=null, nameInitials=null, affiliation=null, department=null, xref=1, address=1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708, bio={"content":"

邓波(1982—), 男, 硕士, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全预测预警和风险评估, 农产品营养品质研究。E-mail:

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邓波(1982—), 男, 硕士, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全预测预警和风险评估, 农产品营养品质研究。E-mail:

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Meat Science, 2022, 187: 108771., articleTitle=Investigating potential causal relationships among carcass and meat quality traits using structural equation model in Nellore cattle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010498732639, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=259, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=50, authorNames=刘显军, 边连全, 陈静, journalName=沈阳农业大学学报, refType=null, unstructuredReference=刘显军, 边连全, 陈静, 等. 猪肉质评价指标及调控肉质基因的研究与应用[J]. 沈阳农业大学学报, 2011, 42(3): 259-263., articleTitle=猪肉质评价指标及调控肉质基因的研究与应用, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010557452896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2011, volume=42, issue=3, pageStart=259, pageEnd=263, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[29], rfOrder=51, authorNames=LIU XJ, BIAN LQ, CHEN J, journalName=Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LIU XJ, BIAN LQ, CHEN J, et al. Research and application of meat evaluating indicator and regulator genes influencing pork quality traits[J]. Journal of Shenyang Agricultural University, 2011, 42(3): 259-263., articleTitle=Research and application of meat evaluating indicator and regulator genes influencing pork quality traits, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010637144673, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=187, issue=null, pageStart=108771, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[30], rfOrder=52, authorNames=BRESOLIN T, PASSAFARO TL, BRAZ CU, journalName=Meat Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=BRESOLIN T, PASSAFARO TL, BRAZ CU, et al. Investigating potential causal relationships among carcass and meat quality traits using structural equation model in Nellore cattle[J]. Meat Science, 2022, 187: 108771., articleTitle=Investigating potential causal relationships among carcass and meat quality traits using structural equation model in Nellore cattle, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010695864930, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=15, issue=8, pageStart=100240, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[31], rfOrder=53, authorNames=LEBRET B, LENOIR H, DARÉ S, journalName=Animal, refType=null, unstructuredReference=LEBRET B, LENOIR H, DARÉ S, et al. Finishing season and feeding resources influence the quality of products from extensive-system Gascon pigs. Part 1: Carcass traits and quality of fresh loin[J]. Animal, 2021, 15(8): 100240., articleTitle=Finishing season and feeding resources influence the quality of products from extensive-system Gascon pigs. Part 1: Carcass traits and quality of fresh loin, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010746196579, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2023, volume=413, issue=null, pageStart=135385, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[32], rfOrder=54, authorNames=ZHANG J, WANG T, YANG C, journalName=Food Chemistry, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZHANG J, WANG T, YANG C, et al. Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis revealed the mechanisms underlying the effect of irradiation on the fat quality of Chinese bacon[J]. Food Chemistry, 2023, 413: 135385., articleTitle=Integrated proteomics and metabolomics analysis revealed the mechanisms underlying the effect of irradiation on the fat quality of Chinese bacon, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010792333924, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2021, volume=5, issue=1, pageStart=1, pageEnd=17, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[33], rfOrder=55, authorNames=ZUBER EA, OUTHOUSE AC, HELM ET, journalName=Meat and Muscle Biology, refType=null, unstructuredReference=ZUBER EA, OUTHOUSE AC, HELM ET, et al. Contribution of early-postmortem proteome and metabolome to ultimate pH and pork quality[J]. Meat and Muscle Biology, 2021, 5(1): 1-17., articleTitle=Contribution of early-postmortem proteome and metabolome to ultimate pH and pork quality, refAbstract=null), Reference(id=1183428010855248485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, doi=null, pmid=null, pmcid=null, year=2022, volume=18, issue=null, pageStart=108727, pageEnd=null, url=null, language=null, rfNumber=[34], rfOrder=56, authorNames=CHEN D, WU P, WANG K, journalName=Meat Science, refType=null, unstructuredReference=CHEN D, WU P, WANG K, et al. Combining computer vision score and conventional meat quality traits to estimate the intramuscular fat content using machine learning in pigs[J]. Meat Science, 2022, 18: 108727., articleTitle=Combining computer vision score and conventional meat quality traits to estimate the intramuscular fat content using machine learning in pigs, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428006891631148, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, awardId=沪农科(I2024004), language=CN, fundingSource=上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科(I2024004)), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428001543893447, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428001548087752, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, companyId=1183428001543893447, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. Shanghai Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center, Shanghai 201708, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428001556476361, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, companyId=1183428001543893447, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708)]), AuthorCompany(id=1183428001594225098, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428001602613707, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, companyId=1183428001594225098, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2. Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428001606808012, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, companyId=1183428001594225098, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=2.上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所, 上海 201106)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1183428004274385412, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=System construction technology roadmap, figureFileSmall=fGw8tG45x5zjD4vI8TafsQ==, figureFileBig=ahlvc5FzyZW9CRgLyrJwJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428004320522757, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=图1, caption=体系构建技术路线图, figureFileSmall=fGw8tG45x5zjD4vI8TafsQ==, figureFileBig=ahlvc5FzyZW9CRgLyrJwJw==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1183428004370854406, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Varieties and sampling information of Shanghai real estate pork

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
猪肉品种 宰前体重/kg 样本数量/份 猪肉品种 宰前体重/kg 样本数量/份
浦东白猪 85±5 11 崇明沙乌头 90±5 10
嘉定梅山猪 85±5 20 五丰上食 105±5 10
松林托佩克 105±5 24 上海白猪 85±5 10
金山枫泾猪 85±5 10 总计 95
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004505072135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

上海地产猪肉品种及采样信息

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
猪肉品种 宰前体重/kg 样本数量/份 猪肉品种 宰前体重/kg 样本数量/份
浦东白猪 85±5 11 崇明沙乌头 90±5 10
嘉定梅山猪 85±5 20 五丰上食 105±5 10
松林托佩克 105±5 24 上海白猪 85±5 10
金山枫泾猪 85±5 10 总计 95
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004567986696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Test results of appearance and physicochemical of pork in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异系数/% 杜长大*
肉色L* 45.6±6.16ab 44.24±4.74ab 50.21±6.87a 6.47±4.73d 48.44±6.56ab 46.47±3.05ab 15.48±4.20c 15.58 43.88
肉色a* 4.34±2.50c 4.08±1.68c 8.35±2.64b 12.9±2.59a 6.98±3.38bc 1.22±0.68d 11.00±1.52ab 4.40 2.14
肉色b* 9.97±2.33a 9.41±1.27ab 9.37±2.67ab 5.63±1.45c 10.67±1.04a 8.41±1.41b 6.20±1.71c 2.26 10.21
肌肉脂肪/% 5.63±1.31b 5.24±1.33b 4.74±1.06b 1.49±0.08d 4.42±2.29b 8.75±3.92a 3.22±0.77c 3.21 6.01
pH 5.50±0.22c 6.36±0.32a 5.61±0.29bc 6.29±0.14ab 5.63±0.26bc 5.96±0.27b 5.78±0.30bc 0.41 6.00
水分/% 68.27±2.37b 71.20±5.70ab 65.68±6.28c 72.63±2.40a 67.5±2.06bc 69.39±2.14b 69.08±1.47b 4.13 70.00
24 h滴水损失/% 3.50±1.07c 3.05±1.09ab 5.93±0.26a 1.72±0.55e 4.66±1.79b 2.56±0.66d 4.76±1.73b 1.64 3.08
电导率/(S/m) 5.46±3.77ab 2.66±1.48bc 1.31±0.27c 5.93±2.43a 1.76±2.01bc 3.74±1.52b 1.27±0.07c 2.45 3.70
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004635095561, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

上海地区地产猪肉外观及理化指标检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异系数/% 杜长大*
肉色L* 45.6±6.16ab 44.24±4.74ab 50.21±6.87a 6.47±4.73d 48.44±6.56ab 46.47±3.05ab 15.48±4.20c 15.58 43.88
肉色a* 4.34±2.50c 4.08±1.68c 8.35±2.64b 12.9±2.59a 6.98±3.38bc 1.22±0.68d 11.00±1.52ab 4.40 2.14
肉色b* 9.97±2.33a 9.41±1.27ab 9.37±2.67ab 5.63±1.45c 10.67±1.04a 8.41±1.41b 6.20±1.71c 2.26 10.21
肌肉脂肪/% 5.63±1.31b 5.24±1.33b 4.74±1.06b 1.49±0.08d 4.42±2.29b 8.75±3.92a 3.22±0.77c 3.21 6.01
pH 5.50±0.22c 6.36±0.32a 5.61±0.29bc 6.29±0.14ab 5.63±0.26bc 5.96±0.27b 5.78±0.30bc 0.41 6.00
水分/% 68.27±2.37b 71.20±5.70ab 65.68±6.28c 72.63±2.40a 67.5±2.06bc 69.39±2.14b 69.08±1.47b 4.13 70.00
24 h滴水损失/% 3.50±1.07c 3.05±1.09ab 5.93±0.26a 1.72±0.55e 4.66±1.79b 2.56±0.66d 4.76±1.73b 1.64 3.08
电导率/(S/m) 5.46±3.77ab 2.66±1.48bc 1.31±0.27c 5.93±2.43a 1.76±2.01bc 3.74±1.52b 1.27±0.07c 2.45 3.70
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004698010122, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Test results of texture of pork in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长
大*
硬度
/gf
7250.39±132.41c 7278.05±826.04c 7811.35±2131.51c 6015.34±289.66d 6854.37±321.89d 10096.44±1515.59a 7126.38±358.97c 1773.53 -
断裂性
/gf
6510.84±224.88c 6047.91±1673.69c 7625.05±1759.38b 6321.95±452.37c 5536.91±412.31d 9759.04±1432.55a 4632.59±386.54e 2142.16 -
黏附性/(gf*sec) 354.61±37.45b 252.11±108.55c 328.64±137.92bc 314.81±48.69bc 381.29±49.68b 504.69±354.48a 344.71±68.39bc 212.42 0.55
弹性
/mm
0.70±0.08c 0.79±0.05b 0.76±0.13a 0.99±0.07a 0.81±0.05b 0.80±0.06b 0.69±0.06a 0.11 0.80
咀嚼性
/gf
2578.92±241.01c 3473.80±549.95b 4297.98±2714.84a 2854.37±198.66c 3569.29±222.35b 4450.96±957.66a 4156.37±298.64a 1206.42 4377.00
胶黏性
/gf
3096.62±327.26e 5017.31±912.37b 5475.1±2502.97a 4445.83±392.27e 4234.94±360.18d 5482.81±796.06a 4098.08±371.09c 1248.59 -
内聚性
/gf
0.69±0.12a 0.64±0.09a 0.71±0.30a 0.65±0.05a 0.64±0.07a 0.55±0.05b 0.66±0.06a 0.13 -
回弹性/ratio 0.08±0.02a 0.11±0.05a 0.10±0.01a 0.11±0.02a 0.10±0.02a 0.09±0.01a 0.08±0.02a 0.03 0.09
剪切力/N 2.45±0.49d 2.66±0.40d 4.79±2.13b 6.73±4.17a 3.65±0.42c 2.90±0.61d 3.35±0.74c 2.01 3.11
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004765118987, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

上海地区地产猪肉质构指标检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长
大*
硬度
/gf
7250.39±132.41c 7278.05±826.04c 7811.35±2131.51c 6015.34±289.66d 6854.37±321.89d 10096.44±1515.59a 7126.38±358.97c 1773.53 -
断裂性
/gf
6510.84±224.88c 6047.91±1673.69c 7625.05±1759.38b 6321.95±452.37c 5536.91±412.31d 9759.04±1432.55a 4632.59±386.54e 2142.16 -
黏附性/(gf*sec) 354.61±37.45b 252.11±108.55c 328.64±137.92bc 314.81±48.69bc 381.29±49.68b 504.69±354.48a 344.71±68.39bc 212.42 0.55
弹性
/mm
0.70±0.08c 0.79±0.05b 0.76±0.13a 0.99±0.07a 0.81±0.05b 0.80±0.06b 0.69±0.06a 0.11 0.80
咀嚼性
/gf
2578.92±241.01c 3473.80±549.95b 4297.98±2714.84a 2854.37±198.66c 3569.29±222.35b 4450.96±957.66a 4156.37±298.64a 1206.42 4377.00
胶黏性
/gf
3096.62±327.26e 5017.31±912.37b 5475.1±2502.97a 4445.83±392.27e 4234.94±360.18d 5482.81±796.06a 4098.08±371.09c 1248.59 -
内聚性
/gf
0.69±0.12a 0.64±0.09a 0.71±0.30a 0.65±0.05a 0.64±0.07a 0.55±0.05b 0.66±0.06a 0.13 -
回弹性/ratio 0.08±0.02a 0.11±0.05a 0.10±0.01a 0.11±0.02a 0.10±0.02a 0.09±0.01a 0.08±0.02a 0.03 0.09
剪切力/N 2.45±0.49d 2.66±0.40d 4.79±2.13b 6.73±4.17a 3.65±0.42c 2.90±0.61d 3.35±0.74c 2.01 3.11
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004823839244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Test results of nutrition substances of pork in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长
大*
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 22.45±0.31bc 22.78±1.01abc 21.34±1.47d 21.98±1.26cd 23.48±0.49a 22.74±0.39abc 22.97±0.92ab 1.02 19.60
脂肪/(g/100 g) 7.46±0.30a 4.23±1.41b 3.98±1.57b 3.65±2.27b 1.54±0.58c 7.55±1.67a 3.53±1.09b 2.50 6.40
氨基酸/(mg/100 g) 缬氨酸 0.89±0.27b 1.01±0.12ab 1.02±0.07ab 1.09±0.07a 1.11±0.03a 1.10±0.10a 0.90±0.21b 0.16 0.75
赖氨酸 1.51±0.29c 1.66±0.21bc 1.74±0.12b 1.80±0.11ab 1.96±0.07a 1.83±0.13ab 1.53±0.34c 0.24 1.58
苏氨酸 0.85±0.06a 0.89±0.13ab 0.95±0.33ab 0.87±0.05a 0.84±0.06a 0.98±0.09a 0.88±0.12a 0.14 0.84
苯丙氨酸 0.74±0.09bc 0.80±0.12ab 0.84±0.06ab 0.63±0.20d 0.88±0.03b 0.88±0.08a 0.68±0.11cd 0.13 0.77
异亮氨酸 0.86±0.20bc 0.93±0.11bc 0.93±0.07bc 0.97±0.05ab 1.05±0.04a 1.06±0.10a 0.82±0.17c 0.14 0.70
亮氨酸 1.48±0.24cd 1.60±0.22bcd 1.63±0.12abc 1.64±0.10abc 1.79±0.06a 1.75±0.15ab 1.43±0.30d 0.21 1.47
蛋氨酸 0.50±0.30a 0.49±0.12ab 0.47±0.17a 0.56±0.03a 0.57±0.03a 0.51±0.07a 0.49±0.11a 0.14 0.29
必需氨基
酸总量
6.83±0.88b 7.38±1.00ab 7.58±0.72ab 7.55±0.46ab 8.20±0.30a 8.11±0.65a 6.73±1.34b 0.95 -
天冬氨酸 1.76±0.12d 2.06±0.45bc 2.36±0.30a 1.87±0.11cd 1.98±0.08cd 1.95±0.19cd 2.29±0.04b 0.31 1.75
谷氨酸 2.88±0.15b 2.97±0.37b 3.10±0.49ab 3.21±0.18ab 3.40±0.16a 3.08±0.28ab 2.96±0.53b 0.35 2.91
组氨酸 0.87±0.10bc 0.94±0.14ab 0.73±0.14d 0.98±0.07ab 1.02±0.04a 1.01±0.08a 0.81±0.20cd 0.14 0.65
丝氨酸 0.63±0.06cd 0.73±0.18abc 0.83±0.16a 0.73±0.05abc 0.56±0.06d 0.76±0.08ab 0.66±0.10bcd 0.16 0.75
脯氨酸 0.69±0.05b 0.61±0.10b 0.42±0.12c 0.51±0.06c 0.66±0.02b 0.80±0.08a 0.43±0.13c 0.11 0.78
甘氨酸 0.78±0.05bc 0.82±0.10abc 0.80±0.09bc 0.84±0.05ab 0.87±0.04ab 0.91±0.08a 0.73±0.21c 0.15 0.84
丙氨酸 1.05±0.08cd 1.10±0.14bcd 1.12±0.08bc 1.19±0.07ab 1.28±0.03a 1.21±0.12ab 0.98±0.26d 0.18 1.13
酪氨酸 0.78±0.45ab 0.74±0.15ab 0.83±0.06a 0.63±0.10b 0.78±0.03ab 0.75±0.06ab 0.66±0.06ab 0.15 0.77
精氨酸 1.20±0.28a 1.24±0.21a 1.28±0.10a 1.27±0.08a 1.40±0.05a 1.37±0.11a 1.40±0.82a 0.30 1.22
微量元素/(mg/kg) 14.14±5.15a 16.81±3.03a 10.61±3.30b 6.06±1.97c 6.36±3.58c 14.14±1.33a 14.32±2.90a 4.76 20.00
8.61±3.78ab 5.31±1.32cd 9.78±1.95a 3.59±0.47d 3.85±1.00cd 4.46±2.20cd 3.85±1.00bc 2.80 9.00
19.13±5.69b 16.17±3.00bc 27.67±5.20a 13.99±1.09cd 12.54±2.38de 15.34±2.75cd 10.00±2.22e 5.66 15.40
0.50±0.14bc 0.52±0.13b 0.82±0.40a 0.33±0.06d 0.44±0.11bcd 0.39±0.08bcd 0.34±0.06cd 0.21 -
0.19±0.03b 0.15±0.03d 0.19±0.02bc 0.16±0.02cd 0.21±0.04b 0.38±0.04a 0.11±0.03e 0.10 0.07
247.40±19.15bcd 256.16±40.05abc 282.00±16.87a 265.87±10.59ab 235.89±25.74cd 241.38±10.6bcd 224.02±47.86b 31.11 170.00
3060.40±150.78d 3627.38±810.73bc 4306.39±267.44a 4137.43±204.96ab 3839.59±295.69ab 3156.44±136.06cd 3681.90±852.81b 635.42 2220.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004899336717, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

上海地区地产猪肉营养物质检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托佩克 五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长
大*
蛋白质/(g/100 g) 22.45±0.31bc 22.78±1.01abc 21.34±1.47d 21.98±1.26cd 23.48±0.49a 22.74±0.39abc 22.97±0.92ab 1.02 19.60
脂肪/(g/100 g) 7.46±0.30a 4.23±1.41b 3.98±1.57b 3.65±2.27b 1.54±0.58c 7.55±1.67a 3.53±1.09b 2.50 6.40
氨基酸/(mg/100 g) 缬氨酸 0.89±0.27b 1.01±0.12ab 1.02±0.07ab 1.09±0.07a 1.11±0.03a 1.10±0.10a 0.90±0.21b 0.16 0.75
赖氨酸 1.51±0.29c 1.66±0.21bc 1.74±0.12b 1.80±0.11ab 1.96±0.07a 1.83±0.13ab 1.53±0.34c 0.24 1.58
苏氨酸 0.85±0.06a 0.89±0.13ab 0.95±0.33ab 0.87±0.05a 0.84±0.06a 0.98±0.09a 0.88±0.12a 0.14 0.84
苯丙氨酸 0.74±0.09bc 0.80±0.12ab 0.84±0.06ab 0.63±0.20d 0.88±0.03b 0.88±0.08a 0.68±0.11cd 0.13 0.77
异亮氨酸 0.86±0.20bc 0.93±0.11bc 0.93±0.07bc 0.97±0.05ab 1.05±0.04a 1.06±0.10a 0.82±0.17c 0.14 0.70
亮氨酸 1.48±0.24cd 1.60±0.22bcd 1.63±0.12abc 1.64±0.10abc 1.79±0.06a 1.75±0.15ab 1.43±0.30d 0.21 1.47
蛋氨酸 0.50±0.30a 0.49±0.12ab 0.47±0.17a 0.56±0.03a 0.57±0.03a 0.51±0.07a 0.49±0.11a 0.14 0.29
必需氨基
酸总量
6.83±0.88b 7.38±1.00ab 7.58±0.72ab 7.55±0.46ab 8.20±0.30a 8.11±0.65a 6.73±1.34b 0.95 -
天冬氨酸 1.76±0.12d 2.06±0.45bc 2.36±0.30a 1.87±0.11cd 1.98±0.08cd 1.95±0.19cd 2.29±0.04b 0.31 1.75
谷氨酸 2.88±0.15b 2.97±0.37b 3.10±0.49ab 3.21±0.18ab 3.40±0.16a 3.08±0.28ab 2.96±0.53b 0.35 2.91
组氨酸 0.87±0.10bc 0.94±0.14ab 0.73±0.14d 0.98±0.07ab 1.02±0.04a 1.01±0.08a 0.81±0.20cd 0.14 0.65
丝氨酸 0.63±0.06cd 0.73±0.18abc 0.83±0.16a 0.73±0.05abc 0.56±0.06d 0.76±0.08ab 0.66±0.10bcd 0.16 0.75
脯氨酸 0.69±0.05b 0.61±0.10b 0.42±0.12c 0.51±0.06c 0.66±0.02b 0.80±0.08a 0.43±0.13c 0.11 0.78
甘氨酸 0.78±0.05bc 0.82±0.10abc 0.80±0.09bc 0.84±0.05ab 0.87±0.04ab 0.91±0.08a 0.73±0.21c 0.15 0.84
丙氨酸 1.05±0.08cd 1.10±0.14bcd 1.12±0.08bc 1.19±0.07ab 1.28±0.03a 1.21±0.12ab 0.98±0.26d 0.18 1.13
酪氨酸 0.78±0.45ab 0.74±0.15ab 0.83±0.06a 0.63±0.10b 0.78±0.03ab 0.75±0.06ab 0.66±0.06ab 0.15 0.77
精氨酸 1.20±0.28a 1.24±0.21a 1.28±0.10a 1.27±0.08a 1.40±0.05a 1.37±0.11a 1.40±0.82a 0.30 1.22
微量元素/(mg/kg) 14.14±5.15a 16.81±3.03a 10.61±3.30b 6.06±1.97c 6.36±3.58c 14.14±1.33a 14.32±2.90a 4.76 20.00
8.61±3.78ab 5.31±1.32cd 9.78±1.95a 3.59±0.47d 3.85±1.00cd 4.46±2.20cd 3.85±1.00bc 2.80 9.00
19.13±5.69b 16.17±3.00bc 27.67±5.20a 13.99±1.09cd 12.54±2.38de 15.34±2.75cd 10.00±2.22e 5.66 15.40
0.50±0.14bc 0.52±0.13b 0.82±0.40a 0.33±0.06d 0.44±0.11bcd 0.39±0.08bcd 0.34±0.06cd 0.21 -
0.19±0.03b 0.15±0.03d 0.19±0.02bc 0.16±0.02cd 0.21±0.04b 0.38±0.04a 0.11±0.03e 0.10 0.07
247.40±19.15bcd 256.16±40.05abc 282.00±16.87a 265.87±10.59ab 235.89±25.74cd 241.38±10.6bcd 224.02±47.86b 31.11 170.00
3060.40±150.78d 3627.38±810.73bc 4306.39±267.44a 4137.43±204.96ab 3839.59±295.69ab 3156.44±136.06cd 3681.90±852.81b 635.42 2220.00
), ArticleFig(id=1183428004974834190, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Test results of flavor substances of pork in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托
佩克
五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长大*
呈味核苷酸 胞苷酸/(μg/g) 32.70±3.71b 33.44±14.8b 26.36±10.93bc 27.15±5.48bc 44.27±14.63a 18.61±4.42c 23.50±3.87bc 12.19 -
尿苷酸/(μg/g) 17.67±3.50bc 16.88±4.12bc 22.27±9.45b 42.71±13.02a 23.29±5.78b 11.61±4.94c 40.84±1.89a 12.57 -
鸟苷酸/(μg/g) 74.30±5.65a 48.02±21.29b 70.01±45.38a 45.97±11.20b 58.90±8.73b 13.03±4.02c 68.29±17.86a 29.11
肌苷酸/(mg/g) 2.28±0.51a 1.02±0.36a 0.67±0.23b 2.10±0.86a 0.94±0.19b 0.82±0.15b 2.14±0.19a 0.73 -
腺苷酸/(μg/g) 87.07±20.75b 67.44±8.48b 196.50±50.93a 51.86±16.19cd 39.24±14.62de 29.42±7.29e 63.92±2.11c 5.10 -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005067108879, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

上海地区地产猪肉风味物质检测结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 浦东白猪 嘉定梅山猪 崇明沙乌头 金山枫泾猪 上海白猪 松林托
佩克
五丰上食 总变异
系数/%
杜长大*
呈味核苷酸 胞苷酸/(μg/g) 32.70±3.71b 33.44±14.8b 26.36±10.93bc 27.15±5.48bc 44.27±14.63a 18.61±4.42c 23.50±3.87bc 12.19 -
尿苷酸/(μg/g) 17.67±3.50bc 16.88±4.12bc 22.27±9.45b 42.71±13.02a 23.29±5.78b 11.61±4.94c 40.84±1.89a 12.57 -
鸟苷酸/(μg/g) 74.30±5.65a 48.02±21.29b 70.01±45.38a 45.97±11.20b 58.90±8.73b 13.03±4.02c 68.29±17.86a 29.11
肌苷酸/(mg/g) 2.28±0.51a 1.02±0.36a 0.67±0.23b 2.10±0.86a 0.94±0.19b 0.82±0.15b 2.14±0.19a 0.73 -
腺苷酸/(μg/g) 87.07±20.75b 67.44±8.48b 196.50±50.93a 51.86±16.19cd 39.24±14.62de 29.42±7.29e 63.92±2.11c 5.10 -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005125829136, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 6, caption=

Table of factor load factors

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 因子1 因子2 因子3 因子4 因子5 因子6 因子7 共同度(公因子方差)
铁元素 -0.060 -0.021 0.048 -0.040 0.099 -0.006 0.976 0.970
镁元素 0.133 0.949 -0.048 -0.077 0.108 -0.006 0.015 0.937
钾元素 -0.330 0.817 0.161 0.142 0.147 0.229 -0.023 0.898
天冬氨酸 -0.753 0.114 -0.087 0.324 0.201 0.012 0.039 0.735
肌苷酸 0.287 -0.066 0.841 -0.068 -0.061 -0.185 0.076 0.843
腺苷酸 -0.332 0.297 0.117 -0.312 0.579 0.024 0.371 0.783
蛋白质 0.031 -0.107 0.071 -0.118 -0.918 -0.169 -0.045 0.905
水分 0.065 -0.149 0.147 0.846 -0.094 0.012 -0.145 0.795
脂肪 0.607 -0.364 -0.412 -0.065 0.281 -0.271 0.009 0.828
电导率 0.843 0.081 0.083 0.100 -0.049 0.158 -0.076 0.767
剪切力 0.098 0.111 0.057 0.065 0.163 0.928 -0.003 0.917
硬度 0.199 -0.141 -0.773 -0.115 -0.041 -0.336 -0.001 0.784
回弹性 -0.241 0.208 -0.116 0.761 0.154 0.100 0.087 0.735
特征根 3.180 1.819 1.735 1.485 1.202 0.824 0.653 -
方差解释率/% 24.460 13.990 13.347 11.426 9.243 6.342 5.022 -
累积方差解释率/% 24.460 38.450 51.797 63.222 72.465 78.807 83.829 -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005197132305, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表6, caption=

因子载荷系数表

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 因子1 因子2 因子3 因子4 因子5 因子6 因子7 共同度(公因子方差)
铁元素 -0.060 -0.021 0.048 -0.040 0.099 -0.006 0.976 0.970
镁元素 0.133 0.949 -0.048 -0.077 0.108 -0.006 0.015 0.937
钾元素 -0.330 0.817 0.161 0.142 0.147 0.229 -0.023 0.898
天冬氨酸 -0.753 0.114 -0.087 0.324 0.201 0.012 0.039 0.735
肌苷酸 0.287 -0.066 0.841 -0.068 -0.061 -0.185 0.076 0.843
腺苷酸 -0.332 0.297 0.117 -0.312 0.579 0.024 0.371 0.783
蛋白质 0.031 -0.107 0.071 -0.118 -0.918 -0.169 -0.045 0.905
水分 0.065 -0.149 0.147 0.846 -0.094 0.012 -0.145 0.795
脂肪 0.607 -0.364 -0.412 -0.065 0.281 -0.271 0.009 0.828
电导率 0.843 0.081 0.083 0.100 -0.049 0.158 -0.076 0.767
剪切力 0.098 0.111 0.057 0.065 0.163 0.928 -0.003 0.917
硬度 0.199 -0.141 -0.773 -0.115 -0.041 -0.336 -0.001 0.784
回弹性 -0.241 0.208 -0.116 0.761 0.154 0.100 0.087 0.735
特征根 3.180 1.819 1.735 1.485 1.202 0.824 0.653 -
方差解释率/% 24.460 13.990 13.347 11.426 9.243 6.342 5.022 -
累积方差解释率/% 24.460 38.450 51.797 63.222 72.465 78.807 83.829 -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005268435474, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 7, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of moisture content data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=60) 类别1 (n=19) 类别2 (n=14)
水分/% 69.373±1.346 64.153±3.026 76.08±3.652 115.97 0.000***
范围/% 73.0~76.0 <73.0 >76.0 - -
比例/% 20.430 15.050 64.520 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005331350035, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表7, caption=

水分含量数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=60) 类别1 (n=19) 类别2 (n=14)
水分/% 69.373±1.346 64.153±3.026 76.08±3.652 115.97 0.000***
范围/% 73.0~76.0 <73.0 >76.0 - -
比例/% 20.430 15.050 64.520 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005390070292, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 8, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of conductivity data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=44) 类别1 (n=39) 类别2 (n=10)
电导率/(S/m) 3.547±0.755 1.293±0.242 7.38±1.921 239.059 0.000***
范围/(S/m) 1.2~4.8 <1.2 >4.8 - -
比例/% 41.950 10.750 47.310 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005440401941, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表8, caption=

电导率数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=44) 类别1 (n=39) 类别2 (n=10)
电导率/(S/m) 3.547±0.755 1.293±0.242 7.38±1.921 239.059 0.000***
范围/(S/m) 1.2~4.8 <1.2 >4.8 - -
比例/% 41.950 10.750 47.310 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005499122198, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 9, caption=

Cluster difference analysis of shear force data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=82) 类别2 (n=10) 类别3 (n=1)
剪切力/N 2.951±0.633 7.128±0.964 16.697±N.A. 364.002 0.000***
范围/N <6.2 6.2~9.6 >9.6 - -
比例/% 88.170 10.750 1.080 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005553648151, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表9, caption=

剪切力数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=82) 类别2 (n=10) 类别3 (n=1)
剪切力/N 2.951±0.633 7.128±0.964 16.697±N.A. 364.002 0.000***
范围/N <6.2 6.2~9.6 >9.6 - -
比例/% 88.170 10.750 1.080 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005608174104, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 10, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of iron content data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=72) 类别3 (n=20) 类别2 (n=1)
铁元素/(mg/kg) 4.17±0.858 9.787±2.317 35.048±N.A. 397.747 0.000***
范围/(mg/kg) <6.2 6.2~7.2 >7.2 - -
比例/% 77.420 21.510 1.070 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005683671577, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表10, caption=

铁元素含量数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=72) 类别3 (n=20) 类别2 (n=1)
铁元素/(mg/kg) 4.17±0.858 9.787±2.317 35.048±N.A. 397.747 0.000***
范围/(mg/kg) <6.2 6.2~7.2 >7.2 - -
比例/% 77.420 21.510 1.070 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005742391834, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 11, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of fat content data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=36) 类别3 (n=29) 类别2 (n=28)
脂肪/(g/100 g) 2.329±0.831 5.228±0.591 8.039±1.027 372.564 0.000***
范围/(g/100 g) <3.8 3.8~6.5 >6.5 - -
比例/% 38.710 30.110 31.180 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005801112091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表11, caption=

脂肪含量数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=36) 类别3 (n=29) 类别2 (n=28)
脂肪/(g/100 g) 2.329±0.831 5.228±0.591 8.039±1.027 372.564 0.000***
范围/(g/100 g) <3.8 3.8~6.5 >6.5 - -
比例/% 38.710 30.110 31.180 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005880803868, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 12, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of inosinate content data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=55) 类别2 (n=23) 类别3 (n=15)
肌苷酸/(mg/kg) 0.794±0.176 2.452±0.338 1.394±0.246 399.216 0.000***
范围/(mg/kg) <1.1 1.1~1.9 >1.9 - -
比例/% 59.140 24.730 16.130 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005931135517, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表12, caption=

肌苷酸含量数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别1 (n=55) 类别2 (n=23) 类别3 (n=15)
肌苷酸/(mg/kg) 0.794±0.176 2.452±0.338 1.394±0.246 399.216 0.000***
范围/(mg/kg) <1.1 1.1~1.9 >1.9 - -
比例/% 59.140 24.730 16.130 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428005998244382, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 13, caption=

Cluster differentiation analysis of aspartic acid data

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=37) 类别1 (n=33) 类别2 (n=23)
天冬氨酸
/(mg/100 g)
1.725±0.116 2.069±0.091 2.446±0.168 245.343 0.000***
范围/(mg/100 g) <1.91 1.91~2.25 >2.25 - -
比例/% 35.480 39.790 24.730 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006069547551, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表13, caption=

天冬氨酸数据聚类差异性分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
名称 聚类类别(平均值±标准偏差) F P
类别3 (n=37) 类别1 (n=33) 类别2 (n=23)
天冬氨酸
/(mg/100 g)
1.725±0.116 2.069±0.091 2.446±0.168 245.343 0.000***
范围/(mg/100 g) <1.91 1.91~2.25 >2.25 - -
比例/% 35.480 39.790 24.730 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006115684896, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 14, caption=

Grading standards for 7 quality evaluation indicators of pork in Shanghai

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 一级 二级 三级
水分/% <73.0 73.0~76.0 >76.0
电导率/(S/m) <2.6 2.6~4.8 >4.8
剪切力/N <6.2 6.2~9.6 >9.6
铁元素/(mg/kg) >7.2 6.2~7.2 <6.2
脂肪/(g/100 g) 3.8~6.5 >6.5 <3.8
肌苷酸/(mg/g) >1.9 1.1~1.9 <1.1
天冬氨酸/(mg/100 g) >2.25 1.91~2.25 <1.91
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006170210849, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表14, caption=

上海地产猪肉7项品质评价指标的分级标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 一级 二级 三级
水分/% <73.0 73.0~76.0 >76.0
电导率/(S/m) <2.6 2.6~4.8 >4.8
剪切力/N <6.2 6.2~9.6 >9.6
铁元素/(mg/kg) >7.2 6.2~7.2 <6.2
脂肪/(g/100 g) 3.8~6.5 >6.5 <3.8
肌苷酸/(mg/g) >1.9 1.1~1.9 <1.1
天冬氨酸/(mg/100 g) >2.25 1.91~2.25 <1.91
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006228931106, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 15, caption=

Subjective evaluation judgment matrix

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 水分 电导率 剪切力 铁元素 脂肪 肌苷酸 天冬氨酸
水分 1.000 1.000 3.000 7.000 2.000 3.000 2.000
电导率 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 3.000 2.000 3.000
剪切力 0.333 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 2.000
铁元素 0.143 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 1.000
脂肪 0.500 0.333 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500
肌苷酸 0.333 0.500 0.500 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000
天冬氨酸 0.500 0.333 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.500 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006296039971, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表15, caption=

主观评价判断矩阵

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 水分 电导率 剪切力 铁元素 脂肪 肌苷酸 天冬氨酸
水分 1.000 1.000 3.000 7.000 2.000 3.000 2.000
电导率 1.000 1.000 1.000 1.000 3.000 2.000 3.000
剪切力 0.333 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 2.000 2.000
铁元素 0.143 1.000 1.000 1.000 2.000 1.000 1.000
脂肪 0.500 0.333 0.500 0.500 1.000 0.500 0.500
肌苷酸 0.333 0.500 0.500 1.000 2.000 1.000 2.000
天冬氨酸 0.500 0.333 0.500 1.000 2.000 0.500 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006358954532, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 16, caption=

Results of analytic hierarchy process

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 特征向量 权重值/% 最大特征根 CI
水分 1.039 29.040 7.524 0.087
电导率 0.992 19.208 1.000 1.000
剪切力 0.863 14.445 1.000 1.000
铁元素 0.851 11.060 1.000 1.000
脂肪 1.554 6.676 0.500 0.500
肌苷酸 1.005 10.682 0.500 1.000
天冬氨酸 0.695 8.889 0.500 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006413480485, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表16, caption=

层次分析结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
项目 特征向量 权重值/% 最大特征根 CI
水分 1.039 29.040 7.524 0.087
电导率 0.992 19.208 1.000 1.000
剪切力 0.863 14.445 1.000 1.000
铁元素 0.851 11.060 1.000 1.000
脂肪 1.554 6.676 0.500 0.500
肌苷酸 1.005 10.682 0.500 1.000
天冬氨酸 0.695 8.889 0.500 1.000
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006468006438, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 17, caption=

Results of consistency test

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
最大特征根 CI RI CR 一致性检验结果
7.524 0.087 1.341 0.065 通过
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006522532391, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表17, caption=

一致性检验结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
最大特征根 CI RI CR 一致性检验结果
7.524 0.087 1.341 0.065 通过
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006572864040, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 18, caption=

Scoring criteria for 7 quality evaluation indicators of high-quality pork

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 一级 得分 二级 得分 三级 得分
水分/% <73.0 29 73.0~76.0 19 >76.0 10
电导率/(S/m) <2.6 19 2.6~4.8 13 >4.8 6
剪切力/N <6.2 14 6.2~9.6 10 >9.6 5
铁元素/(mg/kg) >7.2 11 6.2~7.2 7 <6.2 4
脂肪/(g/100 g) 3.8~6.5 7 >6.5 4 <3.8 2
肌苷酸/(mg/g) >1.9 11 1.1~1.9 7 <1.1 4
天冬氨酸/(mg/100 g) >2.25 9 1.91~2.25 6 <1.91 3
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006639972905, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表18, caption=

优质猪肉7项品质评价指标的评分标准

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
指标 一级 得分 二级 得分 三级 得分
水分/% <73.0 29 73.0~76.0 19 >76.0 10
电导率/(S/m) <2.6 19 2.6~4.8 13 >4.8 6
剪切力/N <6.2 14 6.2~9.6 10 >9.6 5
铁元素/(mg/kg) >7.2 11 6.2~7.2 7 <6.2 4
脂肪/(g/100 g) 3.8~6.5 7 >6.5 4 <3.8 2
肌苷酸/(mg/g) >1.9 11 1.1~1.9 7 <1.1 4
天冬氨酸/(mg/100 g) >2.25 9 1.91~2.25 6 <1.91 3
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006702887466, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=EN, label=Table 19, caption=

Average score results of sample

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品品种 铁元素 天冬氨酸 肌苷酸 脂肪 水分 电导率 剪切力 总分
崇明沙乌头 12.0 9.0 5.0 13.4 14.0 14.0 10.0 77.4
浦东白猪 8.4 3.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 8.6 12.0 76.0
五丰上食 4.1 9.8 14.0 7.0 15.0 13.3 12.0 76.0
嘉定梅山猪 5.2 6.1 6.8 16.2 12.3 11.3 12.0 69.8
松林托佩克 4.3 5.7 5.4 17.7 15.0 8.5 12.0 68.6
上海白猪 4.0 6.2 6.0 7.0 15.0 13.1 12.0 63.3
金山枫泾 4.0 4.2 11.0 11.8 12.5 7.4 9.2 60.1
), ArticleFig(id=1183428006761607723, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986654156088018, language=CN, label=表19, caption=

样品平均得分结果

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
样品品种 铁元素 天冬氨酸 肌苷酸 脂肪 水分 电导率 剪切力 总分
崇明沙乌头 12.0 9.0 5.0 13.4 14.0 14.0 10.0 77.4
浦东白猪 8.4 3.0 14.0 15.0 15.0 8.6 12.0 76.0
五丰上食 4.1 9.8 14.0 7.0 15.0 13.3 12.0 76.0
嘉定梅山猪 5.2 6.1 6.8 16.2 12.3 11.3 12.0 69.8
松林托佩克 4.3 5.7 5.4 17.7 15.0 8.5 12.0 68.6
上海白猪 4.0 6.2 6.0 7.0 15.0 13.1 12.0 63.3
金山枫泾 4.0 4.2 11.0 11.8 12.5 7.4 9.2 60.1
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上海地产猪肉品质主要评价指标的筛选及分级标准的建立
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邓波 1 , 马颖清 1 , 陈柔含 1 , 白寅霜 2 , 张岩 2 , 杨晓君 1 , 李柚 2 , 王金斌 2, * , 沈秀平 1, *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025,16(3): 184-194
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:农产品综合利用及质量安全 2025, 16(3): 184-194
上海地产猪肉品质主要评价指标的筛选及分级标准的建立
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邓波1 , 马颖清1, 陈柔含1, 白寅霜2, 张岩2, 杨晓君1, 李柚2, 王金斌2, * , 沈秀平1, *
作者信息
  • 1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708
  • 2.上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所, 上海 201106
  • 邓波(1982—), 男, 硕士, 高级兽医师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全预测预警和风险评估, 农产品营养品质研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王金斌(1982—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别与速测。E-mail:
沈秀平(1980—), 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全的监测检测、畜牧科技创新和现代农业产业发展。E-mail:
Screening of main evaluation indexes and establishment of grading standards for pork quality in Shanghai
Bo DENG1 , Ying-Qing MA1, Rou-Han CHEN1, Yin-Shuang BAI2, Yan ZHANG2, Xiao-Jun YANG1, You LI2, Jin-Bin WANG2, * , Xiu-Ping SHEN1, *
Affiliations
  • 1. Shanghai Agricultural Products Quality and Safety Center, Shanghai 201708, China
  • 2. Biotechnology Research Institute, Shanghai Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Shanghai 201106, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240914006
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目的 对猪肉分等分级和优质优价构建合理的猪肉品质评价体系。方法 本研究以市面常见杜长大三元杂交猪为对照, 采集中国上海地产7种猪背最长肌进行肉质外观、质构、营养、风味物质等各项指标测定, 并确定地产猪肉品质的13项主要评价指标。为进一步构建上海地产猪肉品质分级标准, 应用因子分析、聚类分析、层次分析建立综合评价体系。结果 通过因子分析, 在选定的13项指标中确定7项指标(水分含量、电导率、剪切力、铁、脂肪、肌苷酸和天冬氨酸)作为主因子, 其方差贡献率高达83.829%。利用聚类分析及层析分析, 按照所得的7个品质指标建立3个不同等级的评分标准。结论 本研究建立上海地区完整的猪肉品质评价模型和分级评分标准, 实现了上海地区猪肉品质的精准把控, 也为地方猪肉品质评价提供了借鉴。

猪肉  /  聚类分析  /  层次分析  /  品质评价模型  /  分级评分标准

Objective To construct a reasonable pork quality evaluation system for pork grading and high quality and high price. Methods In this study, the common Dugong three-dimensional hybrid pigs were used as the control, and the longest back muscles of 7 kinds of pigs from Shanghai were collected for the determination of various indexes such as meat appearance, texture, nutrition and flavor substances, and 13 main evaluation indexes of pork quality in the real estate were determined. In order to further construct the grading standard of Shanghai real estate pork quality, factor analysis, cluster analysis and hierarchical analysis were applied to establish a comprehensive evaluation system. Results Through factor analysis, 7 indicators (moisture content, electrical conductivity, shear force, iron, fat, inosinic acid and aspartic acid) were identified as the main factors among the selected 13 indicators, and their variance contribution rate was as high as 83.829%. Using cluster analysis and chromatographic analysis, 3 different grades of scoring criteria were established according to 7 quality indicators obtained. Conclusion This study establishes a complete pork quality evaluation model and grading criteria in Shanghai, realizes the accurate control of pork quality in Shanghai, and also provides a reference for local pork quality evaluation.

pork  /  cluster analysis  /  hierarchical analysis  /  quality evaluation model  /  grading and scoring criteria
邓波, 马颖清, 陈柔含, 白寅霜, 张岩, 杨晓君, 李柚, 王金斌, 沈秀平. 上海地产猪肉品质主要评价指标的筛选及分级标准的建立. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 184 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240914006
Bo DENG, Ying-Qing MA, Rou-Han CHEN, Yin-Shuang BAI, Yan ZHANG, Xiao-Jun YANG, You LI, Jin-Bin WANG, Xiu-Ping SHEN. Screening of main evaluation indexes and establishment of grading standards for pork quality in Shanghai[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 184 -194 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240914006
随着我国居民生活水平的提高, 我国猪肉市场呈现出供需两旺的态势, 生猪养殖的生产水平也在不断提高。2022年, 中国居民家庭人均猪肉消费量为26.9公斤, 是国民餐桌的重要肉类食物来源, 而上海地区能繁母猪正常保有量为8.5万头, 生猪出栏量大于90万头。结合上海当前的市场背景, 生产出优质、健康、美味的猪肉已成为养殖行业关注的重点[1]。猪肉品质的检测与评价是现阶段猪肉制品行业面临的重要任务。
猪肉的品质评价较为系统, 包含多方面重要指标, 外观作为评价肉质的最直观指标, 与肉品的生物、化学、微生物变化等息息相关[2]; 质构是评价肉口感的重要指标, 质构多面剖析法可客观地评价肉品的食用品质, 包括嫩度、风味和多汁性, 从而弥补感官评价的缺陷[3]; 营养指标包含宏量营养素、微量元素、氨基酸等几大类, 能够评价肉品蛋白质营养价值, 对健康平衡具有重要意义; 风味是反映猪肉品质的主要属性之一, 包括挥发性物质刺激产生的嗅觉香味感和非挥发性物质刺激产生的味觉滋味感, 主要来自氨基酸类和核苷酸类[4-5], 这些指标可为猪肉品质的优劣评价提供有效依据。
国内猪肉品质评价体系主要包括感官评定指标(如肉色、pH、嫩度、系水力、风味等), 不少学者引入了风味评价指标体系, 包括非挥发性滋味和挥发性香味物质的评定[6], 同时加入了绿色供应链评价, 注重优质、安全猪肉的生产和供应链管理。国外猪肉品质评价体系同样也重视感官评定, 包括肉色、嫩度、风味等, 同时强调科学化、标准化的评价方法, 例如采用近红外光谱分析技术实现肉品食用品质的评价, 在肉质风味物质评定中更加重视, 为肉质风味评定提供理论支撑[7-9]。目前, 猪肉品质的评价逐渐由定性、单指标转变为定量、多指标综合评价[10]。聚类分析在品质测定方面应用广泛, 在不限定分类的数目和结构的情况下, 可以将分类对象按照一定规则分为若干类别, 以验证类别之间的差异性, 为猪肉评价指标的确立提供确切依据[11]。层次分析则可以赋予评价指标合理科学的权重[12], 聚类分析和层次分析的结合可以对猪肉品质的评价做出合理的综合评价。为建立上海地区完整科学的猪肉评价体系, 本研究基于上述两种方法通过多指标测定, 构建了上海地区猪肉品质评价模型和分级评分标准, 以期为地方猪肉品质评价方法和思路提供借鉴与参考。
从中国上海不同地区采集地产猪肉品种(浦东白猪、嘉定梅山猪、松林托佩克、崇明沙乌头、五丰上食、上海白猪、金山枫泾猪)背最长肌, 均取自公猪, 出栏时间一般在6~8月之间, 其中浦东白猪、嘉定梅山猪、崇明沙乌头、上海白猪和金山枫泾猪等地方猪种一般待宰活猪重量在80~95 kg, 松林托佩克和五丰上食的洋三元猪种则为(105±5) kg, 采样数量见表1。按照NY/T 821—2019《猪肉品质测定技术规程》要求, 在猪宰后40 min内按标准操作步骤进行采样, 采集倒数第3~4胸椎向后至胸腰椎结合处背最长肌样本, 样本存放于4 ℃保存。共采集95批次样本, 并针对猪肉背长肌外观、质构、营养及风味等方面开展电导率、水分、硬度、回弹性、剪切力、脂肪、蛋白质、微量元素、氨基酸、呈味核苷酸等5500余项次品质指标测定。
钙、铁、锌、铜、硒、镁、钾标准溶液(浓度≥1000 μg/mL, 美国Inorganic Ventures公司); 缬氨酸、赖氨酸、苏氨酸等18种氨基酸混合标准物(浓度为2.5 mmol/mL, 美国Sigma公司); 胞苷酸、鸟苷酸、尿苷酸、肌苷酸、腺苷酸(纯度≥95%, 德国Dr.Ehrenstorfer GmbH公司)。
盐酸、磷酸氢二钾(K2HPO4)、磷酸二氢钾(KH2PO4)、氢氧化钠(NaOH)(分析纯, 德国Merck公司); 乙醚、石油醚、甲醇(优级纯, 美国Sigma公司); 高氯酸、磷酸(分析纯, 国药化学试剂有限公司); 实验用水为超纯水。
MEMMERT UF260高温烘箱(德国MEMMERT公司); PB-10 pH计[赛多利斯科学仪器(北京)有限公司]; 梅特勒ML204万分之一天平(美国Metterler公司); TA.new plus质构仪(法国Isenso Group公司); WSC-S型色差计(上海仪电物理光学仪器有限公司); Foss全自动凯氏定氮仪、Foss脂肪测定仪(丹麦福斯分析仪器公司); S-433Dsp氨基酸分析仪[德国SYKAM(赛卡姆)公司]; PE 350X ICP-MS[铂金埃尔默仪器(上海)有限公司]; Agilent 1260高效液相色谱仪(配紫外检测器, 美国Agilent公司); Thermo Heraeus X1R高速冷冻离心机(美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); Milli-Q超纯水仪(美国Millipore公司); VM-B涡旋混合器[中国信钰仪器(北京)有限公司]; T18均质仪(德国IKA艾卡集团)。
质构指标通过质构仪进行全质构测试(texture profile analysis, TPA), 可测定包括硬度、黏性、弹性、咀嚼性、胶着性、黏聚性、回复性和脆度等, 测定样品规格为2 cm3方块, 每头猪进行3次重复测定, 质构仪测定条件: TA/0.5圆柱形探头, 测试前速度5 mm/s, 测试速度2 mm/s, 测试后速度5 mm/s, 两次下压间隔时间5 s, 触发应力5 g, 下压距离40%; 剪切力测定参照NY/T 1180—2006《肉嫩度的测定 剪切力测定法》; 电导率、水分等外观指标测定参考NY/T 821—2019, 氨基酸含量测定参考GB 5009.124—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中氨基酸的测定》; 脂肪、蛋白质营养指标分别参考GB 5009.6—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中脂肪的测定》及GB 5009.5—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中蛋白质的测定》; 微量元素测定参考GB 5009.268—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品中多元素的测定》; 呈味核苷酸测定参考陈柔含等[13]方法。
为确定上海地产猪肉的主要品质指标, 对13项品质指标数据进行标准化后, 开展因子分析。通过对品质指标原始数据进行因子分析, 筛选出权重较大的主要品质指标, 进行频次分布分析建立分级标准, 具体的技术路线流程如图1所示。
分级依据参照GB/T 42069—2022《瘦肉型猪肉质量分级》和NY/T 3380—2018《猪肉分级》, 基于7个主要品质指标的概率分布将上海地产猪肉每个品质指标均分为3个等级。7个主要品质指标基于各自的概率分布, 采用聚类分析将样本猪肉划分为3级, 分别为一级、二级和三级。
利用Excel 2021软件进行数据汇总及整理; 采用SPSS 26软件进行方差分析、因子分析及聚类分析, 并利用Origin 2022软件进行图片绘制。
猪肉品质指标的选择将外观及理化、质构、营养、风味4个维度进行选择, 外观、理化和质构是常认为的食用品质(肉质性状), 包括肉色、pH、大理石纹、肌内脂肪、滴水损失、嫩度、弹性、水分等; 营养指标则包括蛋白质、氨基酸、脂肪、微量元素、维生素类, 此类检测方法可采用国标方法进行测定, 也可用代谢组学方法进行测定, 便于筛选不同猪肉特征性品质指标; 风味指标包括呈味核苷酸、脂肪酸、鲜味氨基酸, 同样可选用国标方法、电子鼻或代谢组学、风味组学方法进行测定。因此, 可根据不同猪肉品种特性选择合适的指标进行评价。从表2~5可以看出, 嘉定梅山猪钙含量较高, 金山枫泾猪和上海白猪钙含量较低; 崇明沙乌头在铁、锌、铜、镁、钾上含量较高, 尤其是崇明沙乌头在腺苷酸上远高于其他猪种, 同时天冬氨酸、鸟苷酸也表现为高于其他猪种; 金山枫泾猪的水分含量和电导率表现较优秀; 松林托佩克在硒上含量较高; 上海白猪的脂肪含量较低, 但7个品种基本没有显著性差异; 蛋白质上, 崇明沙乌头猪较低, 上海白猪含量较高, 其他品种大部分没有显著性差异; 上海白猪在谷氨酸和胞苷酸上表现为含量较高。
上海地产猪肉的主要品质因子分析结果见表6, 其中累积方差解释率, 即方差贡献率, 表示每个因子解释的方差占总方差的比例。由因子分析结果可知前7个因子方差贡献率达83.829%, 包含了13项品质指标的大部分信息, 为主因子。第1因子代表性指标为天冬氨酸、脂肪和电导率, 方差贡献率为24.460%, 脂肪可定义为营养因子Ⅰ, 天冬氨酸可定义为风味因子Ⅰ, 电导率可定义为理化外观因子Ⅰ; 第2因子代表性指标为镁和钾, 可定义为营养因子Ⅱ, 方差贡献率为13.990%; 第3因子代表性指标为肌苷酸和硬度, 可将肌苷酸定义为风味因子Ⅱ, 硬度定义为质构因子Ⅱ, 方差贡献率为13.347%; 第4因子代表性指标为水分和回弹性, 前者可定义为外观营养因子Ⅲ, 后者可定义为质构因子Ⅲ, 方差贡献率为11.426%; 第5因子代表性指标为蛋白质和腺苷酸, 可将蛋白质定义为营养因子Ⅳ, 腺苷酸定义为风味因子Ⅲ, 方差贡献率为9.243%; 第6因子代表性指标为剪切力, 可定义为质构因子Ⅳ, 方差贡献率为6.342%; 第7因子代表性指标为铁, 可定义为营养因子Ⅴ, 方差贡献率为5.022%。
水分和电导率是猪肉评价的品质指标, 电导率是第1因子的主要贡献成分, 水分是第4因子的主要成分, 对数据做相关性分析表明, 两者没有关联性, 建议2个指标都选择作为外观因子。剪切力、硬度、回弹性是猪肉评价的质构指标, 由于剪切力的因子权重最大(以绝对值论, 下同), 且与其他两个指标显著相关, 故选择剪切力代表质构因子。蛋白质、脂肪、镁元素、钾元素、铁元素是评价猪肉的营养指标, 铁元素含量是元素中因子权重最大的, 脂肪在第1因子中贡献突出, 因此选择铁元素和脂肪作为营养因子。腺苷酸、肌苷酸、天冬氨酸属于风味指标, 由于肌苷酸的因子权重最大, 通过相关性分析得到肌苷酸与腺苷酸、天冬氨酸没有相关性, 天冬氨酸与腺苷酸呈正相关, 且天冬氨酸因子权重大于腺苷酸, 故选择肌苷酸和天冬氨酸代表风味因子。基于上述分析, 确定水分、电导率、剪切力、铁元素、脂肪、肌苷酸和天冬氨酸7项指标作为上海地产猪肉品质评价指标, 水分和电导率为外观指标, 剪切力为质构指标, 铁元素和脂肪为营养指标, 肌苷酸和天冬氨酸为风味指标。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为19, 所占百分比为15.050%; 聚类类别2的频数为14, 所占百分比为64.520%; 聚类类别3的频数为60, 所占百分比为20.430%, 详见表7。结果表明对于变量水分含量(%), 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量水分含量(%)在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。GB 18394—2020《畜禽肉水分限量》中对猪肉水分限量(≤76%)进行规定, 因此本项目组将类别2的范围定为该限量值。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为39, 所占百分比为10.750%; 聚类类别2的频数为10, 所占百分比为47.310%; 聚类类别3的频数为44, 所占百分比为41.950%, 详见表8。结果表明对于变量电导率, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量电导率在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为82, 所占百分比为88.170%; 聚类类别2的频数为10, 所占百分比为10.750%; 聚类类别3的频数为1, 所占百分比为1.080%, 详见表9。结果表明对于变量剪切力, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量剪切力在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为72, 所占百分比为77.420%; 聚类类别2的频数为1, 所占百分比为1.070%; 聚类类别3的频数为20, 所占百分比为21.510%, 详见表10。结果表明对于变量铁, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量铁在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为36, 所占百分比为38.710%; 聚类类别2的频数为28, 所占百分比为31.180%; 聚类类别3的频数为29, 所占百分比为30.110%, 详见表11。结果表明对于变量脂肪, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量脂肪在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为55, 所占百分比为59.140%; 聚类类别2的频数为23, 所占百分比为24.730%; 聚类类别3的频数为15, 所占百分比为16.130%, 详见表12。结果表明对于变量肌苷酸, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量肌苷酸在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
基于数据特征将样本划分为3类, 聚类类别1的频数为33, 所占百分比为39.790%; 聚类类别2的频数为23, 所占百分比为24.730%; 聚类类别3的频数为37, 所占百分比为35.480%, 详见表13。结果表明对于天冬氨酸, 显著性P为0.000***, 水平上呈现显著性, 拒绝原假设, 说明变量天冬氨酸在聚类分析划分的类别之间存在显著性差异。
由上述聚类分析方式整合形成分级标准如表14所示。
根据猪肉样品的7项品质指标贡献及其重要程度, 采用1~9标度法, 构造出优质猪肉品质指标的主观评价判断矩阵, 见表15。标度从1~9表示为1-同样重要, 3-稍微重要, 5-明显重要, 7-强烈重要, 9-极端重要。例如表15中第1行(水分)相较于第2列(电导率)的矩阵值为1, 则表明水分含量相较于电导率同样重要; 第1行(水分)相较于第4列(铁元素)的矩阵为7, 则表明水分相较于铁元素强烈重要, 相反地, 第4行(铁元素)相较于第1列(水分)为0.143分, 则表明铁元素相比于水分不太重要。
采用和积法对各个指标进行层次分析, 权重计算如表16所示。结果表明, 水分含量的权重为29.040%, 电导率的权重为19.208%, 剪切力的权重为14.445%, 铁的权重为11.060%, 脂肪的权重为6.676%, 肌苷酸的权重为10.682%, 天冬氨酸的权重为8.889%, 最大特征根为7.524。本研究通过一致性比率(CR)值进行一致性检验分析, 一致性比率(CR)等于一致性指标(CI)与随机一致性指标(RI)的比, 根据RI表查到对应的RI值为1.341, 因此CR=CI/RI=0.065<0.1, 通过一次性检验(如表17所示)。
以层次分析确定的指标权重乘以100, 保留2位小数, 作为该品质指标的满分值, 7项品质指标满分总和为100分。以该品质指标满分值的33%为三级, 确定各级的得分。正向指标(铁元素、蛋白质、肌苷酸、天冬氨酸)以最高等级为满分, 其后各等级得分依次递减。各指标的评分标准见表18
采用上述所建立的评分标准对95批次样品依综合得分进行打分, 结果如表19所示。不同猪肉样品评分不同, 个体间存在差异。肉质总体评分在60~78分之间, 崇明沙乌头、浦东白猪和嘉定梅山猪评分要高于金山枫泾猪, 主要是由于铁元素含量、电导率之间存在较大差异的原因。五丰上食(洋三元)由于肌苷酸含量较高, 总分较高。
影响猪肉品质的因素众多, 筛选出关键影响因子作为肉质评价指标, 有利于全面地反映各品种的肉质性状, 最大限度地代表较多的原始信息。常见的猪肉评价指标可分为外观、质构、营养、风味4大类, 具体包括系水力、风味、嫩度、脂肪含量等。为确定上海地产猪肉评价的主要品质指标, 对13项品质指标数据进行标准化后, 开展因子分析, 基于特征值>1, 累计方差贡献率大于60%的原则提取主成分个数, 由因子分析结果可知前7个因子方差贡献率达83.829%, 能解释13项品质指标的大部分信息, 确定为主因子。外观指标方面, 电导率是第1因子的主要贡献成分, 水分含量是第4因子的主要贡献成分, 两者在相关性分析中没有关联性, 建议2个指标都选择为优质猪肉外观表征上的关键因子。质构指标方面, 剪切力是第6因子的主要成分, 而其余硬度、回弹性同样作为质构指标与剪切力呈显著相关, 故选择剪切力代表优质猪肉质构关键因子。营养指标方面, 蛋白质、脂肪、镁、钾、铁均是评价猪肉营养的重要因素, 由于铁含量在各元素中因子的权重最大, 而脂肪在第1因子中贡献突出, 因此选择铁和脂肪作为表征猪肉营养指标中的关键因子。腺苷酸、肌苷酸、天冬氨酸属于风味指标, 其中肌苷酸的因子权重最大, 而天冬氨酸又与腺苷酸呈正相关, 且天冬氨酸因子权重大于腺苷酸, 故选择肌苷酸和天冬氨酸作为风味因子。基于上述分析, 确定7项指标作为上海地产猪肉品质评价指标: 水分含量和电导率为外观指标, 剪切力为质构指标, 铁和脂肪为营养指标, 肌苷酸和天冬氨酸为风味指标。水分是肌肉中含量最高的成分, 其含量可以用来肉的多汁性, 也是判断肉类是否注水的重要参数[14]。新鲜猪背最长肌的水分含量在63%~76%之间[15-16], GB/T 9959.2—2008《分割鲜冻猪瘦肉》分割鲜冻猪瘦肉规定分割肉水分含量<77%, 本研究测得水分含量在该范围内。嫩度是肉类的关键指标, 剪切力越小, 表明肉质越嫩, 从实验结果来看嘉定梅山猪、浦东白猪和松林托佩克猪种均表现出较优的嫩度, 这与涂尾龙等[17]、陆雪林等[18]结果一致。肉类是人体补充蛋白质的重要饮食之一, 猪肉作为餐桌常见饮食, 《中国食物成分表(标准版)》第6版中杜长大品种猪肉的蛋白质含量为19.6 g/100 g, 所测的7个品种猪肉均高于该值, 表明猪肉品质普遍较优。风味也是影响消费者购买的重要因素[19], 肌苷酸表现为猪肉的新鲜度, 肌苷酸不稳定易分解为肌苷, 随放置时间变化含量降低, 浦东白猪和五丰上食三元杂交猪的肌苷酸含量较高; 氨基酸也是肉类主要呈味物质之一, 具有鲜味的氨基酸主要为天冬氨酸和谷氨酸[20-21], 崇明沙乌头的天冬氨酸远高于别的品种。
通过对肉质全面分析测定大量数据, 进行数学分析建立相关性, 采用多元统计分析方法降维数据形成科学有效的综合评价模型, 是目前较为主流的指标体系建立的流程。主要有主成分分析法[22-24]、层次分析法[25]、灰色关联度法[26-27]、聚类分析[28]、相关性分析[29-31]等方法。李改英等[22]运用主成分分析法将数据进行降维处理, 建立权重和综合评价模型, 并得出地方品种综合得分高于三元杂交品种, 与相关文献报道一致, 该评价模型客观可行性高。陈岩松等[23]对不同品牌五香驴肉进行品质分析, 主成分分析获得2个主要成分因子形成评价模型方程, 将检测结果代入后与感官评价分析相对一致, 表明该模型可作为感官评价法的补充。张燕等[24]通过测定了藏羊不同部位肉9项品质指标, 采用主成分分析提取了4个主成分因子, 按照品质特性对不同部位肉进行聚类分析, 获得肉质相似的肉, 为藏羊不同部位品质评价及精深加工提供理论依据。金莉等[25]采用层次分析法根据肉质各指标在整个系统中的重要性, 分别确定各指标权重, 以此来确定最终的灰色关联度, 根据灰色关联度可以有效反映出各指标与参考值相关程度[32-33]
为建立科学有效的分级评价方法, 本研究参照GB/T 42069—2022和NY/T 3380—2018的分级等级, 前者对主要部位肉分级按照一级、二级和三级进行分级, 后者将猪胴体4个部位肉按照脂肪厚度同样分为3个等级, 综合考虑评价分析方法, 采用聚类分析将所得的7个品质指标划分为3个等级, 分别为一级、二级和三级, 形成分级标准。通过1~9标度法构建出猪肉的主观评价判断矩阵进行猪肉品质综合评分。利用所建立的评分标准对95批次样品进行综合打分, 各猪肉样品所得评分不同, 说明个体间存在一定差异。综合来看, 金山枫泾猪的得分最低, 低于崇明沙乌头、浦东白猪和嘉定梅山猪等其他上海地产猪肉, 这可能是由于铁元素含量的差异所导致; 五丰上食洋三元的猪肉由于肌苷酸含量较高, 分数与浦东白猪差异不大; 松林托佩克猪种及上海农科院自主杂交获得的上海白猪评分略高于金山枫泾猪, 低于其他猪种, 一方面是由于猪种限制, 另一方面, 受限于肉中的铁元素含量。本研究的品质评价方法通过测定大量的品质相关指标, 采用1~9标度法分析和一致性检验, 科学表征各项指标间的相关性和重要性, 反映出在猪肉评价的过程中上述指标的选取具有一定的实际意义, 同时计算权重建立品质分级, 该方法适用于前期研究积累及综合品质体系的构建。本研究建立了上海地产猪肉性质评价体系, 使市场对优质肉的评价更为科学与准确, 以期为后续优质地产猪肉的深入研究提供参考。
通过测定上海地区4种地方猪种和3杂交猪种背最长肌外观、质构、营养及风味4方面品质指标, 比对不同猪种间指标差异性, 其中嘉定梅山猪钙含量较高; 上海白猪蛋白质含量较高; 崇明沙乌头在铁、锌、铜、镁、钾、腺苷酸上含量较高; 金山枫泾猪的水分和电导率表现较优; 松林托佩克在硒上含量较高; 上海白猪在谷氨酸和胞苷酸上表现为含量较高。肉品质的好坏, 更多地与品种有关[28,34], 从实验整体来看, 地方猪种的品质优于其他猪种。对所得数据采用因子分析获得主要贡献成分的因子, 通过聚类分析确认关键因子为水分、电导率、剪切力、铁、脂肪、肌苷酸和天冬氨酸7个指标, 并作为上海地产猪肉品质评价的主要指标, 并通过层析分析确定7个指标的权重, 参照GB/T 42069—2022分为3个等级, 形成品质评价体系及评分标准。该评价体系的建立进一步完善了对上海地方猪肉品质评价, 为地方猪肉品质相关指标的评价提供借鉴; 同时, 制定相关猪肉品质分级标准, 对猪肉进行分等分级, 有利于规范国内猪肉市场, 改善猪肉品质优劣状况, 促进猪肉行业的健康绿色发展, 进一步促进我国经济发展。
  • 上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科(I2024004))
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240914006
  • 接收时间:2024-09-14
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-14
基金
上海市农业科技创新项目(沪农科(I2024004))
作者信息
    1.上海市农产品质量安全中心, 上海 201708
    2.上海市农业科学院生物技术研究所, 上海 201106

通讯作者:

* 王金斌(1982—), 博士, 副研究员, 主要研究方向为农产品品质因子精准识别与速测。E-mail:
沈秀平(1980—), 硕士, 正高级畜牧师, 主要研究方向为农产品质量安全的监测检测、畜牧科技创新和现代农业产业发展。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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