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Article(id=1153433697064838063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240912002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1726070400000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-12, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929623142, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929623142, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929623142, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929623142, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=33, endPage=37, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433698071471037, articleId=1153433697064838063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Pollution status and risk analysis of perfluorinated compounds in the commercial fishes in Liaoning coastal areas, columnId=1153433689657692523, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Highlight: Technology Centre of Dalian Customs, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To investigate the pollution status of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in commercial fish in Liaoning coastal areas. Methods The 6 species of marine commercial fish were collected from 4 coastal areas in Liaoning, including Lvshun, Zhuanghe, Yingkou, and Jinzhou. A standardized pre-processing procedure for marine fish samples was established. PFCs were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pollution levels of PFCs in the commercial fish were assessed, and the bioaccumulation risk analysis was conducted. Results The main PFCs pollutants in economic fish species in sea were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS). PFOA was detected in all fish samples, with maximum and minimum concentrations of 30.30 ng/g ww and 4.02 ng/g ww, respectively. PFOS was detected in 100% of fish viscera samples but was not found in muscle tissues. Among the tested species, Sebastodes fuscescens, Hexagrammos otakii, and Larimichthys polyactis were more prone to accumulating PFOS and PFOA, indicating potential bioaccumulation effects. Conclusion PFCs contamination is widespread in commercial fish. Continuous monitoring of PFCs shall be implemented, and control measures shall be taken in areas with severe PFOS and PFOA pollution. Ongoing monitoring and risk analysis of these pollutants are essential.

, correspAuthors=Xin QI, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wen-Ying XU, Bao-Zhen SHEN, Shi-Chao QU, Wei-Feng XUE, Xin QI), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433705063375033, articleId=1153433697064838063, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物污染状况和风险分析, columnId=1153433689825464685, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期重点：大连海关, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 调查辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds, PFCs)污染状况。方法 采集辽宁省主要经济海域旅顺、庄河、营口、锦州4个地区6种主要经济鱼类样品, 建立海洋生物样品的前处理规范程序, 用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测PFCs, 研究这些经济鱼类中PFCs的污染水平, 并进行生物富集风险分析。结果 这些海域经济鱼类中PFCs污染主要为全氟辛磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonates, PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, FPOA)污染。PFOA在鱼类样品中检出率达到100%, PFOA含量最大值达30.30 ng/g ww, 最小值为4.02 ng/g ww。PFOS在鱼类内脏中的检出率达到100%, 而在鱼肉组织未检出。黑鮶鱼、六线鱼、小黄鱼是所测试的这些经济鱼类中更易富集PFOS、PFOA的鱼种, 具有潜在的生物富集效应。结论 经济鱼类中广泛存在PFCs污染, PFCs的检测工作应该持续开展, 对于PFOS及PFOA污染严重的地区应尽早采取防治措施, 持续进行这些污染物的监测及风险分析。

, correspAuthors=齐欣, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 齐欣(1984—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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徐文英(1981—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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徐文英(1981—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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徐文英(1981—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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Acta Ecologica Sinica, 2022, 42(12): 4719-4728., articleTitle=Impacts of perfluoroalkyl substances on sustainable development of coastal marine ecosystems under climate change, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278342527730330, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278342531924635, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, companyId=1173278342527730330, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian 116000, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278342540313244, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, companyId=1173278342527730330, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=大连海关技术中心, 大连 116000)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278344339669696, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Total ion diagram of PFCs mixtures, figureFileSmall=qQzY89N7JCWfK6vV3+wLtg==, figureFileBig=hEnMtnIsEsV6qm5IczZrDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278344394195649, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=CN, label=图1, caption=PFCs类混合物的总离子图

注: 1. PFOA; 2. PFHxS(全氟己烷磺酸, perfluorohexanesulfonate); 3. PFNA(全氟壬酸, perfluorononanoic acid); 4. PFDA(全氟癸酸, perfluorodecanoic acid); 5. PFOS; 6. PFUdA(全氟十一酸, perfluoroundecanoic acid); 7. PFDoA(全氟十二酸, perfluorododecanoic acid); 8. PFDS(全氟癸烷磺酸, perfluorodecanesulfonate); 9. PFTrDA(全氟十三酸, perfluorotridecanoic acid); 10. PFTeDA(全氟十四酸, perfluorotetradecanoic acid)。

, figureFileSmall=qQzY89N7JCWfK6vV3+wLtg==, figureFileBig=hEnMtnIsEsV6qm5IczZrDA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1173278344448721602, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Gradient elution program

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液/% 乙腈/%
0.00 60 40
9.00 10 90
12.00 10 90
12.01 60 40
20.00 60 40
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344532607683, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 10 mmol/L醋酸铵溶液/% 乙腈/%
0.00 60 40
9.00 10 90
12.00 10 90
12.01 60 40
20.00 60 40
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344599716548, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Condition of mass spectrometry

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物名称 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/eV
PFOA 3.0 413 369* 4
169 16
PFOS 6.8 499 99* 48
80 72
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344733934277, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

质谱条件

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
目标物名称 保留时间/min 母离子(m/z) 子离子(m/z) 碰撞能/eV
PFOA 3.0 413 369* 4
169 16
PFOS 6.8 499 99* 48
80 72
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344788460230, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Concentrations of PFOA and PFOS in fish samples (ng/g ww)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采集地点 样品名称 描述指标 PFOA PFOS
旅顺 黑鮶鱼 含量范围 5.90~15.50 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 10.20±2.82 ND
黑鮶鱼肝 含量范围 61.10~102.00 8.62~15.25
平均值±
标准偏差		 84.80±13.50 11.31±2.10
六线鱼 含量范围 6.62~12.10 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 9.66±1.55 ND
庄河 高眼鲽鱼 含量范围 4.02~8.07 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 6.69±1.35 ND
营口 小黄鱼 含量范围 13.90~30.30 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 23.10±4.77 ND
鲈鱼 含量范围 4.13~7.35 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 5.88±0.82 ND
鲈鱼肝 含量范围 5.66~9.02 3.39~6.28
平均值±
标准偏差		 6.86±0.96 4.87±1.01
锦州 鲬鱼 含量范围 4.30~7.89 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 5.82±1.00 ND
鲬鱼肝 含量范围 5.68~10.80 8.55~15.78
平均值±
标准偏差		 7.52±1.62 11.94±2.05
鲬鱼卵 含量范围 5.40~10.30 95.27~158.74
平均值±
标准偏差		 7.36±1.27 125.35±20.91
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344851374791, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

鱼类样品中PFOA和PFOS的含量(ng/g ww)

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
采集地点 样品名称 描述指标 PFOA PFOS
旅顺 黑鮶鱼 含量范围 5.90~15.50 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 10.20±2.82 ND
黑鮶鱼肝 含量范围 61.10~102.00 8.62~15.25
平均值±
标准偏差		 84.80±13.50 11.31±2.10
六线鱼 含量范围 6.62~12.10 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 9.66±1.55 ND
庄河 高眼鲽鱼 含量范围 4.02~8.07 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 6.69±1.35 ND
营口 小黄鱼 含量范围 13.90~30.30 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 23.10±4.77 ND
鲈鱼 含量范围 4.13~7.35 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 5.88±0.82 ND
鲈鱼肝 含量范围 5.66~9.02 3.39~6.28
平均值±
标准偏差		 6.86±0.96 4.87±1.01
锦州 鲬鱼 含量范围 4.30~7.89 ND
平均值±
标准偏差		 5.82±1.00 ND
鲬鱼肝 含量范围 5.68~10.80 8.55~15.78
平均值±
标准偏差		 7.52±1.62 11.94±2.05
鲬鱼卵 含量范围 5.40~10.30 95.27~158.74
平均值±
标准偏差		 7.36±1.27 125.35±20.91
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344922677960, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

BAF of different fish species

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
鱼种 PFOA PFOS
黑鮶鱼(肝) 3375 (28830) (23208)
六线鱼 3286 -
小黄鱼 2253 -
鲈鱼(肝) 416 (485) (497)
鲬鱼(肝、卵) 410 (519、526) (1227、12893)
高眼鲽鱼 920 -
), ArticleFig(id=1173278344985592521, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433697064838063, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

不同鱼种的BAF

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
鱼种 PFOA PFOS
黑鮶鱼(肝) 3375 (28830) (23208)
六线鱼 3286 -
小黄鱼 2253 -
鲈鱼(肝) 416 (485) (497)
鲬鱼(肝、卵) 410 (519、526) (1227、12893)
高眼鲽鱼 920 -
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辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物污染状况和风险分析
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徐文英 , 沈葆真 , 曲世超 , 薛伟锋 , 齐欣 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点：大连海关 2025,16(7): 33-37
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期重点：大连海关 2025, 16(7): 33-37
辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物污染状况和风险分析
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徐文英 , 沈葆真, 曲世超, 薛伟锋, 齐欣*
作者信息
  • 大连海关技术中心, 大连 116000

    • 徐文英(1981—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 齐欣(1984—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Pollution status and risk analysis of perfluorinated compounds in the commercial fishes in Liaoning coastal areas
Wen-Ying XU , Bao-Zhen SHEN, Shi-Chao QU, Wei-Feng XUE, Xin QI*
Affiliations
  • Technology Center of Dalian Customs District, Dalian 116000, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240912002
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摘要
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目的 调查辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds, PFCs)污染状况。方法 采集辽宁省主要经济海域旅顺、庄河、营口、锦州4个地区6种主要经济鱼类样品, 建立海洋生物样品的前处理规范程序, 用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测PFCs, 研究这些经济鱼类中PFCs的污染水平, 并进行生物富集风险分析。结果 这些海域经济鱼类中PFCs污染主要为全氟辛磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonates, PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, FPOA)污染。PFOA在鱼类样品中检出率达到100%, PFOA含量最大值达30.30 ng/g ww, 最小值为4.02 ng/g ww。PFOS在鱼类内脏中的检出率达到100%, 而在鱼肉组织未检出。黑鮶鱼、六线鱼、小黄鱼是所测试的这些经济鱼类中更易富集PFOS、PFOA的鱼种, 具有潜在的生物富集效应。结论 经济鱼类中广泛存在PFCs污染, PFCs的检测工作应该持续开展, 对于PFOS及PFOA污染严重的地区应尽早采取防治措施, 持续进行这些污染物的监测及风险分析。

全氟化合物  /  全氟辛磺酸  /  全氟辛酸  /  污染水平  /  生物富集

Objective To investigate the pollution status of perfluorinated compounds (PFCs) in commercial fish in Liaoning coastal areas. Methods The 6 species of marine commercial fish were collected from 4 coastal areas in Liaoning, including Lvshun, Zhuanghe, Yingkou, and Jinzhou. A standardized pre-processing procedure for marine fish samples was established. PFCs were detected using liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. The pollution levels of PFCs in the commercial fish were assessed, and the bioaccumulation risk analysis was conducted. Results The main PFCs pollutants in economic fish species in sea were perfluorooctanoic acid (PFOA) and perfluorooctane sulfonates (PFOS). PFOA was detected in all fish samples, with maximum and minimum concentrations of 30.30 ng/g ww and 4.02 ng/g ww, respectively. PFOS was detected in 100% of fish viscera samples but was not found in muscle tissues. Among the tested species, Sebastodes fuscescens, Hexagrammos otakii, and Larimichthys polyactis were more prone to accumulating PFOS and PFOA, indicating potential bioaccumulation effects. Conclusion PFCs contamination is widespread in commercial fish. Continuous monitoring of PFCs shall be implemented, and control measures shall be taken in areas with severe PFOS and PFOA pollution. Ongoing monitoring and risk analysis of these pollutants are essential.

perfluorinated compounds  /  perfluorooctane sulfonates  /  perfluorooctanoic acid  /  pollution levels  /  bioaccumulation
徐文英, 沈葆真, 曲世超, 薛伟锋, 齐欣. 辽宁沿海经济鱼类的全氟化合物污染状况和风险分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 33 -37 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240912002
Wen-Ying XU, Bao-Zhen SHEN, Shi-Chao QU, Wei-Feng XUE, Xin QI. Pollution status and risk analysis of perfluorinated compounds in the commercial fishes in Liaoning coastal areas[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 33 -37 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240912002
正文
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0 引言
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全氟化合物(perfluorinated compounds, PFCs)是一类新型持久性有机污染物, 其中全氟辛磺酸(perfluorooctane sulfonates, PFOS)和全氟辛酸(perfluorooctanoic acid, PFOA)是两种最主要的PFCs。PFCs具有良好的表面活性和很高的化学稳定性, 被广泛应用到工业生产多个领域[1-3]。由于“碳-氟”键有很高的键能导致PFCs具有持久性、难降解性[4], 部分全氟化合物会蓄积在生物体内, 对生物体的健康产生不良影响。毒理试验表明, PFCs具有肝脏毒性[5]、神经毒性[6]、生殖毒性[7]、发育毒性[6]、免疫毒性[8]、内分泌干扰作用和潜在的致癌性[9]。
目前许多研究表明全氟化合物已广泛存在于各种环境介质中[10]。环境介质中的PFCs进入到动物体内, 通过生物蓄积作用和食物链逐级放大[11-12], 最终在人体内富集从而产生潜在的生物毒性[13]。饮食是PFCs的一种重要的暴露途径[14-16], 近年来通过饮用水[17-20]和食品[21-23]而摄入PFCs对人类健康引起风险也是研究的热点问题。对于沿海地区的居民来说海产品是日常饮食的重要组成部分, 因此对海产品进行PFCs检测是一项很有必要进行的工作。
本研究采集了辽宁省主要经济海域旅顺、庄河、营口、锦州4个地区6种主要经济鱼类样品, 研究这些经济鱼类中PFCs的污染水平, 对可食用经济鱼类PFCs类物质污染情况进行生物富集风险分析, 从人类健康角度, 对减轻人类PFCs类物质负荷提出有效建议。
1 材料与方法
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1.1 材料、试剂与仪器
2021年5月到2022年5月, 收集辽宁省内旅顺、庄河、营口、锦州4个地区市售的6种主要经济海产鱼类样品, 具体种类为: 六线鱼(Hexagrammos otakii)、鲈鱼(Lateolabrax japonicus)、黑鮶鱼(Sebastes schlegeli)、小黄鱼(Pseudosciaena polyactis)、鲬鱼(Platycephalus indicus)和高眼鲽鱼(Cleisthenes herzensteini)。
PFOS钾盐(色谱纯)、PFOA(色谱纯, 纯度为98%)(瑞士Fluka公司); 全氟-1-辛烷磺酰胺(perfluoro- 1-octanesulfonamide, FOSA)(色谱纯, 加拿大Wellington Laboratories公司); 四丁基硫酸氢铵(tetrabutylammonium hydrogen sulfate, TBAHS)、叔丁基甲醚(tert-butyl methyl ether, TBME)(优级纯, 美国Sigma公司); 玻璃纤维膜(上海安谱实验科技股份有限公司); HLB柱(美国Waters公司); 乙腈(色谱纯, 美国赛默飞世尔科技公司); NaOH、盐酸、醋酸铵(优级纯, 天津市科密欧化学试剂有限公司); 高纯水: 经脱PFCs处理。
N-EVAP-24氮吹仪(美国Organomation公司); ZHWY334往复式振荡器(苏州江东精密仪器有限公司); KQ3200DV数控超声波清洗器(昆山市超声仪器有限公司); PL203电子天平(精度0.001 g, 瑞士梅特勒-托利多公司); Angilent6410B液相色谱-串联质谱仪、Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm)(美国安捷伦公司)。
1.2 实验方法
1.2.1 样品预处理
称取0.1 g样品于15 mL离心管中, 加入2 mL 0.5 mol/L NaOH溶液, 振荡20 min, 于80 ℃水浴中消解12 h后取出静置, 冷却至室温, 用2 mol/L盐酸溶液将消解液调至中性。向离心管中加入1 mL 0.5 mol/L离子对试剂(TBAHS)、5 mL TBME, 充分振荡20 min, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 取上层有机相于另一离心管中, 向消解液中再次加入5 mLTBME充分振荡20 min, 8000 r/min离心5 min, 合并萃取液, 氮气吹干。加入1 mL乙腈复溶, 待测。
1.2.2 液相色谱-串联质谱仪分析条件
色谱条件: 分离柱: Eclipse Plus C18柱(2.1 mm×100 mm, 3.5 µm); 柱温: 40 ℃; 流动相: 乙腈＋10 mmol醋酸铵, 梯度洗脱见表1; 流速: 0.25 mL/min; 进样量: 10 µL; 运行时间: 20 min。
质谱条件: 电喷雾离子源(electrospray ionization, ESI), 负离子模式, 源温120 ℃; 质谱条件见表2。
1.2.3 质量控制
本研究中所用的仪器和实验用具的聚四氟乙烯材料都进行了隔离处理, 所有器具均用色谱级甲醇预洗后再使用, 固相萃取柱使用前用脱PFCs水及甲醇进行处理。
1.3 数据处理
使用Office Excel 2007软件进行数据处理。
2 结果与分析
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2.1 PFCs检测结果质量分析
在最佳的流速和洗脱梯度条件下, PFCs标准溶液的总离子质谱图如图1所示, 保留时间可接受, 分离效果理想。结合PFCs标准溶液的总离子质谱图, 本研究测定了主要经济鱼类样品中PFCs含量, 结果主要为PFOA和PFOS, 因此本研究主要针对于这2种物质展开论述。PFOA和PFOS的定量限(10倍信噪比)分别为7 pg/g和46 pg/g。满足痕量检测要求。
2.2 辽宁省主要经济海域鱼类PFOS和PFOA污染现状
PFOA在各种鱼类样品中检出率达到100%。PFOS在鱼类内脏中的检出率达到100%, 而在鱼肉组织未检出(见表3)。这表明了PFCs污染在辽宁省主要经济海域的这些特色海产品中普遍存在。在所有检测的鱼类样品中PFOA含量按以下顺序递减: 黑鮶鱼肝>小黄鱼>黑鮶鱼>六线鱼>鲬鱼肝>鲬鱼卵>鲈鱼肝>高眼鲽鱼>鲈鱼>鲬鱼, PFOS的含量按以下顺序递减: 鲬鱼卵>鲬鱼肝>黑鮶鱼肝>鲈鱼肝。
有研究[24]测定了胶州湾典型野生海产品, PFOS检出率100%, 所有的海产品中PFOS、PFOA含量分别达4.77 ng/g和0.85 ng/g, 结果表明PFOS较PFOA来说更容易发生生物累积现象。而贝类样品中的PFOA含量高于PFOS[24-25]。另一研究[26]显示PFOS是胶州湾水生生物中最主要的PFASs, 含量为0.87~16.15 ng/g ww, 鱼类中PFOS的含量最高(6.39 ng/g ww), 其次是乌贼(2.01 ng/g ww)、虾(1.79 ng/g ww)、贝类(1.23 ng/g ww)和浮游植物(1.13 ng/g ww)。
本次调查研究中的鱼肉样品中, PFOA含量最大值30.30 ng/g ww出现在采集于营口的小黄鱼中, 最小值为4.02 ng/g ww是采集于庄河的高眼鲽鱼, 二者之间相差7.5倍。这种差异与物种差异和所在海域的污染情况密切相关, 这也体现了本次调查研究的必要性。
有研究[27]对渤海湾鱼类进行全氟化合物检测, 结果表明易于分配在生物的内脏器或肝脏内。本调查研究中, 表3的检测结果数据对比也表明了PFOS对于PFOA来说更容易在鱼类肝脏中累积。在鲬鱼卵中PFOS含量达到125.35 ng/g ww, 明显高于其肝脏中含量11.94 ng/g ww, 表明卵中PFOS的生物蓄积更高。
2.3 不同鱼种的PFCs生物富集风险分析
生物富集是指生物从环境介质(水、土壤、沉积物和大气等)和食物中摄取污染物, 使得生物体内污染物的含量超过环境介质中该污染物含量的过程[28-29]。污染物在生物体内的富集能力通常可以用生物浓缩因子(bioconcentration factor, BCF)或者生物富集因子(bioaccumlation factor, BAF)等参数来评估[28-29]。BAF是生物体内某污染物的浓度和水中该污染物浓度的比值。当计算某污染物的BAF值高于5000时, 该污染物被认为具有生物富集效应; 当BAF值在2000~5000时, 该污染物被认为具有潜在的生物富集效应[28,30]。
本研究调查的特色经济鱼类中对PFOA的生物富集因子从高到低依次为: 黑鮶鱼肝>黑鮶鱼>六线鱼>小黄鱼>高眼鲽鱼>鲬鱼卵>鲬鱼肝>鲈鱼肝>鲈鱼>鲬鱼, 对PFOS的生物富集因子从高到低依次为: 黑鮶鱼肝>鲬鱼卵>鲬鱼肝>鲈鱼肝。黑鮶鱼、六线鱼、小黄鱼对PFOA有较明显的富集作用, 黑鮶鱼肝、鲬鱼肝、卵对PFOS有较明显的富集作用。除了鱼种差异, 所在海域污染情况等因素, 喂食习惯, 生活习惯, 营养级层都会影响PFCs在这些海产品中的累积和分布情况[31-32]。
从表4的数据可以看出, 相对于鱼肉来说, PFCs更容易富集于鱼类的内脏中。一般鱼类内脏不会作为人类食用部分, 不构成饮食健康负担。但对于食用内脏的特殊人群来说, 这是需要引起注意的。
3 结论
收起
本次研究建立了海洋生物样品的前处理规范程序, 采用液相色谱-串联质谱法检测PFCs。通过对采集于旅顺、营口、锦州、庄河当地海域特色经济鱼类的检测, 发现这些海域经济鱼类中存在广泛的PFCs污染, 主要为PFOS和FPOA污染。黑鮶鱼、六线鱼、小黄鱼是所测试的这些海域特色经济鱼类中更易富集PFOS、PFOA类物质的鱼种, 具有潜在的生物富集效应。出于对人类长期的健康考虑, 针对这些特色经济鱼类中PFCs的检测工作应该持续开展, 对于PFOS及PFOA污染严重的地区应尽早采取防治措施, 持续进行这些污染物的监测及风险分析。
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240912002
  • 接收时间：2024-09-12
  • 首发时间：2025-07-19
  • 出版时间：2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期：2024-09-12
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    大连海关技术中心, 大连 116000

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* 齐欣(1984—), 女, 高级工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数
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Family		 属数
Number of
genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)		 属
Genus		 种数
Number of
species		 占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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