Article(id=1153986716386971761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240903003, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1725292800000, receivedDateStr=2024-09-03, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061473223, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1737734400000, pubDateStr=2025-01-25, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061473223, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061473223, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061473223, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986709126635984, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='2', pageStart='1', pageEnd='324', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061471492, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760345674980, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457117, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1184538872999457118, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986709126635984, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=46, endPage=51, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986717456519287, articleId=1153986716386971761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Evaluation of volatile aroma components in Jinzhuguo Pyrus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with odor activity value, columnId=1153986583259767470, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Special Topic: Food Quality Analysis and Evaluation, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To evaluate and determine the key volatile aroma components of Jinzhuguo Pyrus. Methods Head space-solid phase microextractio (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to separate and identify the volatile aroma components in the peel, pulp and juice of Jinzhuguo Pyrus. The odor activity value (OAV) was determined by combining the odor threshold to evaluate the contribution of various aroma components. Results The results indicated that the common key flavor compounds in the peel, pulp and juice of Jinzhuguo Pyrus were ethyl n-hexanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl octanoate and nonal. The unique key flavor compounds in the peel samples were hexyl butyrate (OAV 2.34), ethyl cromarate (OAV 1.93) and dammasone (OAV 675) in the peel, pulp and juice samples, respectively. The relative content of volatile aroma components in peel, pulp and juice was 88.19%, 76.46% and 39.94%, respectively. Conclusion The OAV of Jinzhuguo Pyrus juice is higher, while it is lower in pulp and peel, making them more suitable for making processed products.

, correspAuthors=Guo-Li XIE, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Guo-Li XIE, Yue MA, Qi-Guang CAO, Peng LU, Li-Nan XING, Hong-Mei CHEN, Ya-Peng SONG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986728600785201, articleId=1153986716386971761, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=气相色谱-质谱法结合气味活度值法评价金珠果梨挥发性香气成分, columnId=1153986583435928240, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=本期专题:食品品质分析与评价, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 确评价金珠果梨的关键挥发性香气成分。方法 采用顶空-固相微萃取(head space-solid phase microextraction, HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分离鉴定金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁中的挥发性香气成分, 结合香气阈值来确定其气味活度值(odor activity value, OAV), 以此评价各种香气成分的贡献。结果 金珠果梨果皮、果肉和果汁中共有的关键挥发性香气成分为正己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和壬醛。果皮、果肉、果汁样品中的特有的关键挥发性香气成分分别是丁酸己酯(OAV为2.34)、巴豆酸乙酯(OAV为1.93)、大马士酮(OAV为675)。金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁中具有挥发性香气成分相对含量分别为84.22%、76.46%、39.94%。结论 金珠果梨果汁OAV较高, 果肉与果皮则较低, 适合做加工产品。

, correspAuthors=谢国莉, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 谢国莉(1984—), 女, 讲师, 主要研究方向为分析检测。E-mail:
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Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2023, 14(12): 62-70., articleTitle=Difference analysis of key aroma compounds between Thai fragrant rice and common rice based on odor activity values, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1184566700717523217, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, awardId=CJGX2024-011-04, language=CN, fundingSource=北京电子科技职业学院教学创新团队建设支持项目(CJGX2024-011-04), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1184566697412411611, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566697420800220, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, companyId=1184566697412411611, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1184566697424994525, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, companyId=1184566697412411611, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京电子科技职业学院生物工程学院, 北京 100176)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1184566700067406091, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=EN, label=Fig.1, caption=Relative contents of main volatile aroma components in peel, pulp and juice, figureFileSmall=T5k+vPqbZtM//fS70TQ4og==, figureFileBig=dDnmBvC5fRY3806dpZ/4EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566700138709260, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=CN, label=图1, caption=果皮、果肉、果汁主要挥发性香气成分相对含量, figureFileSmall=T5k+vPqbZtM//fS70TQ4og==, figureFileBig=dDnmBvC5fRY3806dpZ/4EA==, tableContent=null), ArticleFig(id=1184566700205818125, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Analysis of volatile aroma of Jinzhuguo Pyrus peel, pulp and juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 保留时间/min 化学物
名称
英文名 分子式 阈值
/(µg/kg)
相对含量/%
果皮 果肉 果汁
酯类
1 2.43 乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate C4H8O2 5.00[9] - 0.44 0.61
2 5.96 丁酸乙酯 butanoic acid, ethyl ester C6H12O2 0.10[10] 8.04 25.73 6.99
3 7.60 巴豆酸乙酯 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline C6H10O2 0.50[11] - 0.97 -
4 9.61 戊酸乙酯 pentanoic acid, ethyl ester C7H14O2 94.00[12] - 0.09 -
5 14.07 正己酸乙酯 hexanoic acid, ethyl ester C8H16O2 0.50[13] 43.53 35.21 19.99
6 14.70 乙酸己酯 acetic acid, hexyl ester C8H16O2 40.00[13] 1.07 0.78 -
7 18.84 庚酸乙酯 heptanoic acid, ethyl ester C9H18O2 170.00[12] 1.41 0.77 0.23
8 19.55 醋酸辛酯 acetic acid, octyl ester C10H20O2 210.00[13] 0.81 - -
9 20.15 辛酸甲酯 octanoic acid, methyl ester C9H18O2 500.00[14] 0.19 - -
10 22.61 苯甲酸乙酯 benzoic acid, ethyl ester C9H10O2 300000.00[14] 0.49 0.91 0.58
11 23.53 丁酸己酯 butanoic acid, hexyl ester C10H20O2 0.10[10] 0.23 - -
12 23.71 辛酸乙酯 octanoic acid, ethyl ester C10H20O2 1.00[10] 17.85 7.39 2.17
13 25.80 苯乙酸乙酯 benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester C10H12O2 650.00[15] - - 0.34
14 30.73 己酸己脂 hexanoic acid, hexyl ester C12H22O2 10.00[16] 0.16 - -
15 43.14 棕榈酸甲酯 hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester C17H34O2 4000.00[17] - - 0.11
总计 73.80 72.28 31.01
醛类
1 7.83 叶醛 (E)-2-hexenal C6H10O 40.00[18] 6.47 1.48 5.51
2 7.89 己烯醛 2-hexenal C6H10O 150.00[19] 1.65 - -
3 16.41 苯乙醛 benzeneacetaldehyde C6H8O 4.00[20] - 0.84 0.45
4 17.06 反-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-octenal C8H14O 0.20[21] 0.05 - -
5 19.27 壬醛 nonanal C9H18O 1.00[22] 1.61 1.20 1.08
6 24.23 癸醛 decanal C10H20O 10000.00[20] 0.65 0.66 0.54
总计 10.43 4.18 7.58
酮类
1 13.49 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one C8H14O 50000.00[20] 0.64 - -
2 30.65 大马士酮 beta-damasenone C13H18O 0.002[15] - - 1.35
3 32.61 香叶基丙酮 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one C13H22O 60.00[22] 0.11 - -
总计 0.75 - 1.35
烯类
1 34.17 α-法尼烯 alpha-farnesene C153H24 160.00[23] 3.22 - -
总计 3.22 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1184566700306481422, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁挥发性香气分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 保留时间/min 化学物
名称
英文名 分子式 阈值
/(µg/kg)
相对含量/%
果皮 果肉 果汁
酯类
1 2.43 乙酸乙酯 ethyl acetate C4H8O2 5.00[9] - 0.44 0.61
2 5.96 丁酸乙酯 butanoic acid, ethyl ester C6H12O2 0.10[10] 8.04 25.73 6.99
3 7.60 巴豆酸乙酯 4,4-dimethyl-2-oxazoline C6H10O2 0.50[11] - 0.97 -
4 9.61 戊酸乙酯 pentanoic acid, ethyl ester C7H14O2 94.00[12] - 0.09 -
5 14.07 正己酸乙酯 hexanoic acid, ethyl ester C8H16O2 0.50[13] 43.53 35.21 19.99
6 14.70 乙酸己酯 acetic acid, hexyl ester C8H16O2 40.00[13] 1.07 0.78 -
7 18.84 庚酸乙酯 heptanoic acid, ethyl ester C9H18O2 170.00[12] 1.41 0.77 0.23
8 19.55 醋酸辛酯 acetic acid, octyl ester C10H20O2 210.00[13] 0.81 - -
9 20.15 辛酸甲酯 octanoic acid, methyl ester C9H18O2 500.00[14] 0.19 - -
10 22.61 苯甲酸乙酯 benzoic acid, ethyl ester C9H10O2 300000.00[14] 0.49 0.91 0.58
11 23.53 丁酸己酯 butanoic acid, hexyl ester C10H20O2 0.10[10] 0.23 - -
12 23.71 辛酸乙酯 octanoic acid, ethyl ester C10H20O2 1.00[10] 17.85 7.39 2.17
13 25.80 苯乙酸乙酯 benzeneacetic acid, ethyl ester C10H12O2 650.00[15] - - 0.34
14 30.73 己酸己脂 hexanoic acid, hexyl ester C12H22O2 10.00[16] 0.16 - -
15 43.14 棕榈酸甲酯 hexadecanoic acid, methyl ester C17H34O2 4000.00[17] - - 0.11
总计 73.80 72.28 31.01
醛类
1 7.83 叶醛 (E)-2-hexenal C6H10O 40.00[18] 6.47 1.48 5.51
2 7.89 己烯醛 2-hexenal C6H10O 150.00[19] 1.65 - -
3 16.41 苯乙醛 benzeneacetaldehyde C6H8O 4.00[20] - 0.84 0.45
4 17.06 反-2-辛烯醛 (E)-2-octenal C8H14O 0.20[21] 0.05 - -
5 19.27 壬醛 nonanal C9H18O 1.00[22] 1.61 1.20 1.08
6 24.23 癸醛 decanal C10H20O 10000.00[20] 0.65 0.66 0.54
总计 10.43 4.18 7.58
酮类
1 13.49 6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮 6-methyl-5-hepten-2-one C8H14O 50000.00[20] 0.64 - -
2 30.65 大马士酮 beta-damasenone C13H18O 0.002[15] - - 1.35
3 32.61 香叶基丙酮 6,10-dimethyl-5,9-undecadien-2-one C13H22O 60.00[22] 0.11 - -
总计 0.75 - 1.35
烯类
1 34.17 α-法尼烯 alpha-farnesene C153H24 160.00[23] 3.22 - -
总计 3.22 - -
), ArticleFig(id=1184566700411339023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Analysis of OVA of Jinzhuguo Pyrus peel, pulp and juice

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 果皮 OAV 果肉 OAV 果汁 OAV
关键风味化合物 正己酸乙酯 87.06 丁酸乙酯 250.73 大马士酮 675.00
丁酸乙酯 80.38 正己酸乙酯 70.42 丁酸乙酯 69.89
辛酸乙酯 17.85 辛酸乙酯 7.39 正己酸乙酯 39.98
丁酸己酯 2.34 巴豆酸乙酯 1.93 辛酸乙酯 2.17
壬醛 1.61 壬醛 1.20 壬醛 1.08
修饰性风味化合物 反-2-辛烯醛 0.24 苯乙醛 0.21 叶醛 0.14
叶醛 0.16 乙酸乙酯 0.12
苯乙醛 0.11
总计 189.64 331.88 788.49
潜在风味化合物 乙酸己酯 乙酸乙酯 庚酸乙酯
庚酸乙酯 戊酸乙酯 苯甲酸乙酯
醋酸辛酯 乙酸己酯 苯乙酸乙酯
辛酸甲酯 庚酸乙酯 棕榈酸甲酯
苯甲酸乙酯 苯甲酸乙酯 癸醛
己酸己酯 叶醛
己烯醛 癸醛
癸醛
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮
香叶基丙酮
α-法尼烯
), ArticleFig(id=1184566700516196624, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986716386971761, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁OAV分析

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
化合物 果皮 OAV 果肉 OAV 果汁 OAV
关键风味化合物 正己酸乙酯 87.06 丁酸乙酯 250.73 大马士酮 675.00
丁酸乙酯 80.38 正己酸乙酯 70.42 丁酸乙酯 69.89
辛酸乙酯 17.85 辛酸乙酯 7.39 正己酸乙酯 39.98
丁酸己酯 2.34 巴豆酸乙酯 1.93 辛酸乙酯 2.17
壬醛 1.61 壬醛 1.20 壬醛 1.08
修饰性风味化合物 反-2-辛烯醛 0.24 苯乙醛 0.21 叶醛 0.14
叶醛 0.16 乙酸乙酯 0.12
苯乙醛 0.11
总计 189.64 331.88 788.49
潜在风味化合物 乙酸己酯 乙酸乙酯 庚酸乙酯
庚酸乙酯 戊酸乙酯 苯甲酸乙酯
醋酸辛酯 乙酸己酯 苯乙酸乙酯
辛酸甲酯 庚酸乙酯 棕榈酸甲酯
苯甲酸乙酯 苯甲酸乙酯 癸醛
己酸己酯 叶醛
己烯醛 癸醛
癸醛
6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮
香叶基丙酮
α-法尼烯
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气相色谱-质谱法结合气味活度值法评价金珠果梨挥发性香气成分
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谢国莉 * , 马越 , 曹奇光 , 路鹏 , 邢丽楠 , 陈红梅 , 宋亚朋
食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025,16(2): 46-51
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 本期专题:食品品质分析与评价 2025, 16(2): 46-51
气相色谱-质谱法结合气味活度值法评价金珠果梨挥发性香气成分
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谢国莉* , 马越, 曹奇光, 路鹏, 邢丽楠, 陈红梅, 宋亚朋
作者信息
  • 北京电子科技职业学院生物工程学院, 北京 100176

通讯作者:

* 谢国莉(1984—), 女, 讲师, 主要研究方向为分析检测。E-mail:
Evaluation of volatile aroma components in Jinzhuguo Pyrus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with odor activity value
Guo-Li XIE* , Yue MA, Qi-Guang CAO, Peng LU, Li-Nan XING, Hong-Mei CHEN, Ya-Peng SONG
Affiliations
  • College of Bioengineering, Beijing Polytechnic, Beijing 100176, China
出版时间: 2025-01-25 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240903003
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目的 确评价金珠果梨的关键挥发性香气成分。方法 采用顶空-固相微萃取(head space-solid phase microextraction, HS-SPME)和气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)分离鉴定金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁中的挥发性香气成分, 结合香气阈值来确定其气味活度值(odor activity value, OAV), 以此评价各种香气成分的贡献。结果 金珠果梨果皮、果肉和果汁中共有的关键挥发性香气成分为正己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯和壬醛。果皮、果肉、果汁样品中的特有的关键挥发性香气成分分别是丁酸己酯(OAV为2.34)、巴豆酸乙酯(OAV为1.93)、大马士酮(OAV为675)。金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁中具有挥发性香气成分相对含量分别为84.22%、76.46%、39.94%。结论 金珠果梨果汁OAV较高, 果肉与果皮则较低, 适合做加工产品。

金珠果梨  /  气相色谱-质谱法  /  气味活度值  /  挥发性香气成分  /  关键风味化合物

Objective To evaluate and determine the key volatile aroma components of Jinzhuguo Pyrus. Methods Head space-solid phase microextractio (HS-SPME) and gas chromatography-mass spectrometry (GC-MS) were used to separate and identify the volatile aroma components in the peel, pulp and juice of Jinzhuguo Pyrus. The odor activity value (OAV) was determined by combining the odor threshold to evaluate the contribution of various aroma components. Results The results indicated that the common key flavor compounds in the peel, pulp and juice of Jinzhuguo Pyrus were ethyl n-hexanoate, ethyl butyrate, ethyl octanoate and nonal. The unique key flavor compounds in the peel samples were hexyl butyrate (OAV 2.34), ethyl cromarate (OAV 1.93) and dammasone (OAV 675) in the peel, pulp and juice samples, respectively. The relative content of volatile aroma components in peel, pulp and juice was 88.19%, 76.46% and 39.94%, respectively. Conclusion The OAV of Jinzhuguo Pyrus juice is higher, while it is lower in pulp and peel, making them more suitable for making processed products.

Jinzhuguo Pyrus  /  gas chromatography-mass spectrometry  /  odor activity value  /  volatile aroma components  /  key flavor compounds
谢国莉, 马越, 曹奇光, 路鹏, 邢丽楠, 陈红梅, 宋亚朋. 气相色谱-质谱法结合气味活度值法评价金珠果梨挥发性香气成分. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (2) : 46 -51 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240903003
Guo-Li XIE, Yue MA, Qi-Guang CAO, Peng LU, Li-Nan XING, Hong-Mei CHEN, Ya-Peng SONG. Evaluation of volatile aroma components in Jinzhuguo Pyrus by gas chromatography-mass spectrometry combined with odor activity value[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (2) : 46 -51 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240903003
金珠果梨是在1984年从豫西100多种野生砂梨中选优后嫁接培育而成的新品种, 口味酥脆细腻, 浓甜而微酸, 多汁, 其果肉风味独特, 富含山楂、山樱桃、山欧李等多种野果的香气[1]。在河南洛宁县得到规模发展, 种植面积近3万亩, 年产量高达1000万kg。但目前鲜少有对金珠果梨这一品种香气成分的系统研究。
近年来, 国内外学者对不同品种梨的香气成分进行了大量研究, 这些研究大部分以挥发性成分在食品挥发性气体体系中的百分含量来分析, 但目前的一些研究显示挥发性成分的百分含量与食品风味特征并无直接关系[2]。人体嗅觉对不同香气成分的感知差别较大, 不同挥发性香气的香味阈值也是各不相同, 因此是物质的浓度与感觉阈值两者共同决定的了挥发性风味化合物对食品风味的贡献[3]。香气物质浓度高不能决定食品风味特征, 还应该结合其香味阈值进行分析。
鉴于上述研究背景与不足, 本研究采用气相色谱-质谱法(gas chromatography-mass spectrometry, GC-MS)检测金珠果梨果皮、汁、肉中的挥发性香气成分, 利用色谱图与质谱库进行香气成分鉴定, 采用气味活度值法(odor activity value, OAV)评价金珠果梨的香气特征, 确定其关键挥发性风味化合物, 对于金珠果梨深加工, 为洛宁农村产业结构调整和增加果农收入, 助力脱贫攻坚有重要意义。
金珠果梨, 产自河南省洛宁县; 氯化钠(分析纯, 国药集团化学试剂有限公司)。
CP214奥豪斯万分之一电子分析天平(奥豪斯仪器有限公司); 7890A/5975C气相-质谱联用仪(美国Agilent公司); 601超级恒温水浴锅(江苏省金坛市医疗仪器厂); DB-5MS色谱柱(30 m×0.25 mm, 0.25 μm, 美国安捷伦公司); 固相微萃取装置及50/30 μM DVB/CAR/PDMS萃取头(美国Supelco公司)。
(1)金珠果梨果皮香气成分提取
挑选果皮完整、无划痕、无凹陷, 洁净的金珠果梨, 使用医用刀片将金珠果梨的果皮削离, 用定性滤纸将削下果皮的果汁吸干, 称取0.50 g金珠果梨果皮样品, 均匀放置在规格为50 mL的顶空萃取瓶中, 温度45 ℃的条件下保持45 min后, 插入固相微萃取针, 推出萃取头, 萃取头距离页面1.5 cm, 萃取30 min后, 收回萃取头, 再插入气相手动进样口, 解析5 min[4]
(2)金珠果梨果肉香气成分提取
挑选果皮完整、无划痕、无凹陷, 洁净的金珠果梨, 准确称量10.00 g金珠果梨果肉, 将果肉置于研钵中, 加入1.00 g NaCl混合研磨均匀后, 后续萃取过程同果皮。
(3)金珠果梨果汁香气成分提取
挑选果皮完整、无划痕、无凹陷, 洁净的金珠果梨, 去除果梗、果蒂、果核、果皮, 果肉组织破碎打浆后搅拌至均匀, 用70目尼龙滤布过滤, 取10 mL果汁, 加入1 g NaCl混合研磨均匀后, 后续萃取过程同果皮。
色谱柱DB-5MS (30 m×250 μm, 0.25 μm); 进样口温度: 250 ℃; 升温程序以50 ℃保持1 min, 以3 ℃/min升到110 ℃, 保持1 min, 以5 ℃/min升到180 ℃, 保持1 min, 以8 ℃/min升到250 ℃, 保持1 min; 载气: 高纯He; 柱温50 ℃; 气体流量1.0 mL/min。
质谱四极杆温度150 ℃; 离子源温度230 ℃; 离子源: 电子电离; 电子能量: 70 eV; 扫描范围: 35~500 amu[5]
将扫描所得图谱与NIST08.L谱库进行对照鉴定, 并用气相色谱峰面积归一化定量计算出各香气成分在所测样品中的相对含量。为了确定样品的关键风味化合物, 参考吴林等[6]的方法, 本研究只分析香气成分中匹配度大于60%并且有挥发性香气组分。
参考文献获得香气成分的阈值, 参考SWIEGERS等[7]的方法计算OAV, 参考陈芝飞等[8]的香气评价方法, OAV<0.1为潜在风味化合物; 0.1<OAV<1.0为修饰性风味化合物; OAV>1.0为关键风味化合物, OAV值大小与香气成分的贡献度呈正比。
使用Microsoft Excel 2016对原始数据进行整合计算及作图。
经气相色谱-质谱仪确定金珠果梨挥发性香气如表1所示。本研究在于确定金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁的关键风味化合物, 故对检测出的无香味挥发性化合物不做分析。
在金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁3个样品中共鉴定出25种具有香味的挥发性成分, 其中酯类15种、醛类6种、酮类3种、烯类1种。酯类化合物占据了主导地位, 这与许多水果香气成分以酯类为主的特点相吻合。酯类物质通常赋予水果以花香和果香, 对水果的整体香气贡献显著。果皮、果肉、果汁样品中共同含有8种香气成分, 酯类物质5种, 分别是丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯; 醛类物质3种, 分别是叶醛、壬醛和癸醛。
金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁分别检测出18种、13种、13种香气成分, 以酯类和醛类物质为主。大多数酯类具有花、果香气, 金珠果梨果皮中检测出的酯类物质中, 庚酸乙酯具有菠萝香气, 苯甲酸乙酯具有略似依兰油香气; 辛酸乙酯具有白兰地酒香味。果皮香气成分种类及含量均为最高, 相对含量较高的是正己酸乙酯(43.53%)、辛酸乙酯(17.85%)、丁酸乙酯(8.04%)、叶醛(6.47%)。果肉中含量较高的是正己酸乙酯(35.21%)、丁酸乙酯(25.73%)、辛酸乙酯(7.39%)。果汁香气成分含量最低, 含量较高是正己酸乙酯(19.99%)、丁酸乙酯(6.99%)、叶醛(5.51%)。挥发物的相互作用在果实香气形成中起着关键作用。果皮、果肉、果汁主要挥发性香气成分相对含量见图1
经对比分析, 金珠果梨香气成分中以酯类物质最多, 3种样品香气成分的种类以果皮中最多, 在果皮样品中, 香气成分共18种, 其中果皮特有的香气成分有9种, 分别是醋酸辛酯、辛酸甲酯、丁酸己酯、己酸己脂、己烯醛、反-2-辛烯醛、6-甲基-5-庚烯-2-酮、香叶基丙酮、α-法尼烯。果肉样品香气成分相对含量76.46%, 虽然与果皮香气成分相对含量84.22%差异不大, 但果肉香气成分却只有13种, 其中果肉特有的香气成分仅有2种, 巴豆酸乙酯和戊酸乙酯。果汁样品中的香气成分相对含量远远低于果皮和果肉, 仅39.94%, 在果汁的13种香气成分中有3种特有香气成分, 苯乙酸乙酯、棕榈酸甲酯和大马士酮。在果汁制备过程中, 部分香气成分可能因加工方式如压榨、过滤等而损失。
用挥发性香气成分的百分含量结合该物质香气阈值分析金珠果梨梨皮、梨肉、梨汁3种样品的OAV, 分析结果见表2
3个样品的总OAV排序如下: 金珠果梨果汁>金珠果梨果肉>金珠果梨果皮。这与仅根据香气成分相对含量的比较结果不一致, 主要是由于物质香气阈值差异较大。如表1所示在果汁样品中正己酸乙酯的相对含量最高为19.99%, 其香气阈值为0.50 µg/kg, 计算得出OAV值为39.98。果汁样品中大马士酮的相对含量仅为1.35%, 其香气阈值为0.002 µg/kg, 计算得出OAV值为675.00, 比较可得, 果汁样品中相对含量较低的大马士酮其OAV远远大于相对含量高的正己酸乙酯。大马士酮对金珠果梨果汁样品OAV的贡献最大。尽管正己酸乙酯的相对含量最高, 但由于其香气阈值也相对较高, 因此其OAV值并不突出。相反, 大马士酮虽然相对含量较低, 但其极低的香气阈值使得其OAV值远高于其他成分, 成为果汁样品中对OAV贡献最大的关键风味化合物。这一结果说明了低浓度但低阈值化合物在食品风味中可能起到重要作用。对比吴林等[6]对于蓝莓OAV的研究, 金珠果梨的关键风味化合物OAV高于蓝莓。利用OAV分析得出的关键性风味化合物, 已经广泛应用于葡萄[24]、牦牛肉[25]、红油辣椒[26]、茶叶[27]、橘红花[28]、橄榄菜[29]、香米[30]等香气研究。
金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁均含有5种关键风味化合物, 果皮中为正己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸己酯、壬醛; 果肉中为丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、巴豆酸乙酯、壬醛; 果汁中为大马士酮、丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、壬醛。由此可见, 3种样品中的关键风味化合物均以酯类为主, 正己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、壬醛这4种香气成分是金珠果梨的主体香气成分。果皮样品中的特有的关键风味化合物是丁酸己酯, 果肉特有的关键风味化合物是巴豆酸乙酯, 果汁样品中特有关键风味化合物是大马士酮。这些特有成分不仅丰富了金珠果梨的香气层次, 还成为区分不同部位(果皮、果肉、果汁)的典型性香气标志。
果皮、果肉、果汁修饰性香气成分以醛类为主, 各不相同, 果皮中为反-2-辛烯醛和叶醛; 果肉中为苯乙醛; 果汁中修饰性风味化合物分别是叶醛、乙酸乙酯和苯乙醛。果皮样品中含有11种潜在风味化合物, 果肉样品中含有7种潜在风味化合物, 果汁样品中含有5种潜在风味化合物。
本研究采用GC-MS分析技术对金珠果梨的果皮、果肉及果汁的香气成分进行分析, 结合NIST08.L质谱库与色谱图进行对照鉴定, 结果表明: 金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁3种样品中共鉴定出25种香气成分, 主要挥发性香气成分为酯类、醛类、酮类、烯类化合物。3种样品中均含有的香气物质有丁酸乙酯、正己酸乙酯、庚酸乙酯、苯甲酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、叶醛、壬醛和癸醛, 其中正己酸乙酯相对含量最高。金珠果梨果皮、果肉、果汁中具有挥发性香气成分相对含量分别为84.22%、76.46%、39.94%。
运用OAV法分析的结果表明: 3种样品中含有的关键风味化合物包括正己酸乙酯、丁酸乙酯、辛酸乙酯、丁酸己酯、壬醛、巴豆酸乙酯、大马士酮, 其中大马士酮的相对百分含量虽然较低, 但其OAV高, 对果汁样品香气贡献显著, 使果汁整体OAV高于果皮和果肉, 适合做加工产品。果皮、果肉和果汁样品中的修饰性风味化合物和潜在风味化合物对金珠果梨的整体香气起到了调和修饰作用。通过明确金珠果梨的关键风味成分, 可以指导金珠果梨的种植、采摘、储存和加工过程, 从而优化产品质量, 提高市场竞争力。此外, 了解金珠果梨的风味特征有助于开发新的加工产品, 如果汁、果酱、果酒等, 丰富市场供应, 满足消费者多样化的需求。
  • 北京电子科技职业学院教学创新团队建设支持项目(CJGX2024-011-04)
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240903003
  • 接收时间:2024-09-03
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-01-25
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  • 收稿日期:2024-09-03
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北京电子科技职业学院教学创新团队建设支持项目(CJGX2024-011-04)
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    北京电子科技职业学院生物工程学院, 北京 100176

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* 谢国莉(1984—), 女, 讲师, 主要研究方向为分析检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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