Article(id=1153986645872337433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240828002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724774400000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-28, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1753061456411, onlineDateStr=2025-07-21, pubDate=1739548800000, pubDateStr=2025-02-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1753061456411, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-21, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1753061456411, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1753061456411, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153986642063905290, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='3', pageStart='1', pageEnd='316', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1753061455502, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1760070725729, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968023, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1183385652272968024, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153986642063905290, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=235, endPage=240, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153986646467928605, articleId=1153986645872337433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To establish a method for determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The sample was extracted by methanol ultrasound, the extract was centrifuged, filtered through a microporous membrane, and analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by using 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase, and quantified by external standard method. Results The 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.5-100.0 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficient values (r2) being higher than 0.999. The limits of quantification were found to be 5 mg/kg. The recoveries at 3 spiked levels of 1, 2 and 10 times the limits of quantification in blank matrix were in the range of 87.32%-93.92%, with the relative standard deviations between 1.19%-4.08%. A total of 8 batches of positive samples were detected using this method, with a content range of 218-2170 mg/kg. Conclusion The method is convenient, accurate and efficient. It can meet the identification requirement of illegally added 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages, and provide effective technical support to combat the illegal addition of new carbadenafil analogue in food.

, correspAuthors=Xiao-Long FAN, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Wan-Qin WU, Feng JIANG, Song-Song ZHU, Jin-Tao XIA, Xiao-Long FAN, Ya-Zhen ZHANG, Zhi HAN, Li ZHANG, Meng FENG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153986668806791267, articleId=1153986645872337433, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物的方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取, 提取液离心、过微孔滤膜后上机分析。采用Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离, 以20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 外标法定量测定。结果 在0.5~100.0 μg/mL的范围内2种新型卡巴地那非类似物线性关系良好(r2>0.999), 定量限均为5 mg/kg。2种新型卡巴地那非类似物于1、2、10倍定量限3个水平下的平均回收率范围为87.32%~93.92%, 相对标准偏差为1.19%~4.08%。采用该方法共检出8批次阳性样品, 含量范围为218~2170 mg/kg。结论 该方法操作简便, 准确可靠, 满足压片糖果和固体饮料中非法添加2种新型卡巴地那非类似物的含量测定, 为打击食品中非法添加新型那非类物质提供可行的技术手段。

, correspAuthors=范小龙, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 范小龙(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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吴婉琴(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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吴婉琴(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

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China Food Safety Magazine, 2024(29): 137-139., articleTitle=Research on rapid detection technology for illegal additives in food, refAbstract=null)], funds=[Fund(id=1183428236819185933, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, awardId=2024MK085, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2024MK085), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428236890489102, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, awardId=QNBJ202330, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监督管理总局科技创新人才计划(青年拔尖人才)项目(QNBJ202330), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428236949209359, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, awardId=2023YFF1104700, language=CN, fundingSource=国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700), fundOrder=null, country=null), Fund(id=1183428237012123920, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, awardId=2022MK085, language=CN, fundingSource=国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK085), fundOrder=null, country=null)], companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1183428231744077919, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1183428231752466528, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, companyId=1183428231744077919, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=1. 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Gradient elution program of mobile phase

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 0.70 50 50
8 0.70 50 50
25 0.70 90 10
30 0.70 90 10
32 0.70 50 50
40 0.70 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1183428236278120708, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

流动相梯度洗脱程序

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
时间/min 流速/(mL/min) 流动相A/% 流动相B/%
0 0.70 50 50
8 0.70 50 50
25 0.70 90 10
30 0.70 90 10
32 0.70 50 50
40 0.70 50 50
), ArticleFig(id=1183428236349423878, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Standard recoveries and relative standard deviations of propyloxydecarbonized carbafenafil and phenylpropyl carbafenafil (n=6)

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化合物 添加量/(mg/kg) 压片糖果 固体饮料
回收率/% 相对标准偏差/% 回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非 5 90.33 3.14 89.84 2.21
10 93.13 2.47 92.44 3.49
50 89.25 1.76 87.32 1.19
苯丙代卡巴地那非 5 88.60 4.08 91.74 2.71
10 91.08 2.27 93.92 1.88
50 92.14 2.40 89.85 2.49
), ArticleFig(id=1183428236445892872, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非的加标回收率和相对标准偏差(n=6)

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化合物 添加量/(mg/kg) 压片糖果 固体饮料
回收率/% 相对标准偏差/% 回收率/% 相对标准偏差/%
丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非 5 90.33 3.14 89.84 2.21
10 93.13 2.47 92.44 3.49
50 89.25 1.76 87.32 1.19
苯丙代卡巴地那非 5 88.60 4.08 91.74 2.71
10 91.08 2.27 93.92 1.88
50 92.14 2.40 89.85 2.49
), ArticleFig(id=1183428236525584650, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection results of the sample content

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序号 样品类型 样品名称 批号 苯丙代卡巴地那非含量/(mg/kg) 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非/(mg/kg)
1 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20200419 268 未检出
2 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210512 220 未检出
3 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡味固体饮料 20210606 218 279
4 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210401 880 未检出
5 固体饮料 某品牌多肽咖啡 20210713 1051 未检出
6 固体饮料 某品牌多肽咖啡 20210105 1309 未检出
7 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210702 未检出 未检出
8 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210910 未检出 未检出
9 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210810 未检出 未检出
10 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固态饮料 20211004 未检出 未检出
11 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡固体饮料 20210921 未检出 未检出
12 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210520 未检出 未检出
13 固体饮料 某品牌固体饮料 20211110 未检出 未检出
14 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211027 未检出 未检出
15 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20210910 未检出 未检出
16 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211023 未检出 未检出
17 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211016 未检出 未检出
18 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211027 未检出 未检出
19 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210808 未检出 未检出
20 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20210910 未检出 未检出
21 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡即溶咖啡饮品 20210902 未检出 未检出
22 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡固体饮料 20210712 未检出 未检出
23 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210903 未检出 未检出
24 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡即溶咖啡饮料 20211024 未检出 未检出
25 压片糖果 某品牌鹿鞭肽压片糖果 20211009 2170 未检出
26 压片糖果 某品牌蛹虫草压片糖果 20210414 1240 未检出
27 压片糖果 某品牌鹿鞭片 20220222 未检出 未检出
28 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220103 未检出 未检出
29 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220222 未检出 未检出
30 压片糖果 某品牌牡蛎片 20220222 未检出 未检出
31 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220319 未检出 未检出
32 压片糖果 某品牌牡蛎片 20220416 未检出 未检出
), ArticleFig(id=1183428236630442252, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153986645872337433, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

样品检出含量情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
序号 样品类型 样品名称 批号 苯丙代卡巴地那非含量/(mg/kg) 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非/(mg/kg)
1 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20200419 268 未检出
2 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210512 220 未检出
3 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡味固体饮料 20210606 218 279
4 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210401 880 未检出
5 固体饮料 某品牌多肽咖啡 20210713 1051 未检出
6 固体饮料 某品牌多肽咖啡 20210105 1309 未检出
7 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210702 未检出 未检出
8 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210910 未检出 未检出
9 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210810 未检出 未检出
10 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固态饮料 20211004 未检出 未检出
11 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡固体饮料 20210921 未检出 未检出
12 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210520 未检出 未检出
13 固体饮料 某品牌固体饮料 20211110 未检出 未检出
14 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211027 未检出 未检出
15 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20210910 未检出 未检出
16 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211023 未检出 未检出
17 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211016 未检出 未检出
18 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20211027 未检出 未检出
19 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡 20210808 未检出 未检出
20 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡固体饮料 20210910 未检出 未检出
21 固体饮料 某品牌咖啡即溶咖啡饮品 20210902 未检出 未检出
22 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡固体饮料 20210712 未检出 未检出
23 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡 20210903 未检出 未检出
24 固体饮料 某品牌能量咖啡即溶咖啡饮料 20211024 未检出 未检出
25 压片糖果 某品牌鹿鞭肽压片糖果 20211009 2170 未检出
26 压片糖果 某品牌蛹虫草压片糖果 20210414 1240 未检出
27 压片糖果 某品牌鹿鞭片 20220222 未检出 未检出
28 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220103 未检出 未检出
29 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220222 未检出 未检出
30 压片糖果 某品牌牡蛎片 20220222 未检出 未检出
31 压片糖果 某品牌多肽片 20220319 未检出 未检出
32 压片糖果 某品牌牡蛎片 20220416 未检出 未检出
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高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物
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吴婉琴 1, 2, 3 , 江丰 1, 2, 3 , 朱松松 1, 2, 3 , 夏金涛 1, 2, 3 , 范小龙 1, 2, 3, * , 张亚珍 1, 2, 3 , 韩智 1, 2, 3 , 张莉 1, 2, 3 , 冯猛 4
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(3): 235-240
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(3): 235-240
高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物
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吴婉琴1, 2, 3 , 江丰1, 2, 3, 朱松松1, 2, 3, 夏金涛1, 2, 3, 范小龙1, 2, 3, * , 张亚珍1, 2, 3, 韩智1, 2, 3, 张莉1, 2, 3, 冯猛4
作者信息
  • 1.湖北省食品质量安全监督检验研究院, 武汉 430075
  • 2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(动物源性食品中重点化学危害物检测技术), 武汉 430075
  • 3.湖北时珍实验室, 武汉 430065
  • 4.沃特世科技(上海)有限公司, 上海 201206
  • 吴婉琴(1991—), 女, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 范小龙(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
Determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography
Wan-Qin WU1, 2, 3 , Feng JIANG1, 2, 3, Song-Song ZHU1, 2, 3, Jin-Tao XIA1, 2, 3, Xiao-Long FAN1, 2, 3, * , Ya-Zhen ZHANG1, 2, 3, Zhi HAN1, 2, 3, Li ZHANG1, 2, 3, Meng FENG4
Affiliations
  • 1. Hubei Provincial Institute for Food Supervision and Test, Wuhan 430075, China
  • 2. Key Laboratory of Detection Technology of Focus Chemical Hazards in Animal-derived Food, State Administration for Market Regulation, Wuhan 430075, China
  • 3. Hubei Shizhen Laboratory, Wuhan 430065, China
  • 4. Waters Corporation, Shanghai 201206, China
出版时间: 2025-02-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240828002
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目的 建立高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物的方法。方法 样品经甲醇超声提取, 提取液离心、过微孔滤膜后上机分析。采用Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)分离, 以20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液和甲醇为流动相进行梯度洗脱, 外标法定量测定。结果 在0.5~100.0 μg/mL的范围内2种新型卡巴地那非类似物线性关系良好(r2>0.999), 定量限均为5 mg/kg。2种新型卡巴地那非类似物于1、2、10倍定量限3个水平下的平均回收率范围为87.32%~93.92%, 相对标准偏差为1.19%~4.08%。采用该方法共检出8批次阳性样品, 含量范围为218~2170 mg/kg。结论 该方法操作简便, 准确可靠, 满足压片糖果和固体饮料中非法添加2种新型卡巴地那非类似物的含量测定, 为打击食品中非法添加新型那非类物质提供可行的技术手段。

高效液相色谱法  /  卡巴地那非类似物  /  压片糖果  /  固体饮料  /  非法添加

Objective To establish a method for determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography. Methods The sample was extracted by methanol ultrasound, the extract was centrifuged, filtered through a microporous membrane, and analyzed by the high performance liquid chromatography. The separation was performed on a Waters Xbridge C18 column (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm) with gradient elution by using 20 mmol/L ammonium acetate aqueous solution and methanol as the mobile phase, and quantified by external standard method. Results The 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue demonstrated good linearity in the range of 0.5-100.0 μg/mL, with the correlation coefficient values (r2) being higher than 0.999. The limits of quantification were found to be 5 mg/kg. The recoveries at 3 spiked levels of 1, 2 and 10 times the limits of quantification in blank matrix were in the range of 87.32%-93.92%, with the relative standard deviations between 1.19%-4.08%. A total of 8 batches of positive samples were detected using this method, with a content range of 218-2170 mg/kg. Conclusion The method is convenient, accurate and efficient. It can meet the identification requirement of illegally added 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages, and provide effective technical support to combat the illegal addition of new carbadenafil analogue in food.

high performance liquid chromatography  /  carbadenafil analogue  /  tablet candies  /  solid beverages  /  illegal additions
吴婉琴, 江丰, 朱松松, 夏金涛, 范小龙, 张亚珍, 韩智, 张莉, 冯猛. 高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体饮料中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (3) : 235 -240 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240828002
Wan-Qin WU, Feng JIANG, Song-Song ZHU, Jin-Tao XIA, Xiao-Long FAN, Ya-Zhen ZHANG, Zhi HAN, Li ZHANG, Meng FENG. Determination of 2 kinds of new carbadenafil analogue in tablet candies and solid beverages by high performance liquid chromatography[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (3) : 235 -240 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240828002
选择性的5型磷酸二酯酶(type 5 phosphodiesterase, PDE5)抑制剂包括西地那非、他达拉非、伐地那非等, 主要用于治疗男性勃起功能障碍[1-2](erectile dysfunction, ED)。对这些结构母核进行修饰可得到数量众多的衍生物, 因此明示或暗示有补肾壮阳功效的保健食品[3-7]、中成药[8-9]和普通食品[10-14]中非法添加PDE 5抑制剂的事例屡见不鲜。据相关报道表明, PDE5这类抑制剂在诱导蛋白质的结构变化[15]的过程中有可能给消费者, 尤其是身体虚弱和心血管疾病患者带来难以估量的潜在健康风险[16], 并且PDE-5抑制剂服用不当会产生休克、晕厥、心肌缺血等后果, 尤其对身体虚弱者和心血管疾病患者引起心脏骤停的风险升高。
随着国家市场监管总局颁布补充检验方法BJS 201805《食品中那非类物质的测定》和近年来监管执法力度的不断加强, 常规的那非类非法添加物已逐渐被不法分子淘汰。取而代之的是添加一些现有药物的合成类似物或衍生物以逃避国家监管。近年来, 一些新型那非类物质的非法添加被广泛报道。黄朝辉等[17]采用液相色谱法在保健食品中检出3,5-二甲基哌嗪基二硫代去甲卡地那非。夏佳等[18]采用液相色谱法在保健食品中检出二乙氨基前他达拉非。王悦等[19]采用高效液相色谱-串联质谱仪和杨丽蓉等[20]采用高效液相色谱仪分别构建了新型非法添加物3-羟基丙基去甲他达拉非的分析方法。王子龙等[21]在中成药中首次检出N-苄基他达拉非。吴燕等[22]建立了新型那非丙氧苯基硫代羟基豪莫西地那非的检测方法。SUN等[23]在食品中发现并鉴定了一种新型伐地那非类似物。夏金涛等[24-25]、XIA等[26]采用超高效液相色谱-四极杆-飞行时间质谱(ultra performance liquid chromatography coupled with quadrupole- time of flight mass spectrometry, UPLC-Q-TOF-MS)非靶向筛查技术在固体饮料和压片糖果中检出对氧代伪伐地那非、O-丙基伐地那非等新型未知那非类衍生物。如本研究测定的苯丙代卡巴地那非和丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非, 是由卡巴地那非进行化学结构修饰得到的新物质, 不在BJS 201805所含的90种那非类物质之内, 为满足监管的实际需求, 有必要开发这2种新型那非类物质的检测方法。
截至目前, 食品基质中那非类物质的测定方法主要是基于高效液相色谱-串联质谱法, 此外, 鉴于非法添加违法技术的日益隐蔽, 检测监管技术也在快速跟进创新。胡家勇等[27]报道了基于一种表面增强拉曼光谱法对保健品中的非法添加进行定性定量检测的方法。朱松松等[28]采用异核单量子相干实验实现对西地那非类物质的快速筛查鉴定。其中表面增强拉曼光谱法对目标化合物的检测在复杂基质中可能受到干扰, 需要结合其他技术进行综合分析[29], 而核磁共振波谱法对化合物分离能力有限, 存在操作烦琐、耗时冗长等问题。液相色谱-串联质谱法检测灵敏度高, 在筛查非法添加那非类物质具有明显优势, 但根据前期实验室收集的阳性样品检测得知, 阳性样品中那非类物质添加量往往很高, 因此用质谱法测定时需要稀释数万倍甚至百万倍, 若稀释倍数不当直接进行质谱测试, 则会污染质谱仪[30]; 液相色谱仪通过紫外灯检测器检测, 灵敏度较低, 但在准确定量方面比质谱更具有优势, 所以初步筛查应选择液相色谱串联质谱仪, 准确定量则应选择液相色谱仪。因此本研究选择了液相色谱法测定食品中2种新型卡巴地那非类似物苯丙代卡巴地那非和丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非的添加量, 通过对实验条件的优化, 建立了适合在国内各检测实验室推广采用的检测方法, 为打击食品中非法添加行为提供技术支撑, 可有效提升监管办案时效性。
标准品: 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非(分子式: C23H32N6O3, CAS登记号: 2711006-62-9, 纯度≥98%, 本实验室自制标准样品); 苯丙代卡巴地那非(分子式: C29H34N6O3, CAS登记号: 2711006-61-8, 纯度≥98%, 本实验室自制标准样品)。上述2种化合物标准品样品已通过全国标准样品技术委员会验收, 标准品研制过程及纯度均符合要求。
甲醇(色谱纯, 德国Merck公司); 乙酸铵(色谱纯, 美国Thermo Fisher Scientific公司); 超纯水(电阻率为18.2 MΩ·cm, 25 ℃, 美国Millipore公司)。
Waters e2695高效液相色谱仪(配备Waters 2998光电二极管阵列检测器)、Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(250 mm× 4.6 mm, 5 μm)(美国Waters公司); Allegra X-15R型离心机(美国Beckman公司); FSJ-A03D1粉碎机(小熊电器股份有限公司); SB-800DT超声波清洗仪(宁波新芝生物科技股份有限公司); 945605涡旋混合器(美国TALBOYS公司); XS204电子天平(感量: 0.0001 g, 瑞士Mettler Toledo公司); 0.45 μm有机系滤膜(天津津腾公司)。
压片糖果和固体饮料样品均购自于电商平台, 采集的压片糖果样品粉碎处理后混匀, 采集的固体饮料样品混匀, 置于密封袋中, 于4 ℃冷藏保存, 待检测。
标准储备液: 精密称取丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非标准品各10.0 mg, 置于10 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成质量浓度为1 mg/mL的标准储备液, -18 ℃冷冻避光保存。
标准工作溶液: 准确移取1.0 mL标准储备液, 置于10 mL容量瓶中, 用甲醇溶解并稀释至刻度, 摇匀, 配制成质量浓度为100 μg/mL的标准中间液, 4 ℃冷藏避光保存。
根据实验需要采用甲醇逐级稀释成标准系列工作溶液, 现用现配。
称取约1 g(精确至0.01 g)试样, 置于50 mL离心管中, 准确加入10 mL甲醇, 涡旋1 min混匀后, 于超声波清洗仪超声15 min, 4000 r/min离心5 min, 取上清液经0.45 µm有机系滤膜过滤后, 取续滤液(依测定情况稀释相应倍数)供高效液相色谱仪测定。
色谱柱: Waters Xbridge C18色谱柱(250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)或性能相当者; 流动相A: 甲醇; 流动相B: 20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液, 梯度见表1; 柱温: 35 ℃; 进样量: 10 μL; 检测波长: 230 nm。
采用Waters Empower 3色谱数据处理软件对样品中所含目标化合物进行定性定量分析, 各平行样间数据分析采用Microsoft Excel 2013进行计算。
本研究比较了Waters XBridge C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)和Athena ZSJ-C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)液相色谱柱对2种化合物的分离效果, 在同样条件下, 目标化合物在Waters XBridge C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱上分离度更好、灵敏度更优、峰形更尖锐, 目标化合物高效液相色谱图及紫外吸收光谱图见图1图2。因此本研究选用Waters XBridge C18 (250 mm×4.6 mm, 5 μm)色谱柱作为分离色谱柱。
本研究比较了甲醇-纯水和甲醇-20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液2种流动相体系分离效果。采用甲醇-纯水作为流动相时, 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非有一定程度拖尾; 采用甲醇-20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液时2种目标化合物均有良好的分离度和峰形。因此本研究选择甲醇-20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液作为流动相。2种化合物高效液相色谱图及紫外吸收光谱图见图1图2
确定流动相体系后, 进一步考察了流动相不同比例对目标物的分离效果影响, 等度洗脱考察了甲醇:20 mmol/L乙酸铵水溶液(70:30、60:40及50:50, V:V), 结果发现甲醇比例较高时, 样品中部分杂质会对目标化合物产生干扰, 影响目标化合物的分离及积分, 当甲醇比例较低时, 样品中目标化合物出峰时间较晚需要的分析时间较长。故为保证色谱分析的分离度及分析时间, 考虑采用梯度洗脱对目标化合物进行分析, 具体流动相梯度程序见表1
特异性是指用某种分析方法测定某组分时, 能够避免样品中其他共存组分干扰的能力。实验室可采用分析一定数量的代表性空白样品, 观察在目标分析物出现的区域色谱出峰情况, 确定是否存在干扰。常用的空白样品有: 试剂空白、样品空白, 本研究对上述2种空白样品进行检测, 结果显示上述2种空白样品对目标物保留时间范围内和对目标物定性均不存在干扰, 具体见图3图4
配制系列的混合标准溶液, 采用外标法定量, 以丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非峰面积比为纵坐标Y, 以丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非质量浓度(μg/mL)为横坐标X, 绘制标准曲线。得到丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非线性回归方程为Y=38712X+3363, 相关系数r2为0.99993, 苯丙代卡巴地那非线性回归方程为Y=63697X-3037, 相关系数r2为0.9998, 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非在0.5~100.0 μg/mL范围内线性关系良好。采用空白样品加标实验确定检出限和定量限, 根据检出限大于等于3倍信噪比, 定量限大于等于10倍信噪比计算, 得出丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非的方法检出限均为2 mg/kg, 方法定量限均为5 mg/kg。
在确定的试验条件下, 分别取压片糖果和固体饮料2种空白基质, 分别于1倍定量限、2倍定量限、10倍定量限3个水平进行加标试验, 使其折合成丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非含量水平分别为5、10、50 mg/kg, 每个添加水平重复6次, 测定加标回收率和精密度, 结果见表2, 丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非在压片糖果和固体饮料基质中3个加标水平的平均回收率范围为87.32%~93.92%, 相对标准偏差范围为1.19%~4.08%, 表明此方法准确性和重复性良好, 可满足食品中丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非测定的分析要求。
使用前述方法对采集的共32批次压片糖果和固体饮料样品进行分析, 其中2批次压片糖果和6批次固体饮料检出了苯丙代卡巴地那非, 1批次固体饮料样品检出了丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非, 样品阳性检出率高达25%, 检出含量范围为218~2170 mg/kg, 具体结果见表3。从样品检出情况可以看出该类新型卡巴地那非非法添加物在压片糖果和固体饮料中存在较大风险, 有必要对该类食品进行一定的监测以降低消费者误食的风险。
根据本研究阳性样品的检出情况来看, 目前新型那非类物质的非法添加情况不容乐观, 为保障消费者权益, 促进食品行业健康发展, 有必要加大对食品中那非类物质的防控监测, 本研究基于那非类非法添加样品含量均处于极高水平, 选择了高效液相色谱法测定压片糖果和固体粉末中丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非添加量, 该方法检测通用性强, 也避免了液相色谱-串联质谱法的基质效应及因样品含量高对于仪器造成的污染。通过对实验条件的优化, 建立了快速、高效检测丙氧基去碳卡巴地那非和苯丙代卡巴地那非添加量的方法, 为食品安全监管提供了有利的技术支撑, 后期计划进一步增加食品监测种类, 如宣称有特殊功效的片剂、配制酒类等基质, 实现对食品中该类新型非法添加更全面的监控。
  • 国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2024MK085)
  • 国家市场监督管理总局科技创新人才计划(青年拔尖人才)项目(QNBJ202330)
  • 国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700)
  • 国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK085)
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2025年第16卷第3期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240828002
  • 接收时间:2024-08-28
  • 首发时间:2025-07-21
  • 出版时间:2025-02-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-28
基金
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2024MK085)
国家市场监督管理总局科技创新人才计划(青年拔尖人才)项目(QNBJ202330)
国家重点研发计划项目(2023YFF1104700)
国家市场监督管理总局科技计划项目(2022MK085)
作者信息
    1.湖北省食品质量安全监督检验研究院, 武汉 430075
    2.国家市场监督管理总局重点实验室(动物源性食品中重点化学危害物检测技术), 武汉 430075
    3.湖北时珍实验室, 武汉 430065
    4.沃特世科技(上海)有限公司, 上海 201206

通讯作者:

* 范小龙(1989—), 男, 硕士, 工程师, 主要研究方向为食品安全检测。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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