Article(id=1153433695856878468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, articleNumber=null, orderNo=null, doi=10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240821002, pmid=null, cstr=null, oa=null, hot=null, price=null, onlineType=0, articleFormat=0, articleType=null, articleTypeStr=null, receivedDate=1724169600000, receivedDateStr=2024-08-21, revisedDate=null, revisedDateStr=null, acceptedDate=null, acceptedDateStr=null, onlineDate=1752929622854, onlineDateStr=2025-07-19, pubDate=1744646400000, pubDateStr=2025-04-15, doiRegisterDate=null, doiRegisterDateStr=null, onlineIssueDate=1752929622854, onlineIssueDateStr=2025-07-19, onlineJustAcceptDate=null, onlineJustAcceptDateStr=null, onlineFirstDate=null, onlineFirstDateStr=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, createTime=1752929622854, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1752929622854, updator=13701087609, issue=Issue{id=1153433686872679135, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, year='2025', volume='16', issue='7', pageStart='1', pageEnd='322', issueExtLink='null', onlineDate='null', pubDate='null', beforeIssueId=null, nextIssueId=null, price=null, status=1, issueComplete=1, articleOrder=1, issueType=-1, specialIssue=0, createTime=1752929620712, creator=13701087609, updateTime=1757656380159, updator=13701087609, preIssue=null, nextIssue=null, ext={EN=IssueExt(id=1173259152974561742, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=EN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=), CN=IssueExt(id=1173259152978756047, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, issueId=1153433686872679135, language=CN, specialIssueTitle=, coverIllustrator=null, specialIssueEditor=, specialIssueAbout=)}, issueFiles=null}, startPage=315, endPage=322, ext={EN=ArticleExt(id=1153433696486024097, articleId=1153433695856878468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=EN, title=Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from foodborne diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2016 to 2023, columnId=1151895321388347923, journalTitle=Journal of Food Safety & Quality, columnName=Food Analysis and Detection, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

Objective To understand the prevalence, serotype distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella from foodborne diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2016 to 2023. Methods Salmonella was isolated and identified from the stool samples of foodborne diseases. Serotypes of Salmonella were identified by slide agglutination test. The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella was determined by micro broth dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Results The detection rate of Salmonella was 4.33%, which increased from 2.11% to 9.28% from 2016 to 2023. Salmonella infection peaked in autumn. The detection rate of Salmonella was higher in people aged 0-9 old years and 40-49 old years, and people of fever, nausea and diarrhea more than 6. The consumption of meat and meat products was the risk factor of Salmonella infection. The top 5 serotypes were Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella thompson, Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg. There was an upward trend in the detection rate of Salmonella thompson, and Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. The resistance rate of Salmonella to nalidixic acid (NAL), ampicillin (AMP) and ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS) was higher, the intermediate rate of Salmonella to ciprofloxacin (CIP) was higher, and the sensitivity of Salmonella to gentamicin (GEN), imipenem (IMI) and azithromycin (AZI) was higher. The drug resistance of Salmonella enteritidis was the most serious, the drug resistance rate of tetracycline (TET) and ceftazidime (CAZ) was increasing, and the intermediate rate of CIP was decreasing. The multi-drug resistance rate of Salmonella was 44.00%, which included 31 drug resistance profiles. Conclusion The detection rates of Salmonella are different in different age, different symptoms and food exposure history of people, and different season. Salmonella enteritidis is the main serotype. The serum distribution of Salmonella is dispersive. The resistances of Salmonella to quinolones antibiotics and β-lactam antibiotics are serious, and the situation of multi-drug resistance is serious. We should enhance food safety education on Salmonella, strengthen surveillance on meat food safety, strengthen surveillance on new salmonella species such as Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, strengthen the use of antibiotics, and optimize measures for disease prevention and control of Salmonella.

, correspAuthors=Zhao-E WANG, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=null, copyrightStatement=null, copyrightOwner=null, extLink=null, articleAbsUrl=null, sourceXml=null, magXml=null, pdfUrl=null, pdf=null, pdfFileSize=null, pdfExtLink=null, richHtmlUrl=null, mobilePdfUrl=null, reviewReport=null, pdfFirstPage=null, abstractGraph=null, abstractGraphContent=null, abstractVideo=null, citation=null, cebUrl=null, magXmlContent=null, mapNumber=null, authorCompany=null, fund=null, authors=null, authorsList=Zhi-Min ZHANG, Hong YU, Hui-Ru FENG, Jia-Qi CAO, Zhao-E WANG), CN=ArticleExt(id=1153433696775431081, articleId=1153433695856878468, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, language=CN, title=2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病中沙门氏菌流行特征及耐药分析, columnId=1151895321958773274, journalTitle=食品安全质量检测学报, columnName=食品分析与检测, runingTitle=null, highlight=null, articleAbstract=

目的 了解2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的流行情况、血清型分布及耐药形势。方法 对食源性疾病病例粪便标本进行沙门氏菌的分离培养与鉴定, 采用玻片凝集法鉴定血清型, 采用微量肉汤稀释法和最小抑菌浓度法测定沙门氏菌耐药性。结果 沙门氏菌检出率为4.33%, 2016—2023年检出率从2.11%上升至9.28%。沙门氏菌感染呈秋季高峰, 0~9岁、40~49岁人群检出率较高, 病例伴有发热、恶心, 腹泻次数多在6次及以上, 食用肉及肉制品是感染沙门氏菌的危险因素。血清型排位前5位为肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、汤卜逊沙门氏菌(Salmonella thompson)、单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium)、山夫登堡沙门氏菌(Salmonella senftenberg), 其中汤卜逊沙门氏菌和单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检出率有上升趋势。沙门氏菌对萘啶酸(nalidixic acid, NAL)、氨苄西林(ampicillin, AMP)和氨苄西林-舒巴坦(ampicillin-sulbactam, AMS)耐药率较高, 对环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin, CIP)中介率较高, 对庆大霉素(gentamicin, GEN)、亚胺培南(imipenem, IMI)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin, AZI)敏感度较高。肠炎沙门氏菌耐药情况最严重, 对四环素(tetracycline, TET)、头孢他啶(ceftazidime, CAZ)耐药率有上升趋势, 对CIP中介率有下降趋势。沙门氏菌多重耐药率为44.00%, 共包含31个耐药谱。结论 不同季节、不同年龄、症状及食物暴露使沙门氏菌检出率不同。沙门氏菌以肠炎沙门氏菌为主, 血清分布广泛。沙门氏菌对喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药严重, 多重耐药形势严峻。应加强食品安全宣传教育、加大肉类食品卫生监管、加强单相鼠伤寒等新型沙门氏菌监测、加强抗生素规范使用, 优化沙门氏菌防治措施。

, correspAuthors=王兆娥, authorNote=null, correspAuthorsNote=
* 王兆娥(1981—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为肠道致病菌耐药机制研究。E-mail:
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张志敏(1990—), 女, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为病原微生物相关研究。E-mail:

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张志敏(1990—), 女, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为病原微生物相关研究。E-mail:

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张志敏(1990—), 女, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为病原微生物相关研究。E-mail:

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Acta Microbiologica Sinica, 2023, 63(8): 2967-2979., articleTitle=Resistance of bacteria to disinfectants and co-resistance of disinfectant-resistant bacteria to antibiotics, refAbstract=null)], funds=null, companyList=[AuthorCompany(id=1173278267827175766, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, xref=null, ext=[AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278267839758679, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, companyId=1173278267827175766, language=EN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=Disease Prevention and Control in Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China), AuthorCompanyExt(id=1173278267848147289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, companyId=1173278267827175766, language=CN, country=null, province=null, city=null, postcode=null, companyName=null, departmentName=null, remark=北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071)])], figs=[ArticleFig(id=1173278270775771574, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=EN, label=Table 1, caption=

Clinical manifestations and diagnosis of Salmonella infection in foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状 阳性/例 阴性/例 检出率/% χ2 P
发热 44 341 11.43 48.583 <0.05
81 2276 3.44
腹泻
次数
3~5 48 1474 3.15a 15.533 <0.05
6~9 49 721 6.36b
≥10 28 422 6.22b
大便
性状
糊状及稀便 93 1790 4.94a 7.836 <0.05
水样便 21 626 3.25a
黏液便 10 123 7.52a
其他 1 78 1.27a
腹痛 71 1426 4.74 0.257 0.612
54 1191 4.34
恶心 66 1119 5.57 4.902 <0.05
59 1498 3.79
呕吐 33 657 4.78 0.106 0.744
92 1960 4.48
临床
诊断
腹泻待查 20 526 3.62abcd 23.948 <0.05
感染性腹泻 45 586 7.12cd
菌痢 12 126 8.73bd
胃肠功能
紊乱
22 796 2.63a
消化不良 10 291 2.99abcd
其他 16 292 2.64abcd
), ArticleFig(id=1173278270935155130, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=CN, label=表1, caption=

2016—2023年食源性疾病沙门氏菌感染临床表现和临床诊断

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
症状 阳性/例 阴性/例 检出率/% χ2 P
发热 44 341 11.43 48.583 <0.05
81 2276 3.44
腹泻
次数
3~5 48 1474 3.15a 15.533 <0.05
6~9 49 721 6.36b
≥10 28 422 6.22b
大便
性状
糊状及稀便 93 1790 4.94a 7.836 <0.05
水样便 21 626 3.25a
黏液便 10 123 7.52a
其他 1 78 1.27a
腹痛 71 1426 4.74 0.257 0.612
54 1191 4.34
恶心 66 1119 5.57 4.902 <0.05
59 1498 3.79
呕吐 33 657 4.78 0.106 0.744
92 1960 4.48
临床
诊断
腹泻待查 20 526 3.62abcd 23.948 <0.05
感染性腹泻 45 586 7.12cd
菌痢 12 126 8.73bd
胃肠功能
紊乱
22 796 2.63a
消化不良 10 291 2.99abcd
其他 16 292 2.64abcd
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271098732988, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=EN, label=Table 2, caption=

Distribution of food suspected of exposure to Salmonella infection in foodborne diseases from 2016 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
可疑食品 沙门氏菌阳性病例(n=125) 沙门氏菌阴性病例(n=2765) Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI
暴露数/例 暴露率/% 暴露数/例 暴露率/%
水果蔬菜类及制品 5 4.00 436 15.77 10.696 <0.05 0.223 0.090~0.548
肉及肉制品 74 59.20 1007 36.42 24.907 <0.05 2.533 1.758~3.649
水产及其制品 5 4.00 108 3.91 0.003 0.958 1.025 0.411~2.560
饮料与冷冻饮品 7 5.60 87 3.15 2.222 0.136 1.826 0.827~4.031
乳及乳制品 3 2.40 52 1.88 0.172 0.678 1.283 0.395~4.166
混合食品 16 12.80 296 10.71 0.543 0.461 1.224 0.715~2.098
其他食品 12 9.60 332 12.01 0.658 0.417 0.778 0.425~1.427
不明原因食品 3 2.40 447 16.17 12.323 <0.05 0.128 0.040~0.403
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271220367809, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=CN, label=表2, caption=

2016—2023年食源性疾病沙门氏菌感染可疑暴露食品分布

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
可疑食品 沙门氏菌阳性病例(n=125) 沙门氏菌阴性病例(n=2765) Waldχ2 P OR 95%CI
暴露数/例 暴露率/% 暴露数/例 暴露率/%
水果蔬菜类及制品 5 4.00 436 15.77 10.696 <0.05 0.223 0.090~0.548
肉及肉制品 74 59.20 1007 36.42 24.907 <0.05 2.533 1.758~3.649
水产及其制品 5 4.00 108 3.91 0.003 0.958 1.025 0.411~2.560
饮料与冷冻饮品 7 5.60 87 3.15 2.222 0.136 1.826 0.827~4.031
乳及乳制品 3 2.40 52 1.88 0.172 0.678 1.283 0.395~4.166
混合食品 16 12.80 296 10.71 0.543 0.461 1.224 0.715~2.098
其他食品 12 9.60 332 12.01 0.658 0.417 0.778 0.425~1.427
不明原因食品 3 2.40 447 16.17 12.323 <0.05 0.128 0.040~0.403
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271308448194, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=EN, label=Table 3, caption=

Detection rates of different serotypes of Salmonella in different years

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/血清型 肠炎沙门氏菌 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 汤卜逊沙门氏菌 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 山夫登堡沙门氏菌
2016年 2 (0.38a) 2 (0.38) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00)
2017年 5 (0.97ab) 5 (0.97) 1 (0.19ab) 0 (0.00a) 1 (0.19)
2018年 16 (3.23b) 3 (0.61) 1 (0.20ab) 0 (0.00a) 3 (0.61)
2019年 14 (3.10b) 3 (0.66) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00)
2021年 5 (1.33ab) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00ab) 1 (0.27a) 0 (0.00)
2023年 10 (2.99b) 4 (1.20) 7 (2.10b) 4 (1.20a) 1 (0.30)
χ2 19.521 5.685 18.151 11.052 5.271
Pχ2 <0.05 0.304* <0.05* <0.05* 0.166*
Z 5.356 0.128 17.568 15.499 0.029
PZ <0.05 0.749* <0.05* <0.05* 0.923*
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271451054535, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=CN, label=表3, caption=

不同年份不同血清型沙门氏菌检出率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
年份/血清型 肠炎沙门氏菌 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 汤卜逊沙门氏菌 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌 山夫登堡沙门氏菌
2016年 2 (0.38a) 2 (0.38) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00)
2017年 5 (0.97ab) 5 (0.97) 1 (0.19ab) 0 (0.00a) 1 (0.19)
2018年 16 (3.23b) 3 (0.61) 1 (0.20ab) 0 (0.00a) 3 (0.61)
2019年 14 (3.10b) 3 (0.66) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00a) 0 (0.00)
2021年 5 (1.33ab) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00ab) 1 (0.27a) 0 (0.00)
2023年 10 (2.99b) 4 (1.20) 7 (2.10b) 4 (1.20a) 1 (0.30)
χ2 19.521 5.685 18.151 11.052 5.271
Pχ2 <0.05 0.304* <0.05* <0.05* 0.166*
Z 5.356 0.128 17.568 15.499 0.029
PZ <0.05 0.749* <0.05* <0.05* 0.923*
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271530746312, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=EN, label=Table 4, caption=

Drug resistance of Salmonella from 2016 to 2023

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素 肠炎沙门氏菌(n=57) 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(n=17) 汤卜逊沙门氏菌(n=9) 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(n=5) 山夫登堡沙门氏菌(n=5) 合计(n=125)
种类 名称 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率
喹诺酮类 NAL* 56 (98.25a) 0 (0.00) 1 (1.75) 10 (58.82b) 0 (0.00) 7 (41.18) 1 (11.11b) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00b) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 3 (60.00b) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 77 (61.60) 0 (0.00) 48 (38.40)
CIP 1 (1.75) 55 (96.49a) 1 (1.75) 1 (5.88) 14 (82.35ab) 2 (11.76) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00c) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00) 3 (60.00bc) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00ab) 1 (20.00) 9 (7.20) 88 (70.40) 28 (22.40)
磺胺类 SXT 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 5 (29.41) 0 (0.00) 12 (70.59) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 14 (11.20) 0 (0.00) 111 (88.80)
四环素类 TET* 12 (21.05a) 3 (5.26) 42 (73.68) 9 (52.94a) 0 (0.00) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11a) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 3 (60.00a) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 2 (40.00a) 0 (0.00) 3 (60.00) 42 (33.60) 3 (2.40) 80 (64.00)
氯霉素类 CHL 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 6 (35.29) 0 (0.00) 11 (64.71) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 2 (40.00) 1 (20.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 13 (10.40) 2 (1.60) 110 (88.00)
青霉素类 AMP* 45 (78.95a) 2 (3.51) 10 (17.54) 9 (52.94ab) 0 (0.00) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11b) 1 (11.11) 7 (77.78) 3 (60.00ab) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 1 (20.00b) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 74 (59.20) 3 (2.40) 48 (38.40)
AMS* 36 (63.16a) 8 (14.04) 13 (22.81) 7 (41.18ab) 1 (5.88) 9 (52.94) 0 (0.00b) 1 (11.11) 8 (88.89) 1 (20.00ab) 2 (40.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00ab) 1 (20.00) 4 (80.00) 55 (44.00) 16 (12.80) 54 (43.20)
头孢菌素类 CFZ* 29 (50.88a) 14 (24.56) 14 (24.56) 4 (23.53a) 5 (29.41) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11a) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00a) 1 (20.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (20.00a) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 42 (33.60) 28 (22.40) 55 (44.00)
CFX 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 17 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 2 (1.60) 0 (0.00) 123 (98.40)
CTX 2 (3.51) 0 (0.00) 55 (96.49) 3 (17.65) 0 (0.00) 14 (82.35) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 12 (9.60) 0 (0.00) 110 (88.00)
CAZ 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 1 (5.88) 1 (5.88) 15 (88.24) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 5 (4.00) 3 (2.40) 117 (93.60)
氨基糖苷类 GEN 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 1 (5.88) 1 (5.88) 15 (88.24) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 6 (4.80) 2 (1.60) 117 (93.60)
碳青霉烯类 IMI 3 (5.26) 4 (7.02) 50 (87.72) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 17 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 4 (3.20) 5 (4.00) 116 (92.80)
大环内酯类 AZI 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 1 (5.88) 0 (0.00) 16 (94.12) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 6 (4.80) 0 (0.00) 119 (95.20)
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271723684297, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=CN, label=表4, caption=

2016—2023年沙门氏菌耐药情况

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素 肠炎沙门氏菌(n=57) 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(n=17) 汤卜逊沙门氏菌(n=9) 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(n=5) 山夫登堡沙门氏菌(n=5) 合计(n=125)
种类 名称 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率 耐药率 中介率 敏感率
喹诺酮类 NAL* 56 (98.25a) 0 (0.00) 1 (1.75) 10 (58.82b) 0 (0.00) 7 (41.18) 1 (11.11b) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00b) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 3 (60.00b) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 77 (61.60) 0 (0.00) 48 (38.40)
CIP 1 (1.75) 55 (96.49a) 1 (1.75) 1 (5.88) 14 (82.35ab) 2 (11.76) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00c) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00) 3 (60.00bc) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00ab) 1 (20.00) 9 (7.20) 88 (70.40) 28 (22.40)
磺胺类 SXT 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 5 (29.41) 0 (0.00) 12 (70.59) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 14 (11.20) 0 (0.00) 111 (88.80)
四环素类 TET* 12 (21.05a) 3 (5.26) 42 (73.68) 9 (52.94a) 0 (0.00) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11a) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 3 (60.00a) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 2 (40.00a) 0 (0.00) 3 (60.00) 42 (33.60) 3 (2.40) 80 (64.00)
氯霉素类 CHL 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 6 (35.29) 0 (0.00) 11 (64.71) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 2 (40.00) 1 (20.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 13 (10.40) 2 (1.60) 110 (88.00)
青霉素类 AMP* 45 (78.95a) 2 (3.51) 10 (17.54) 9 (52.94ab) 0 (0.00) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11b) 1 (11.11) 7 (77.78) 3 (60.00ab) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 1 (20.00b) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 74 (59.20) 3 (2.40) 48 (38.40)
AMS* 36 (63.16a) 8 (14.04) 13 (22.81) 7 (41.18ab) 1 (5.88) 9 (52.94) 0 (0.00b) 1 (11.11) 8 (88.89) 1 (20.00ab) 2 (40.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00ab) 1 (20.00) 4 (80.00) 55 (44.00) 16 (12.80) 54 (43.20)
头孢菌素类 CFZ* 29 (50.88a) 14 (24.56) 14 (24.56) 4 (23.53a) 5 (29.41) 8 (47.06) 1 (11.11a) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00a) 1 (20.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (20.00a) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 42 (33.60) 28 (22.40) 55 (44.00)
CFX 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 17 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 2 (1.60) 0 (0.00) 123 (98.40)
CTX 2 (3.51) 0 (0.00) 55 (96.49) 3 (17.65) 0 (0.00) 14 (82.35) 1 (11.11) 0 (0.00) 8 (88.89) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 12 (9.60) 0 (0.00) 110 (88.00)
CAZ 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 1 (5.88) 1 (5.88) 15 (88.24) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 5 (4.00) 3 (2.40) 117 (93.60)
氨基糖苷类 GEN 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 57 (100.00) 1 (5.88) 1 (5.88) 15 (88.24) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 6 (4.80) 2 (1.60) 117 (93.60)
碳青霉烯类 IMI 3 (5.26) 4 (7.02) 50 (87.72) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 17 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (80.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 4 (3.20) 5 (4.00) 116 (92.80)
大环内酯类 AZI 1 (1.75) 0 (0.00) 56 (98.25) 1 (5.88) 0 (0.00) 16 (94.12) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 5 (100.00) 6 (4.80) 0 (0.00) 119 (95.20)
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271836930510, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=EN, label=Table 5, caption=

Resistance rate of Salmonella enteritidis in different years and mediation rate to CIP

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素/年份 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年 χ2Fisher PFisher Z PZ
CIP# 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 16 (100.00) 14 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 8 (80.00) 9.002 0.214 -6.237 <0.05
CIP 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (10.00) 10.072 0.474 3.063 0.080
NAL 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 16 (100.00) 14 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 10.072 0.474 3.063 0.175
SXT 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.14) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.399 0.719 0.046 1.000
TET 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (6.25) 2 (14.29) 3 (75.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (40.00) 12.658 <0.05 7.015 <0.05
CHL 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
AMP 2 (100.00) 3 (60.00) 12 (75.00) 11 (78.57) 3 (75.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 3.287 0.927 0.982 0.348
AMS 2 (100.00) 2 (40.00) 10 (62.50) 6 (42.86) 3 (75.00) 3 (60.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 8.385 0.261 2.667 0.109
CFZ 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 6 (37.50) 5 (35.71) 3 (75.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (100.00) 8 (80.00) 10.980 0.099 9.027 <0.05
CFX 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
CTX 0 (0.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (10.00) 8.791 0.276 0.155 0.785
CAZ 0 (0.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 11.458 0.298 1.436 0.316
GEN 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
IMI 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.14) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.840 0.119 0.601 0.487
AZI 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (6.25) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.132 1.000 0.500 0.684
), ArticleFig(id=1173278271916622289, tenantId=1146029695717560320, journalId=1149652044408987649, articleId=1153433695856878468, language=CN, label=表5, caption=

不同年份肠炎沙门氏菌耐药率以及对CIP中介率

, figureFileSmall=null, figureFileBig=null, tableContent=
抗生素/年份 2016年 2017年 2018年 2019年 2020年 2021年 2022年 2023年 χ2Fisher PFisher Z PZ
CIP# 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 16 (100.00) 14 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 8 (80.00) 9.002 0.214 -6.237 <0.05
CIP 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (10.00) 10.072 0.474 3.063 0.080
NAL 2 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 16 (100.00) 14 (100.00) 4 (100.00) 5 (100.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 10.072 0.474 3.063 0.175
SXT 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.14) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.399 0.719 0.046 1.000
TET 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (6.25) 2 (14.29) 3 (75.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 4 (40.00) 12.658 <0.05 7.015 <0.05
CHL 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
AMP 2 (100.00) 3 (60.00) 12 (75.00) 11 (78.57) 3 (75.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 3.287 0.927 0.982 0.348
AMS 2 (100.00) 2 (40.00) 10 (62.50) 6 (42.86) 3 (75.00) 3 (60.00) 1 (100.00) 9 (90.00) 8.385 0.261 2.667 0.109
CFZ 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 6 (37.50) 5 (35.71) 3 (75.00) 4 (80.00) 1 (100.00) 8 (80.00) 10.980 0.099 9.027 <0.05
CFX 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
CTX 0 (0.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (10.00) 8.791 0.276 0.155 0.785
CAZ 0 (0.00) 1 (20.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 11.458 0.298 1.436 0.316
GEN 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) - - - -
IMI 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (7.14) 0 (0.00) 2 (40.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.840 0.119 0.601 0.487
AZI 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 1 (6.25) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 0 (0.00) 9.132 1.000 0.500 0.684
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2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病中沙门氏菌流行特征及耐药分析
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张志敏 , 余红 , 封会茹 , 曹佳琪 , 王兆娥 *
食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025,16(7): 315-322
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食品安全质量检测学报 | 食品分析与检测 2025, 16(7): 315-322
2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病中沙门氏菌流行特征及耐药分析
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张志敏 , 余红, 封会茹, 曹佳琪, 王兆娥*
作者信息
  • 北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071
  • 张志敏(1990—), 女, 硕士, 检验技师, 主要研究方向为病原微生物相关研究。E-mail:

通讯作者:

* 王兆娥(1981—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为肠道致病菌耐药机制研究。E-mail:
Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from foodborne diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2016 to 2023
Zhi-Min ZHANG , Hong YU, Hui-Ru FENG, Jia-Qi CAO, Zhao-E WANG*
Affiliations
  • Disease Prevention and Control in Fengtai District, Beijing 100071, China
出版时间: 2025-04-15 doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240821002
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目的 了解2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病沙门氏菌(Salmonella)的流行情况、血清型分布及耐药形势。方法 对食源性疾病病例粪便标本进行沙门氏菌的分离培养与鉴定, 采用玻片凝集法鉴定血清型, 采用微量肉汤稀释法和最小抑菌浓度法测定沙门氏菌耐药性。结果 沙门氏菌检出率为4.33%, 2016—2023年检出率从2.11%上升至9.28%。沙门氏菌感染呈秋季高峰, 0~9岁、40~49岁人群检出率较高, 病例伴有发热、恶心, 腹泻次数多在6次及以上, 食用肉及肉制品是感染沙门氏菌的危险因素。血清型排位前5位为肠炎沙门氏菌(Salmonella enteritidis)、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Salmonella typhimurium)、汤卜逊沙门氏菌(Salmonella thompson)、单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium)、山夫登堡沙门氏菌(Salmonella senftenberg), 其中汤卜逊沙门氏菌和单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检出率有上升趋势。沙门氏菌对萘啶酸(nalidixic acid, NAL)、氨苄西林(ampicillin, AMP)和氨苄西林-舒巴坦(ampicillin-sulbactam, AMS)耐药率较高, 对环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin, CIP)中介率较高, 对庆大霉素(gentamicin, GEN)、亚胺培南(imipenem, IMI)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin, AZI)敏感度较高。肠炎沙门氏菌耐药情况最严重, 对四环素(tetracycline, TET)、头孢他啶(ceftazidime, CAZ)耐药率有上升趋势, 对CIP中介率有下降趋势。沙门氏菌多重耐药率为44.00%, 共包含31个耐药谱。结论 不同季节、不同年龄、症状及食物暴露使沙门氏菌检出率不同。沙门氏菌以肠炎沙门氏菌为主, 血清分布广泛。沙门氏菌对喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药严重, 多重耐药形势严峻。应加强食品安全宣传教育、加大肉类食品卫生监管、加强单相鼠伤寒等新型沙门氏菌监测、加强抗生素规范使用, 优化沙门氏菌防治措施。

食源性疾病  /  沙门氏菌  /  耐药分析

Objective To understand the prevalence, serotype distribution and drug resistance of Salmonella from foodborne diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2016 to 2023. Methods Salmonella was isolated and identified from the stool samples of foodborne diseases. Serotypes of Salmonella were identified by slide agglutination test. The antimicrobial resistance of Salmonella was determined by micro broth dilution method and minimum inhibitory concentration method. Results The detection rate of Salmonella was 4.33%, which increased from 2.11% to 9.28% from 2016 to 2023. Salmonella infection peaked in autumn. The detection rate of Salmonella was higher in people aged 0-9 old years and 40-49 old years, and people of fever, nausea and diarrhea more than 6. The consumption of meat and meat products was the risk factor of Salmonella infection. The top 5 serotypes were Salmonella enteritidis, Salmonella typhimurium, Salmonella thompson, Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium and Salmonella senftenberg. There was an upward trend in the detection rate of Salmonella thompson, and Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium. The resistance rate of Salmonella to nalidixic acid (NAL), ampicillin (AMP) and ampicillin-sulbactam (AMS) was higher, the intermediate rate of Salmonella to ciprofloxacin (CIP) was higher, and the sensitivity of Salmonella to gentamicin (GEN), imipenem (IMI) and azithromycin (AZI) was higher. The drug resistance of Salmonella enteritidis was the most serious, the drug resistance rate of tetracycline (TET) and ceftazidime (CAZ) was increasing, and the intermediate rate of CIP was decreasing. The multi-drug resistance rate of Salmonella was 44.00%, which included 31 drug resistance profiles. Conclusion The detection rates of Salmonella are different in different age, different symptoms and food exposure history of people, and different season. Salmonella enteritidis is the main serotype. The serum distribution of Salmonella is dispersive. The resistances of Salmonella to quinolones antibiotics and β-lactam antibiotics are serious, and the situation of multi-drug resistance is serious. We should enhance food safety education on Salmonella, strengthen surveillance on meat food safety, strengthen surveillance on new salmonella species such as Monophasic salmonella enterica serovar typhimurium, strengthen the use of antibiotics, and optimize measures for disease prevention and control of Salmonella.

foodborne diseases  /  Salmonella  /  drug resistance analysis
张志敏, 余红, 封会茹, 曹佳琪, 王兆娥. 2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病中沙门氏菌流行特征及耐药分析. 食品安全质量检测学报, 2025 , 16 (7) : 315 -322 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240821002
Zhi-Min ZHANG, Hong YU, Hui-Ru FENG, Jia-Qi CAO, Zhao-E WANG. Epidemiological characteristics and drug resistance of Salmonella isolated from foodborne diseases in Fengtai District, Beijing from 2016 to 2023[J]. Journal of Food Safety & Quality, 2025 , 16 (7) : 315 -322 . DOI: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240821002
沙门氏菌是引起食源性疾病暴发的主要致病菌, 据世界卫生组织统计, 全球每年约有1.15亿人感染沙门氏菌, 造成37万人死亡[1-2]。2021年美国沙门氏菌病发病率为14.32/10万, 以肠炎沙门氏菌(17%)和纽波特沙门氏菌(11%)为主[3]。20世纪60年代至90年代, 美国的人源非伤寒沙门氏菌对氨苄西林、链霉素、四环素的耐药率呈增长趋势, 1996年起呈现下降趋势, 2018年均低于15%[4-5]。居欧盟统计, 沙门氏菌病是第二大食源性疾病, 以肠炎沙门氏菌(54.6%)和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌(11.4%)为主[6]。2021年, 欧盟人源肠炎沙门氏菌对环丙沙星和粘菌素的耐药率分别为22.6%和17.6%[7]。我国每年由沙门氏菌引起的食源性疾病超过900万例, 以肠炎沙门氏菌和鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为主[8]。由于抗菌药在临床治疗上的大量使用, 以及养殖、畜牧等行业将其作为促生长剂长期应用, 使沙门氏菌耐药问题日益严重, 且耐药性通过食物链或环境在人、畜、食品间传递, 给沙门氏菌防治带来压力[9-15]。本研究将2016—2023年北京市丰台区食源性疾病监测中沙门氏菌的实验数据进行分析, 以掌握本区食源性沙门氏菌病的流行情况、血清型分布及耐药形势, 以期为沙门氏菌病的防治工作提供科学依据。
食源性疾病病例定义为由食品或怀疑由食品引起的以腹泻症状为主诉的就诊病例, 24 h排便≥3次, 且粪便性状异常, 如稀便、水样便、黏液便或脓血便等; 同时排除服用抗生素或不恰当服用化学物质导致腹泻的病例。收集2016—2023年北京市丰台区哨点医院肠道门诊2890份食源性疾病病例粪便标本(本区因新冠肺炎疫情影响, 2020年和2022年仅有部分数据)进行沙门氏菌检测。
SC增菌液(selenite cystine broth, 北京君立康公司); 沙门氏菌显色培养基(上海科玛嘉公司); 血平板(英国OXOID公司); 沙门氏菌属诊断血清(丹麦SSI公司); 革兰阴性药敏板(山东鑫科公司)。
VITEK 2-Compact全自动细菌鉴定仪(法国梅里埃公司); MALDI-TOF MS飞行时间质谱仪(德国布鲁克公司); XK全自动药敏仪(山东鑫科公司)。
沙门氏菌分离鉴定和血清分型操作参照WS 271—2007《感染性腹泻诊断标准》、GB 4789.4—2016《食品安全国家标准 食品微生物学检验 沙门氏菌检验》及《国家致病菌识别网技术手册》进行, 血清分型采用玻片凝集法, 设空白对照。
采用微量肉汤稀释法和最小抑菌浓度法测定沙门氏菌耐药性。共包括9类14种抗生素药物: 萘啶酸(nalidixic acid, NAL)、环丙沙星(ciprofloxacin, CIP)、复方新诺明(trimethoprim sulfamethoxazole tablets, SXT)、四环素(tetracycline, TET)、氯霉素(chloramphenicol, CHL)、氨苄西林(ampicillin, AMP)、氨苄西林-舒巴坦(ampicillin- sulbactam, AMS)、头孢唑林(cefazolin, CFZ)、头孢西丁(cefoxitin, CFX)、头孢噻肟(cefotaxime, CTX)、头孢他啶(ceftazidime, CAZ)、庆大霉素(gentamicin, GEN)、亚胺培南(imipenem, IMI)、阿奇霉素(azithromycin, AZI)。耐药折点及结果判读参考美国临床实验室标准化协会(Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute, CLSI)标准(M100, 2022), 实验操作严格按照说明书进行, 质控菌株为大肠埃希菌(ATCC25922)。
利用Excel 2023进行数据整理, 采用率和构成比对食源性疾病沙门氏菌的三间分布、血清分型、药敏等情况进行描述性流行病学分析。利用SPSS 23.0软件进行统计分析, 采用χ2检验进行组间的比较, 采用Cochran-Armitage检验进行趋势性分析, 采用单因素回归分析不同食品对沙门氏菌检出率的影响因素, P<0.05为差异有统计学意义。
2890份标本共检出沙门氏菌125株, 平均检出率为4.33%。
2016—2019年、2021年及2023年沙门氏菌检出率分别为2.11% (11/522)、3.50% (18/515)、6.06% (30/495)、4.20% (19/452)、2.65% (10/377)、9.28% (31/334), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=32.359, P<0.05), 2023年检出率高于2016年和2017年, 2018年高于2016年。2016—2023年沙门氏菌检出率有上升趋势(Z=10.844, P<0.05)。不同季度检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=18.852, P<0.05), 第三季度沙门氏菌检出率高于第一季度和第四季度。不同月份检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=34.709, P<0.05), 其中9月(8.43%)检出率高于6月(1.93%)。
男性、女性病例中沙门氏菌检出率分别为4.29% (65/1516)、4.37% (60/1374), 差异无统计学意义(χ2=0.045, P>0.05)。将年龄分组为0~9、10~19、20~29、30~39、40~49、50~59、≥60岁, 沙门氏菌检出率分别为8.22% (6/73)、3.85% (7/182)、2.84% (18/634)、3.76% (27/719)、7.74% (24/310)、4.74% (18/380)、4.22% (25/592), 差异有统计学意义(χ2=15.640, P<0.05), 40~49岁组高于20~29岁组。将职业分组为干部职员、家务及待业、离退人员、学生、农民/工人、儿童、餐饮食品业、其他/不详, 各组沙门氏菌检出率差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.064, P>0.05)。
2890例病例中有2742例填报了临床诊断和临床表现。临床诊断为感染性腹泻及菌痢的病例中沙门氏菌检出率更高, 伴发热、恶心、腹泻次数在6次及以上的病例沙门氏菌检出率分别比不发热、不恶心、腹泻6次以下的病例更高, 差异均有统计学意义, 详见表1
单因素Logistic回归分析显示, 食用肉及肉制品者发生沙门氏菌感染的危险性是不食用者的2.533倍, 食用水果蔬菜类及其制品者发生沙门氏菌感染的危险性较低, 具体见表2
125株沙门氏菌共有24种血清型, 排位前5为肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、汤卜逊沙门氏菌、单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和山夫登堡沙门氏菌, 构成比分别为45.60%、13.60%、7.20%、4.00%、4.00%, 各血清型沙门氏菌检出率差异有统计学意义(χ2=105.18, P<0.001), 肠炎沙门氏菌检出率高于其他血清型。肠炎沙门氏菌、汤卜逊沙门氏菌、单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌各年份间检出率差异有统计学意义。肠炎沙门氏菌在2023年、2019年以及2018年的检出率高于2016年, 检出率有上升的趋势。汤卜逊沙门氏菌在2023年检出率高于2019年和2016年, 检出率有上升的趋势。单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌检出率有上升的趋势, 详见表3
125株沙门氏菌对14种抗生素表现出不同程度的耐药性, 耐药率在1.60%~61.60%之间。耐药率最高为NAL (61.60%)、AMP (59.20%)和AMS (44.00%)。对CIP的中介率、耐药率分别为70.40%、7.20%。对CFX、CAZ、GEN、IMI、AZI高度敏感, 敏感率分别为98.40%、93.60%、93.60%、92.80%、95.20%。
肠炎沙门氏菌对14种抗生素的耐药率为1.75%~98.25%。对NAL、AMP、AMS、CFZ耐药率较高, 分别为98.25%、78.95%、63.16%、50.88%。对CIP中介率、耐药率分别为96.49%、1.75%。对CHL、CFX、GEN保持100.00%敏感。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对14种抗生素的耐药率在5.88%~58.82%之间, 对NAL、TET、AMP的耐药率较高, 分别为58.82%、52.94%、52.94%。对CIP中介率、耐药率分别为82.35%、5.88%。对IMI和CFX保持100.00%敏感。单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对TET、AMP的耐药率均为60.00%, 对CIP中介率、耐药率分别为60.00%, 0.00%, 对NAL、SXT、CFX、CTX、CAZ、GEN、AZI均保持100.00%敏感。汤卜逊沙门氏菌对NAL、CIP、TET、CHL、AMP、CFZ、CTX的耐药率均为11.11%, 对其他6种抗生素保持100.00%敏感。山夫登堡沙门氏菌对NAL耐药率最高, 为60.00%, 对SXT、CHL、CFX、CTX、CAZ、IMI、AZI均保持100.00%敏感。5种沙门氏菌对NAL、AMP、AMS、TET、CFZ的耐药率及对CIP的中介率差异有统计学意义(χ2值分别为54.121、21.437、20.066、10.500、12.077、40.858, P均小于0.05)。肠炎沙门氏菌对NAL的耐药率高于其他血清型, 对AMP的耐药率高于汤卜逊沙门氏菌和山夫登堡沙门氏菌, 对AMS的耐药率高于汤卜逊沙门氏菌, 对CIP的中介率高于汤卜逊沙门氏菌和单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌, 详见表4
2016—2023年肠炎沙门氏菌对TET、CFZ的耐药率有上升趋势, 对CIP的中介率有下降趋势, 见表5
对3类及以上抗生素耐药的称为多重耐药。沙门氏菌多重耐药率为44.00% (55/125)。2016—2023年沙门氏菌多重耐药率分别为45.45% (5/11)、16.67% (3/18)、33.33% (10/30)、52.63% (10/19)、80.00% (4/5)、80.00% (8/10)、100% (1/1)、45.16% (14/31), 差异有统计学意义(χ2Fisher=16.642, P<0.05), 2016年高于2017年。肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、汤卜逊沙门氏菌、单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌、山夫登堡沙门氏菌及其他沙门氏菌的多重耐药率分别为54.39% (31/57)、47.06% (8/17)、11.11% (1/9)、40.00% (2/5)、20.00% (1/5)、37.50% (12/32), 差异无统计学意义(χ2=8.261, P>0.05)。55株多重耐药沙门氏菌呈现31种耐药谱, 肠炎沙门氏菌以三重耐药为主, 耐药谱以AMP-AMS-CFZ-NAL为主, 最高为四重7联耐药, 耐药谱为AMP-AMS-TET-CFZ- CTX-NAL-CIP。其他血清型耐药谱较分散, 鼠伤寒沙门氏菌最高为六重8联耐药, 耐药谱为AMP-AMS-TET- CHL-CTX-CAZ-NAL-AZI; 汤卜逊沙门氏菌仅1株四重6联耐药, 耐药谱为AMP-TET-CFZ-CTX-NAL-CIP; 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌仅2株多重耐药, 耐药谱为AMP-TET-CHL、AMP-AMS-TET-CHL-IMI。山夫登堡沙门氏菌仅1株四重4联耐药, 耐药谱为AMP-TET-CFZ-NAL。
本研究沙门氏菌检出率为4.33%, 与北京市各区的报告(4.06%~5.80%)[16-18]及上海市(4.19%)[11]相近, 低于河南省洛阳市(7.4%)[19], 提示沙门氏菌流行或有地区差异。2023年沙门氏菌检出率明显上升, 可能与新冠疫情结束后报复性消费和旅游等活动增多、暴露风险增大有关。沙门氏菌呈秋季高峰, 9月检出率最高。40~49岁组检出率高于20~29岁组, 这与昌平区[20]相似。研究发现0~9岁组沙门氏菌检出率较高, 值得关注。感染性腹泻及菌痢等临床诊断、腹泻6次及以上、发热、恶心等症状的病例沙门氏菌检出率更高, 这与上海市[11]、武汉市[21]情况相似, 同时给沙门氏菌病临床诊断提供指导性数据, 当病例出现以上症状时提醒接诊医生不要漏诊。食用肉及肉制品是感染沙门氏菌的危险因素, 与国内外报道相似[22-23], 提示应加大对肉类食品的监管、加强群众的食品安全教育, 建议人们购买新鲜的肉及肉制品充分加热后尽快食用, 减少沙门氏菌感染。
本研究沙门氏菌血清型分布广泛, 以肠炎沙门氏菌、鼠伤寒沙门氏菌为主, 与北京市各区[16-18]及南方地区[24]的报道相似。2016—2023年肠炎沙门氏菌、汤卜逊沙门氏菌和单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的检出率有上升趋势, 血清型排位发生变化。其中, 单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌自2021年开始检出, 至2023年检出率由0.27%上升到1.20%。它是近几年新出现的血清型, 目前已成为广东[25]等地主要血清型, 应引起关注。而汤卜逊沙门氏菌2018年后无检出, 至2023年检出率猛增2.10%, 也应关注。
耐药结果显示, 沙门氏菌对NAL、AMP和AMS的耐药率较高, 略低于湖南[15]的报道。沙门氏菌对CIP的耐药率相对较低, 但中介率较高, 而中介率增多同样会导致药物治疗的失败和反应延迟[26], 应关注。沙门氏菌对喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药较严重, 可能与这两种药物在临床及养殖畜牧业的广泛使用有关。沙门氏菌对GEN、IMI、AZI有较高敏感度, 提示其在沙门氏菌病临床治疗上有应用价值。肠炎沙门氏菌的耐药情况最严重, 对NAL、AMP、AMS耐药率为98.25%、78.95%、63.16%, 对CIP中介率为96.49%, 高于贵州[27]报道。肠炎沙门氏菌对TET、CFZ的耐药率有明显上升趋势, 提示应加强其规范使用; 对CIP的中介率的下降可能与CIP耐药率的上升有关。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌和单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对抗生素的耐药性相似, 可能是因为单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌是鼠伤寒沙门氏菌的变异株, 有相同的耐药基因所致。鼠伤寒沙门氏菌对NAL的耐药率高于单相鼠伤寒沙门氏菌, 对TET的耐药率以及CIP的中介率均较高, 这与广东地区[25]相似。沙门氏菌多重耐药率为44.00%, 与广州报道相似[28], 略低于其他地区(新疆、福建、上海、广西和重庆)的报道(54.3%)[29]
多重耐药谱以喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类为主, 肠炎沙门氏菌最严重, 耐药谱相对集中, 其余血清型耐药谱分布较广泛。细菌交叉耐药和多重耐药的产生与医疗、养殖业、畜牧业抗生素不规范使用及环境中抗生素残留有关, 此外消毒剂不正确使用会诱导病原菌的共耐药现象、加速耐药基因的传播[30]。沙门氏菌耐药情况严重, 多重耐药谱复杂, 提示医疗机构可根据耐药谱选择合适的抗生素进行沙门氏菌病的治疗。
综上所述, 沙门氏菌感染呈秋季高峰, 其检出率在0~9岁及40~49岁组、腹泻6次及以上、发热、恶心等症状病例中更高, 食用肉及肉制品是感染沙门氏菌的危险因素, 本区沙门氏菌血清型以肠炎沙门氏菌为主, 沙门氏菌对喹诺酮类和β-内酰胺类抗生素耐药严重, 多重耐药形势严峻。应加强医疗机构对重点人群进行诊断, 加大对肉类食品的监管, 加强群众的食品安全教育, 关注单相鼠伤寒等新型沙门氏菌, 加强抗生素规范使用, 优化沙门氏菌防治措施。
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2025年第16卷第7期
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doi: 10.19812/j.cnki.jfsq11-5956/ts.20240821002
  • 接收时间:2024-08-21
  • 首发时间:2025-07-19
  • 出版时间:2025-04-15
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  • 收稿日期:2024-08-21
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    北京市丰台区疾病预防控制中心, 北京 100071

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* 王兆娥(1981—), 女, 硕士, 副主任技师, 主要研究方向为肠道致病菌耐药机制研究。E-mail:
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2种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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