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Outline
To address the problems of high energy consumption in pyrometallurgical recovery and low germanium leaching rate in atmospheric hydrometallurgical recovery of germanium from oxygen pressure leaching residues of zinc concentrates, the leaching of germanium in a high-temperature and high-pressure sulfuric acid system, using oxygen as the oxidant and sodium lignosulfonate as the activating agent was investigated. The effects of key parameters, including leaching temperature and time, mass concentration of sulfuric acid, oxygen pressure, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, and sodium lignosulfonate dosage on the leaching rate of germanium were examined. The results show that the oxygen pressure leaching process can enhance the oxidative decomposition of refractory sulfides such as sphalerite in the oxygen pressure leaching residue of zinc concentrates, destroy their crystal lattice structures, and enable the dissociation and leaching of isomorphous germanium. Under the optimized conditions of leaching temperature of 150 ℃, leaching time of 3 h, mass concentration of sulfuric acid of 180 g/L, oxygen pressure of 1.0 MPa, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 8 mL/1 g, and sodium lignosulfonate dosage of 3% by mass of the oxygen pressure leaching residue of zinc concentrates, the leaching rate of germanium reaches 72.17%, which is significantly improved compared with the atmospheric acid leaching method, and the leaching rate of zinc reaches 89.39%. This study provides technical reference for the green and efficient recovery of germanium from oxygen pressure leaching residue and is of great significance for ensuring the sustainable supply of germanium resources.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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