Lithium-ion batteries (LIBs) are promising for application in new energy and energy storage fields owing to their high energy efficiency, high power density, long cycle life, and low self-discharge rate. However, the limited lifespan of lithium batteries leads to substantial generation of waste batteries. Metals such as lithium and cobalt within their cathode materials belong to strategic resources. Recycling waste lithium batteries not only alleviates pressure on primary resource exploitation and reduces environmental pollution but also enables closed-loop recycling of metallic resources. The composition and the recycling process of lithium batteries are introduced. The research on metals recovery from lithium battery cathode materials through inorganic acid leaching, organic acid leaching, bioleaching, and deep eutectic solvent leaching is summarized. Technical guidance is provided for the recovery of valuable metals from waste lithium batteries.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |