Recovering and reusing ruthenium from platinum group metal waste has great influence on sustainable development, resource conservation and environmental protection. Ruthenium waste generally includes ruthenium-containing waste catalysts, ruthenium-containing alloy materials, ruthenium-containing nuclear waste and other ruthenium-containing waste. The comprehensive recovery and treatment methods of different ruthenium wastes are summarized. The processes of transforming soluble salts by oxidative distillation, melting-reduction-oxidation, melting-oxidation-distillation, microwave leaching-cloud point extraction, distillation-melting-reduction, melting-reduction-oxidation, ion exchange, oxidation volatilization, electrolysis, biosorption and physical adsorption are introduced respectively. The advantages and disadvantages of existing ruthenium waste recovery technologies are summarized. And the development direction of ruthenium waste recovery technology in the future is prospected.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |