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To address the issue of resource utilization of fluoride-containing waste residues generated during the treatment of fluoride-containing wastewater from semiconductor manufacturing enterprises, a chemical transformation method is employed to convert fluoride residues into calcium fluoride, thereby achieving resource utilization of these residues. The transformation effects of different agents, including ammonium fluoride, hydrofluoric acid-ammonium fluoride, and acetic acid-ammonium fluoride were studied, focusing on the effects of the type of transformation agent, solution pH and fluoride concentration on the calcium fluoride content in the transformed residue. The results indicate that transformation rate is the highest for converting fluoride residues into calcium fluoride using acetic acid-ammonium fluoride as the transformation agent yields. Under conditions of liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 10 mL/1 g, acetic acid dosage of n(CH3COOH)/[2×n(CaCO3)]=1.2, ammonium fluoride dosage of n(NH4F)/[2×n(Ca)+4×n(Al)+6×n(Si)-n(F-)fluoride residue)]=1.1, stirring time of 1 h and solution pH between 3.5 and 4.0, the calcium fluoride content can reach 88.72%, with transformation rate of 38.11%. The stepwise transformation using acetic acid-ammonium fluoride can eliminate the inhibiting effect of calcium fluoride formed on the surface of calcium carbonate on the further acid dissolution of the inner layer of CaCO3, thereby increasing the content of CaF2 and the transformation rate of the fluoride-containing residues. It can provide a technical reference for the resource utilization ot fluorine-containing slag.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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