Aiming at the complex process, severe co-precipitation of impurities, and environmental pollution problems existing in the recovery process of platinum and palladium from silver anode slime, extracting platinum and palladium from electrolytic silver anode slime by selective nitric acid leaching-complexation directional precipitation was studied. The test results show that under the optimized conditions of nitric acid concentration of 40%, temperature of 90 ℃, and liquid volume to solid mass ratio of 4∶1, almost all impurities such as silver, copper, and bismuth are completely leached, and the leaching rates of platinum and palladium reach 89.97% and 99.17%, respectively. Subsequently, under conditions of temperature of 70 ℃, pH=0.5, and dimethylglyoxime addition amount of 2.5 times the theoretical addition amount, directional precipitation is carried out, and the precipitation rates of platinum and palladium are 88.45% and 99.78%, respectively, achieving high selectivity enrichment of platinum and palladium and effectively inhibiting the co-precipitation of impurities such as silver and copper. The expanded test results show that the direct recovery rates of platinum and palladium by this process are 78.32% and 99.05%, respectively, and a concentrate with platinum and palladium contents of 11.43% and 28.56% can be obtained. This method achieves efficient enrichment of platinum and palladium through the high selectivity interaction of the complexing agent, and there is no wastewater discharge, providing a new strategy for the clean and efficient recovery of platinum and palladium resources from silver anode slime.