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In view of the complex technical problems such as "running muddy" in the thickening system, excessive Cu2+ in the solution and poor open circuit of Fe3+ in the atmospheric leaching process of high copper nickel matte, the migration behavior and inhibition mechanism of Cu and Fe were systematically revealed by mineralogy, chemistry and reaction kinetics. The mineral analysis system (MLA) was used to clarify the occurrence state and evolution path of raw materials and intermediate slag nickel sulfide (Ni3S2), copper nickel sulfide and iron oxide (FeOOH, etc.). The coupling effects of pH, temperature, liquid volume to solid mass ratio, reaction time and initial Cu2+ mass concentration on the leaching kinetics and hydrolysis precipitation behavior of Ni, Cu and Fe were investigated by designing systematic single factor and L9(34) orthogonal experiments. The results show that Fe3+ is significantly hydrolyzed at pH>3.0, and the generated Fe(OH)3 colloid encapsulates the microparticles through electrical neutralization and bridging, which is the direct cause of system stability damage and "running muddy". In addition to direct leaching, Cu2+ has a hidden cycle path of "adsorption-coprecipitation", which is the core reason why it is difficult to completely open the circuit. Based on this, a "Fe/Cu synergistic regulation" strategy is proposed. The core of this strategy is to accurately control the initial pH in a narrow window of 2.5–3.0：in this interval, the catalytic effect of Cu2+can be used to promote nickel leaching, and the hydrolysis of Fe3+ into gel at the initial stage of the reaction can be inhibited to the greatest extent. Combined with orthogonal test optimization, the optimum process conditions are determined as follows：initial pH=2.5-3.0, temperature is 80-85 ℃, liquid mass solid mass ratio is 8/1-9/1, reaction time is 4-5 h. Compared to the traditional process, after applying this collaborative regulation strategy, the total nickel leaching rate of the system increases steadily from approximately 90% to over 93%. The Ni mass concentration in the externally supplied nickel sulfate solution reaches over 105 g/L, while the Cu mass concentration decreases from over 15 g/L to below 3 g/L, and the Fe mass concentration drops from over 5 g/L to below 1 g/L. This method solves the problems of "slurry leakage" and impurity control in industrial production effectively, and provides a solid theoretical basis and engineering practice solution for the precise regulation of the high-nickel concentrate hydrometallurgical process.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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