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A large-scale method for the enrichment and identification of N-glycopeptides in microscale plasma samples
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Xinyi YANG1, 2, Weijie QIN1, 2, *
Chinese Journal of Chromatography | 2025, 43(9) : 996 - 1004
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Chinese Journal of Chromatography | 2025, 43(9): 996-1004
• Articles •
A large-scale method for the enrichment and identification of N-glycopeptides in microscale plasma samples
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Xinyi YANG1, 2, Weijie QIN1, 2, *
Affiliations
  • 1. School of Basic Medical Science,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China
  • 2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics,National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing),Beijing Proteome Research Center,Beijing Institute of Lifeomics,Beijing 102206,China
Published: 2025-09-08 doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04004
Outline
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Blood, which forms part of the systemic circulatory system, contains proteins from various tissues and organs. Hence, blood samples are ideal vehicles for studying diseases and physiological states. Plasma is an important component of blood and is essential for clinical proteomics research. Plasma contains rich physiological and pathological information; consequently, it is an ideal medium for discovering disease-related biomarkers. Protein N-glycosylation is a key post-translational modification route. This route is widely involved in biological processes such as intercellular communication, immune regulation, and signal transduction. Changes resulting from aberrant N-glycosylation are closely associated with various pathological conditions, including autoimmune and neurodegenerative diseases and tumors. Hence, N-glycosylation proteomics is highly valuable during biomarker and drug-target development. However, efficiently enriching N-glycopeptides in biological samples before detection by mass spectrometry (MS) is difficult. This is because the highly abundant unmodified peptides result in signal suppression. Consequently, achieving deep N-glycoproteomic coverage is a key challenge, particularly for trace plasma samples, for which in-depth studies are currently lacking. In this study, we developed a strategy for comprehensively profiling trace N-glycopeptides in plasma. This includes an efficient enrichment method in combination with highly sensitive MS. The developed approach integrates glycopeptide enrichment using advanced hydrophilic interaction liquid chromatography (HILIC) with state-of-the-art MS platforms. This significantly enhances detection depth and sensitivity during N-glycosylation analysis using minimal plasma volumes. Selectivity and efficiency during N-glycopeptide enrichment were maximized by systematically optimizing key HILIC-packed stationary-phase parameters. These parameters include chemical composition, pore size, and surface modification. Additionally, the elution gradient was fine-tuned to improve glycopeptide recovery. This optimization process delivered high N-glycopeptide specificity, even in complex plasma matrices. To overcome the limitations of single-platform MS, we implemented a complementary dual-platform strategy. This strategy combines the high-speed, high-resolution capabilities of the Tims TOF Pro 2 instrument with the ultra-high mass accuracy and resolution of the Orbitrap Lumos spectrometer. The former instrument facilitates the rapid and sensitive identification of glycopeptides, particularly for low-abundance species. It exploits the trapped ion mobility spectrometry (TIMS) and parallel accumulated sequential fragmentation (PASEF) technology. The Orbitrap Lumos provides exceptional mass accuracy and high-resolution MS/MS spectra that enable confident glycopeptide structural characterization. This synergistic approach significantly expands the N-glycopeptide identification depth and ensures comprehensive glycosylation-site and glycan-composition coverage. The developed optimized workflow successfully identified 2 962 intact N-glycopeptides using only 20 μg of plasma peptides (equivalent to 0.5 μL of whole plasma). This set a new benchmark for sensitivity in the micro-volume plasma glycoproteome field. This achievement addresses a critical gap, where conventional methods typically require much larger sample volumes. This limits their applicability to clinical and precision medicine settings where sample availability is restricted. The developed platform provides a robust and reliable analytical framework for plasma N-glycoproteomics with significant implications for precision medicine. This method facilitates large-scale clinical studies by enabling highly sensitive glycopeptide profiling from very small plasma volumes. This included the longitudinal monitoring of disease progression and therapeutic responses. Furthermore, it offers a powerful tool for discovering novel N-glycosylation-based biomarkers for use in early disease diagnosis, prognosis, and personalized treatment strategies. In summary, this study advances the technical capabilities of plasma N-glycoproteomics. Additionally, it facilitates the broader use of plasma N-glycoproteomics in biomedical research and clinical diagnostics.

enrichment  /  mass spectrometry (MS)  /  proteome  /  hydrophilic interaction chromatography (HILIC)  /  N-glycopeptide  /  plasma
杨馨逸, 秦伟捷. 针对微量血浆样本的N-糖肽规模化的富集鉴定方法. 色谱, 2025 , 43 (9) : 996 -1004 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04004
Xinyi YANG, Weijie QIN. A large-scale method for the enrichment and identification of N-glycopeptides in microscale plasma samples[J]. Chinese Journal of Chromatography, 2025 , 43 (9) : 996 -1004 . DOI: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04004
  • National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371504)
Year 2025 volume 43 Issue 9
15
7
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Article Info
doi: 10.3724/SP.J.1123.2025.04004
  • Receive Date:2025-04-09
  • Online Date:2026-10-30
  • Published:2025-09-08
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  • Received:2025-04-09
Funding
National Natural Science Foundation of China(32371504)
Affiliations
    1. School of Basic Medical Science,Anhui Medical University,Hefei 230032,China
    2. State Key Laboratory of Medical Proteomics,National Center for Protein Sciences (Beijing),Beijing Proteome Research Center,Beijing Institute of Lifeomics,Beijing 102206,China
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红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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