Full
Outline
To address the evolving demands for innovation and practical competencies in pharmaceutical education， and in alignment with the “student-centered， outcome-driven” pedagogical approach， our teaching team has undertaken a comprehensive reform of the Pharmaceutical Analysis curriculum. We designed and implemented an integrative， research-based laboratory experiment for undergraduate students. Centered on the design and application of functional materials， the experiment guides students through the independent synthesis of a halogen-bonded organic framework， designated as XOF-1， followed by systematic structural characterization， performance evaluation， and analytical application. The experiment is grounded in real-world environmental analysis challenges， requiring students to employ the synthesized material as a dispersive solid-phase extraction （DSPE） adsorbent for the selective enrichment of typical brominated flame retardants， including tetrabromobisphenol A （TBBPA）， tetrachlorobisphenol A （TCBPA）， and hexabromobenzene （HBB）， and to achieve the removal of TBBPA from actual water samples. The instructional process fully encompasses the workflow from material preparation and structural characterization to method development and performance assessment， enabling students to experience a complete research pathway from material design to practical application. This approach immerses them in the scientific inquiry cycle of theory-design-experiment-analysis. Through this experiment， students gain solid proficiency in synthesizing and characterizing functional materials and applying them to sample pretreatment. By engaging in experimental design， condition optimization， and data interpretation， they develop critical thinking， problem-solving skills， and capacity for independent inquiry. The exercise fosters deep integration of theoretical knowledge and practical skills， stimulates research interest， strengthens innovative and applied mindsets， and cultivates a sense of professional responsibility in environmental and public health. Ultimately， it achieves a cohesive blend of knowledge acquisition， competency development， and value cultivation， fulfilling the overarching goal of holistic education through experimental learning.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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