Full
Outline
In response to the challenges of significant water hammer protection difficulty at the terminal section of long-distance water conveyance projects and the complexity of dynamic regulation for pressure extremes, The characteristic line method for transient flow calculation was used to investigate the impact characteristics of dynamic closure of different branch line valves on pipeline pressure control during pump shutdown. Research demonstrates that in terminal water hammer protection for long-distance water supply pipelines, implementing a multi-unit one-way surge tank system with coordinated stepwise protection achieves good protective effect. When adopting a phased closure strategy for mainline-branch line valves, accelerating the closure of one branch valve can enhance protective performance. Reducing the cross-sectional area of one-way surge tanks can reduce the final water level of the towers, enabling dynamic regulation of pressure extremes without affecting the minimum pressure. The study elucidates the collaborative wave-dissipation mechanism between multi-tank joint protection and branch valve closure coordination. An optimal water hammer protection solution is proposed that balances engineering safety and economic benefit. These findings provide theoretical basis for designing long-distance water conveyance systems in complex terrains.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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