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In recent years, part of water conveyance buildings of the main canal of the middle route of the South-to-North Water Diversion project have high water level and abnormal flow pattern, which lead to the risk of reduced water conveyance capacity. Therefore, it is urgent to assess the head loss. However, there are no monitoring stations inside the buildings, the project operation has not reached the designed scale, and the monitoring data lacks verification. The monitoring data of water level and discharge of the main canal during the large water delivery period in 2022 were collected, and the third-party hydraulic prototype measurement was carried out, and the monitoring data was reviewed and corrected. A calculation method of head loss was put forward using comprehensive head loss coefficient. The head loss of 143 out of 158 water transport structures in the main canal was calculated under enlarged flow. The results show that there is surplus in the distribution of head in the main canal. The total surplus head of the whole line is 3.05 m, among which the surplus in the section south to the Yellow River, the section between the Yellow River and the Zhang River, the section north to the Zhang River are 0.48 m, 1.06 m and 1.51 m respectively, accounting for 4%, 13% and 12% of the allocated head, respectively. The head loss of 40 water conveyance buildings exceeded the assigned value, among which were 31 inverted siphon, 4 aqueduct, 4 culvert and 1 tunnel.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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