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The load rejection process is one of the most dangerous transients in pumped storage hydropower plants. The current design criteria of plant guarantee that the lowest pressure in draft-tube inlet is higher than the saturation pressure during transients, but there is still local cavitation inside the pump-turbines. The one-dimensional pipeline and three-dimensional pump-turbine coupled computational fluid dynamics simulation method was used to simulate the simultaneous load rejection process in a pumped-storage hydropower plant. The results show that a spiral cavitation cavity is in the center of the draft-tube inlet, and five wedge-shaped cavitation cavities are in the outlets of runner channels. The collapse of the spiral cavitation cavity in the draft-tube leads to instantaneous pulse impacts on the pressure and runner forces. There is no obvious impact when the wedge cavities collapse.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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