River bank collapse is very common in natural rivers and plays an important role in the evolution of river channels. In order to quantitatively study the influence of river bank soil properties and bank slope inclination on river bank stability, the BSTEM model for calculating river bank stability and bank toe erosion was adopted, and six typical river bank materials were selected to study the stability of homogeneous river banks under six bank slope inclination angles. Under the condition of ignoring the water table, the collapse modes of non-cohesive bank slope and cohesive bank slope are different. For non-cohesive bank, the dominant factor affecting bank stability is the effective internal friction angle. The larger the effective internal friction angle is, the more stable the bank is. For cohesive bank, the dominant factor affecting the stability of the cohesive bank is effective cohesion. The greater the effective cohesion is, the more stable the bank is. When the effective cohesion difference is the same, the smaller the absolute value of the effective internal friction angle difference is, the more the safety factor increases. The increase of bank slope inclination reduces river bank stability and the safety factor. The larger the effective internal friction angle of the non-cohesive bank is, the more sensitive the safety factor to the change of bank slope inclination is. For cohesive banks, the greater the effective cohesion is, the more sensitive the safety factor to the change of bank slope inclination is.