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The outlet area of river diversion tunnel in mountainous areas is characterized by large discharge per unit width, high flow velocity, deep riverbed overburden and low anti-scour flow velocity. The river bed at the outlet of the tunnel is severely scoured, and it is difficult to arrange large energy dissipation measures, so it is proposed to arrange small flip bucket at the outlet of the tunnel. On the basis of the physical model test to observe the flow pattern and river bed scouring in the outlet area of the tunnel, the numerical simulation method is used to calculate the flow field in the outlet area of the diversion tunnel, and the internal mechanism of the improvement of river bed scouring is studied. The results show that after adding a small flip bucket at the outlet of the diversion tunnel can increase the lateral diffusion of the high-speed flow out of the tunnel, reduce the unit width discharge, increase the local energy dissipation rate, and thus reduce the velocity of the river bank. The proportion of water body coming out of the tunnel with high flow velocity is obviously reduced, which makes the high-speed water flow unable to directly rush the landslide mass on the right bank, and reduces the flow velocity within the landslide mass. The width of water flow out of the tunnel increases, and the direction of water flow out of the tunnel becomes inclined upward, which weakens the impact on the landslide on the right bank, and significantly weakens the scouring of the outlet area of the diversion tunnel and the downstream river channel. This study can provide reference for engineering practice.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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