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The "reinforced concrete shield and riverbed" junction or pre-excavated pits at the end of the apron of a gate dam with supercritical flow connection mode are often damaged by foundation erosion, which not only leaves the apron in a suspended state, but may also cause the flow pattern at the end of the apron to deviate from the designed supercritical flow pattern, or even form a hydraulic jump like large-scale rolling and scouring riverbed, but there are few relevant research results. For the scenario that suspended foundation at the end of apron caused by local generalized scouring, the detailed observation and computational analysis of the flow patterns near the scour pits of different sizes at the end of the apron were carried out using physical model experiments and three-dimensional turbulence numerical modelling methods. Compared to the supercritical flow pattern at the end of the apron when the foundation is not scoured, the results show that the scour pits change the flow pattern significantly, and can be divided into three categories. The first category is the hydraulic jump upstream of the apron, the second category is the mixed flow in the scour pit and the third category is the quasi-periodic flow pattern consisting of the first two categories. The results of the flow evolution study can provide technical support for the analysis of large-scale damage to the retaining structure downstream of the dam apron, which has certain engineering application value.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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