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Exerting huge economic and social benefits, the construction and operation of water conservancy projects have an impact on the ecological environment of upstream and downstream reaches. However, it is also an effective way to regulate and improve the ecological environment by rationally optimizing the water storage and release process of the reservoir and carrying out targeted ecological management of the reservoir. From the perspective of ecological flow constraints, through data investigation and analysis, the appropriate flow ranges of the Yangtze River main stream conducive to the natural reproduction of the four major Chinese carps, Chinese sturgeon and the control of estuary salt tide intrusion were determined. Then, the optimal scheduling model of the Three Gorges Reservoir was established considering the downstream ecological flow constraints. Multi-objective reservoir ecological dispatching model is emphasized. The results show that the ecological flow of the lower reaches of the Three Gorges Reservoir was basically guaranteed during the wet season from May to September, but the ecological water shortage was prone to occur in different degrees in other seasons, especially in the dry years. For the optimal scheduling, the power generation and the monthly maximum ecological water shortage rate showed a positive relationship, indicating that the two scheduling objectives could not reach the optimum simultaneously. The power generation of the optimal scheduling in a typical dry year was between 80.2 billion and 83.5 billion kW·h, and the monthly maximum ecological water shortage rate was between 24% and 48%. The optimal scheme obtained by multi-objective dispatching can basically coordinate the ecological and power generation needs. On the basis of the downstream ecological flow needs, the power generation benefits increases by 4.07% compared to the design scheme.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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