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The friction factor of pipeline is a key parameter in the design calculation, operation scheduling optimization and fault diagnosis of water supply system. In order to determine this parameter accurately, an intelligent back-analysis method of pipe section friction factor based on dynamic search fireworks algorithm (dynFWA) coupled with hydraulic calculation model of pipe network was proposed. The partial derivative relationship between node water pressure and friction factor was taken as the node sensitivity. In the improved genetic algorithm, the maximum sum of node maximum sensitivity was taken as the goal to optimize the layout of monitoring points. Based on the optimized water pressure monitoring value at the monitoring point, the dynFWA algorithm was used to inverse the friction factor of each pipe section with the objective of minimizing the average double error between the water pressure monitoring value and the calculated value. In order to verify the inversion performance of dynFWA algorithm, the inversion of friction factor by dynFWA algorithm and particle swarm optimization (PSO) algorithm were compared. The results show that the maximum relative errors of the inverse value of the friction factor are 17.7% and 0.7% before and after the optimization of the monitoring points, which proves the necessity of the monitoring point selection and the superiority of the improved genetic algorithm for the monitoring point selection. Under the condition that the water pressure at the monitoring node is added to noise, the relative errors of the friction factor inversion results based on the dynFWA algorithm and the PSO algorithm are 9.67% and 14.33% respectively, and the maximum relative errors between the actual water pressure value and the simulated water pressure value at the monitoring point are 0.358% and 0.655%, which proves that the dynFWA algorithm has higher accuracy in the parameter inversion problem compared with the PSO algorithm.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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