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As the most basic precipitation collection equipment in the field of hydrometeorology, the tipping bucket rain gauge has the characteristics of practicality and good stability, but there are some deficiencies in the research on the tipping characteristics and mechanism of the tipping bucket rain gauge and the causes of the mechanical error of the tipping bucket rain gauge. In this study, the mechanism of the tipping process of tipping bucket rain gauge was explored by means of combination of numerical simulation and indoor experiment with high-speed camera. The results show that during the turnover process, the time from start to stop is about 0.35-0.40 s, the time t1 from start to level is relatively high, about 80%-85%, and the time t2 from level to stop is only about 0.05 s, and there is a slight rebound after the turnover touches the adjusting nut. During t1 period, water will be continuously injected into the tipping bucket, which is the fundamental reason for the change of additional water volume and mechanical error of rain gauge with rain intensity. The tipping bucket will pour out the water in a very short time (about 0.4 s), and because the tipping bucket will cause slight rebound when touching the stop bolt, it will cause the "double peak" phenomenon of the tipping flow of the rain gauge tipping bucket when pouring out the water, and it will increase with the small installation inclination of the tipping bucket on the left and right. The research results can provide basic theoretical support for the improvement of tipping bucket rain gauge in the future.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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