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In order to reduce the negative pressure of the steps, reduce the influence of cavitation erosion and improve the effect of step dissipation, the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier was added into the convex angle of the traditional steps to form trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator. The method of combining hydraulic model tests and numerical simulations was used to study the hydraulic characteristics of trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator. The results show that there is negative pressure on the horizontal and vertical surfaces of the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator near the convex angle, and there is a possibility of cavitation failure; However, the aeration concentration of the negative pressure area in the horizontal level and the vertical surface of the step is basically greater than 5%, which can effectively reduce the harm of cavitation erosion; Within the study range, the trapezoidal energy dissipation pier and step combined energy dissipator energy consumption rate can reach more than 70%, and the energy dissipation rate decreases with the increase of the flow rate. This combined energy dissipator is conducive to reducing the cavitation hazard of step and improving the effect of step energy consumption, which can provide a certain reference basis for the design of step energy dissipator and existing step spillway reinforcement.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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