This study analyzed the mechanism of groundwater gushing from Quaternary boreholes at Aishan section of the lower reaches of the Yellow River in autumn floods. Groundwater level analysis, meteorological analysis, runoff analysis of the Yellow River, combined with isotopic analysis of groundwater and surface water samples were used. The results show that the average groundwater level was increased more than 3 m, which reduced the groundwater runoff. The increase of groundwater level was the basic factor of groundwater gusher. Continuous high water level of the Yellow River and the intensive water replenishment of the Yellow River to groundwater directly led to the groundwater gushing. The warning groundwater level of wells near Aishan section of the lower reaches of the Yellow River was 39.5 m within the 500 m outside the dike. This paper provides a basic understanding for preventing groundwater gushing from wells outside the levee of the Yellow River, and it is helpful for the protection of the levee of the Yellow River.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |