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In view of a flood discharge hole of a hydropower station, two types of flip buckets were proposed. The experimental study was carried out with the arc bevel and the new upper and lower composite flip bucket for hydraulic model in flood discharge hole. The parameters of two types of flip buckets such as shape of the water jets, jet trajectory length and the depth of downstream scour hole were compared and analyzed. The test results show that the new type of flip bucket divides the water flow into two parts, forming two upper and lower parallel floors water jets, which fall into the river channel in a parabolic shape, and the width of the two layers of water jets is controlled within the range of the river channel. The trajectory water jets have a stable flow state and are fully diffused in space and plane. Compared with the arc bevel flip bucket, the scour depth of downstream riverbed, the surge height, and the bank flow velocity have all been reduced to a certain extent. Finally, the Ansys Fluent software was used to carry out numerical simulation verification of the designed new flip bucket, and the shape of the tongue, jet trajectory length, turbulent kinetic energy and turbulent kinetic energy dissipation rate under each working condition were obtained. Comparing with the results of numerical calculation and model test, the flow patterns of the two are consistent, and the results of the trajectory length and width of the water jets are basically consistent, which verifies the reliability of the numerical simulation, and provides convenience and technical support for research of ski-jump energy dissipation.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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