The pumped storage power stations are critical infrastructure for achieving carbon neutrality goals. Based on the three-dimensional computational fluid dynamics method, the head loss characteristics in the combined diversion shaft-surge chamber arrangement are investigated. Firstly, the three-dimensional model from the upstream inlet to the inlet of the unit is established. Then, the hydraulic characteristics under different arrangement types are analyzed. Finally, the influence of the diameter of the turning section and the impedance holes on the head loss is explored under the combination arrangement. The results indicate that the pressure distributions are similar in combined and uncombined arrangements. The hydrodynamic characteristics are not deteriorated and reflective water hammer is more effective in combined arrangements. Under the combined arrangement, the larger the diameter of the turning section and the impedance hole, the smaller the head loss coefficient is. This study can provide theoretical references for the design of new structures for pumped storage power stations.
| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |