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The number of long-distance, high drop, pressurized, and self-flowing water pipeline projects is increasing in the northwest region. Most of the pipelines show undulating shapes, and the hydraulic transition process of the entire pipeline system becomes very complex during operation and regulation. When the water hammer protection setting is unreasonable, it will lead to pipe explosion, seriously threatening the safety of people and property. In order to ensure the safe operation of the entire system, the characteristic line method and the HAMMER V8i water hammer analysis software were used to analyze the hydraulic transition process of a long and high drop inverted siphon in a water transmission project. By setting isolation and maintenance valves, submerged energy dissipation valves, and exhaust valves along the pipeline, and setting regulating valves at the end of the pipeline, the positive pressure of the pipeline system is effectively controlled during normal operation and valve closure. By simulating the hydraulic transition process of the pipeline system under different flow rates after pipe explosion, the installation of water hammer protection equipment minimizes the harm caused by pipe explosion. The flow rate of the pipeline system after complete pipe explosion is not continuous. The action time and operation rules of the water hammer protection equipment for long-distance and high drop inverted siphon lines play a crucial role in the safety of the entire system. The research results can provide reference for the similar projects.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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