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Identification and compensation of friction and force ripple in PMSLM based on the time-domain analysis of relay feedback
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Xiang Zhang, Fuzhao Chen, Qian Chen, Yongjing Ma, Xiuwei Tong, Zhenhong Wang
Railway Sciences | 2025, 4(4) : 475 - 493
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Railway Sciences | 2025, 4(4): 475-493
Technical paper
Identification and compensation of friction and force ripple in PMSLM based on the time-domain analysis of relay feedback
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Xiang Zhang, Fuzhao Chen, Qian Chen, Yongjing Ma, Xiuwei Tong, Zhenhong Wang
Affiliations
  • China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Locomotive and Car Research Institute, Beijing, China
  • CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., CRRC Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
  • Brake Development Department, Beijing Zongheng Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
  • CRRC Tangshan Co., Ltd., CRRC Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
  • Fuzhao Chen received his Master's degree in Control Science and Engineering from Beijing Jiaotong University. He currently serves as an assistant researcher at the Locomotive & Car Research Institute of the China Academy of Railway Sciences. He is engaged in scientific research on train braking systems, and the train braking systems he has participated in developing have been widely applied.

Published: 2025-08-10 doi: 10.1108/RS-05-2025-0014
Outline
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Purpose

This study aims to propose a novel identification method to accurately estimate linear and nonlinear dynamics in permanent magnet synchronous linear motor (PMSLM) based on the time-domain analysis of relay feedback.

Design/methodology/approach

A mathematical model of the PMSLM-based servo-mechanical system was first established, incorporating the aforementioned nonlinearities. The model's velocity response was derived by analyzing its behavior as a first-order system under arbitrary input. To induce oscillatory dynamics, an ideal relay with artificially introduced dead-time components was then integrated into the servo-mechanism. Depending on the oscillations and the time-domain analysis, nonlinear formulas were deduced according to the velocity response of the servo-mechanism. Afterwards, the unknown model parameters can be solved on account of the cost function which utilizes the discrepancy between nominal position characteristics and temporary position characteristics, both of which are extracted from the oscillations. The proposed recognition method was validated through a two-stage process: (1) numerical simulation and calculation, followed by (2) real-time experimental verification on a direct-drive servo platform. Subsequently, leveraging the identification results, a novel control strategy was developed and its tracking performance was benchmarked against conventional control schemes.

Findings

Simulation results demonstrate that the proposed method achieves estimation accuracy within 8%. Building on this, a novel control strategy is developed by incorporating both friction pulsation and force pulsation identification results into the feedforward compensator. Comparative experiments reveal that this strategy significantly enhances tracking and positioning performance over traditional control schemes. In a word, this new identification method can be used in different process control and servo control systems. Moreover, parameter auto-tuning, feed forward compensation or disturbance observer can be investigated based on the obtained information to improve the system stability and control accuracy.

Originality/value

It is of great significance for the performance improvement of rail transit motor control equipment, such as electro-mechanical braking systems. By enhancing the efficiency of motor control, the performance of the product will be more outstanding.

Motor control  /  PMSLM  /  Relay feedback  /  Force ripple  /  Friction  /  Relay parameters
Xiang Zhang, Fuzhao Chen, Qian Chen, Yongjing Ma, Xiuwei Tong, Zhenhong Wang. Identification and compensation of friction and force ripple in PMSLM based on the time-domain analysis of relay feedback[J]. Railway Sciences, 2025 , 4 (4) : 475 -493 . DOI: 10.1108/RS-05-2025-0014
Year 2025 volume 4 Issue 4
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Article Info
doi: 10.1108/RS-05-2025-0014
  • Receive Date:2025-05-05
  • Online Date:2026-06-11
  • Published:2025-08-10
Article Data
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History
  • Received:2025-05-05
  • Revised:2025-06-11
  • Accepted:2025-06-13
Affiliations
    China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Locomotive and Car Research Institute, Beijing, China
    CRRC Changchun Railway Vehicles Co., Ltd., CRRC Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
    Brake Development Department, Beijing Zongheng Electromechanical Technology Co., Ltd., China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Beijing, China
    CRRC Tangshan Co., Ltd., CRRC Corporation Limited, Beijing, China

Corresponding:

Fuzhao Chen can be contacted at:
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

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Number of
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Number of
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鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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