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A clip-on composite sensor based packaging design method for fiber Bragg grating axle counter
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Mengyao Zhao, Xueyun Cao, Longsheng Wang, Yang Peng, Tao Wang
Railway Sciences | 2025, 4(5) : 647 - 665
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Railway Sciences | 2025, 4(5): 647-665
Research article
A clip-on composite sensor based packaging design method for fiber Bragg grating axle counter
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Mengyao Zhao, Xueyun Cao, Longsheng Wang, Yang Peng, Tao Wang
Affiliations
  • China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Communication and Signaling Research Institute, Beijing, China
  • Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao, China
  • China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Communication and Signaling Research Institute, Beijing, China
  • Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao, China
  • Longsheng Wang received his Ph.D degree from Beijing Jiaotong University in 2016. He is currently working at Signal & Communication Research Institute, China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited. His current research interests include Railway Signal Control, Cloud-Based Signalling System, auomatic train operation and model predictive control.

Published: 2025-10-10 doi: 10.1108/RS-07-2025-0023
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Purpose

To address the encapsulation challenge of fiber Bragg grating (FBG) sensors in complex railway environments, this paper designs a clip-on composite sensor enabling installation-friendly deployment and long-term axle counting system monitoring.

Design/methodology/approach

Wheel-rail mechanical behavior was simulated via finite element analysis (FEA) to determine optimal sensor placement. A clip-on composite sensor was subsequently engineered. Stress transduction efficacy was validated through FEA quantification of stress responses at the axle counter location. Findings - The proposed FBG axle counter integrates temperature compensation and anti-detachment monitoring as well as advantages such as simplified installation with minimal maintenance and sustained operational reliability. It effectively transmits stress, yielding a measured strain of 39 μe under static loading conditions without sensitivity-enhancing elements.

Originality/value

This study performs FEA of wheel-rail stress distribution and engineers the dual-slot composite sensor, FEAwas conducted to quantify the stress magnitude at the axle sensor position of the dual-slot composite sensor. Additionally, FEA was performed on sensors with different structural configurations, including adjustments to the axle sensor position, number of slots and axle position. The results confirmed that the designed composite sensor exhibits superior stress transfer characteristics.

Fiber Bragg grating  /  Axle counting  /  Finite element  /  Sensor  /  Wheel-rail forces
Mengyao Zhao, Xueyun Cao, Longsheng Wang, Yang Peng, Tao Wang. A clip-on composite sensor based packaging design method for fiber Bragg grating axle counter[J]. Railway Sciences, 2025 , 4 (5) : 647 -665 . DOI: 10.1108/RS-07-2025-0023
Year 2025 volume 4 Issue 5
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Article Info
doi: 10.1108/RS-07-2025-0023
  • Receive Date:2025-07-03
  • Online Date:2026-06-11
  • Published:2025-10-10
Article Data
Affiliations
History
  • Received:2025-07-03
  • Revised:2025-08-11
  • Accepted:2025-09-04
Affiliations
    China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Communication and Signaling Research Institute, Beijing, China
    Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao, China
    China Academy of Railway Sciences Corporation Limited, Communication and Signaling Research Institute, Beijing, China
    Department of Optoelectronic Science and Engineering, China University of Petroleum East China, Qingdao, China

Corresponding:

Longsheng Wang can be contacted at:
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表12种不同金属材料的力学参数

Family
属数
Number of
genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of
total species (%)

Genus
种数
Number of
species
占总种数比例
Percentage of total
species (%)
鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae 2 11 5.26 鹅膏菌属 Amanita 10 4.78
小菇科 Mycenaceae 2 12 5.74 丝盖伞属 Inocybe 5 2.39
多孔菌科 Polyporaceae 8 14 6.70 蜡蘑属 Laccaria 5 2.39
红菇科 Russulaceae 3 23 11.00 小皮伞属 Marasmius 6 2.87
小菇属 Mycena 11 5.26
光柄菇属 Pluteus 5 2.39
红菇属 Russula 17 8.13
栓菌属 Trametes 5 2.39
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