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Anchor-shotcrete support has been widely applied in underground rock mass engineering globally, where the anchoring of bolts plays a crucial role in stabilizing the mortar-rock interface. In this study, triaxial compression tests were conducted on anchored mortar-rock composite specimens under varying confining pressures, and the failure mechanisms of the anchored mortar-rock composites were investigated using acoustic emission (AE) and three-dimensional morphology scanning techniques. The results indicate that the bolt inclination angle significantly influences the plastic deformation and compressive strength of the mortar-rock composites during triaxial compression tests. The composite specimens with a bolt inclination angle of 90° between the bolt and the mortar-rock interface exhibited the optimal load-bearing performance. As the confining pressure increased, the anchored mortar-rock composites primarily underwent plastic deformation, reducing the property differences caused by varying bolt angles. The bolt angles led to four distinct failure modes in the mortar-rock composites. The acoustic emission (AE) signals during the tests demonstrated that the mortar-rock composites with a bolt inclination angle of 90° exhibited the highest stability. Additionally, the study revealed that the morphological parameters of the mortar-rock interface varied positively with the bolt inclination angle. Finally, a strength model for the anchored mortar-rock composites under triaxial compression was derived. The reliability of the strength model was validated by comparing the experimental results with the model predictions under four different confining pressures.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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