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Outline
The oxygen reduction reaction (ORR) is essential for fuel cells and metal-air batteries, but its slow kinetics and high overpotential restrict battery performance. Traditional platinum-based catalysts are expensive, have limited reserves and exhibit poor stability, hindering large-scale commercialization. This paper reviews recent advances in the research of biomass/coal/-based electrocatalysts for ORR. Covering key aspects such as raw material properties, preparation methods, structural regulation, and practical application cases, this work aims to provide theoretical guidance for developing high-performance, low-cost non-precious metal ORR carbon electrocatalysts. In order to improve the performance of carbon-based ORR electrocatalysts and promote their industrialization, future investigations into guaranteeing raw material homogeneity, precisely regulating of active sites, optimizing structural design, and developing large-scale preparation procedures will serve as the key directions for its further breakthrough in performance and industrialization.
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| 科 Family | 属数 Number of genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) | 属 Genus | 种数 Number of species | 占总种数比例 Percentage of total species (%) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| 鹅膏菌科Amanitaceae | 2 | 11 | 5.26 | 鹅膏菌属 Amanita | 10 | 4.78 |
| 小菇科 Mycenaceae | 2 | 12 | 5.74 | 丝盖伞属 Inocybe | 5 | 2.39 |
| 多孔菌科 Polyporaceae | 8 | 14 | 6.70 | 蜡蘑属 Laccaria | 5 | 2.39 |
| 红菇科 Russulaceae | 3 | 23 | 11.00 | 小皮伞属 Marasmius | 6 | 2.87 |
| 小菇属 Mycena | 11 | 5.26 | ||||
| 光柄菇属 Pluteus | 5 | 2.39 | ||||
| 红菇属 Russula | 17 | 8.13 | ||||
| 栓菌属 Trametes | 5 | 2.39 |
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