Low-bandgap formamidinium-cesium (FA-Cs) perovskites of FA_1-xCs_xPbI₃ () are promising candidates for efficient and robust perovskite solar cells, but their black-phase crystallization is very sensitive to annealing temperature. Unfortunately, the low heat conductivity of the glass substrate builds up a temperature gradient within from bottom to top and makes the initial annealing temperature of the perovskite film lower than the black-phase crystallization point (~150°C). Herein, we take advantage of such temperature gradient for the diffusional growth of high-quality FA-Cs perovskites by introducing a thermally unstable MA⁺ cation, which would firstly form α-phase FA-MA-Cs mixed perovskites with low formation energy at the hot bottom of the perovskite films in the early annealing stage. The natural gradient annealing temperature and the thermally unstable MA⁺ cation then lead to the bottom-to-top diffusional growth of highly orientated α-phase FA-Cs perovskite, which exhibits 10-fold of enhanced crystallinity and reduced trap density (~3.85\times {10}^{15}\text{c}{\text{m}}^{-3}). Eventually, such FA-Cs perovskite films were fabricated into stable solar cell devices with champion efficiency up to 23.11%, among the highest efficiency of MA-free perovskite solar cells.

Echolocating bats possess remarkable capability of multitarget spatial localization and micromotion sensing in a full field of view (FFOV) even in cluttered environments. Artificial technologies with such capability are highly desirable for various fields. However, current techniques such as visual sensing and laser scanning suffer from numerous fundamental problems. Here, we develop a bioinspired concept of millimeter-wave (mmWave) full-field micromotion sensing, creating a unique mmWave Bat (“mmWBat”), which can map and quantify tiny motions spanning macroscopic to μm length scales of full-field targets simultaneously and accurately. In mmWBat, we show that the micromotions can be measured via the interferometric phase evolution tracking from range-angle joint dimension, integrating with full-field localization and tricky clutter elimination. With our approach, we demonstrate the capacity to solve challenges in three disparate applications: multiperson vital sign monitoring, full-field mechanical vibration measurement, and multiple sound source localization and reconstruction (radiofrequency microphone). Our work could potentially revolutionize full-field micromotion monitoring in a wide spectrum of applications, while may inspiring novel biomimetic wireless sensing systems.

Recently, combination immunotherapy, which incorporates the activation of the immune system and inhibition of immune escape, has been proved to be a new powerful strategy for more efficient tumor suppression compared to monotherapy. However, the major challenge is how to integrate multiple immune drugs together and efficiently convey these drugs to tumor sites. Although a variety of nanomaterials have been exploited as carriers for targeting tumor issues and the delivery of multiple drugs, their potential toxicity, immune rejection, and stability are still controversial for clinical application. Here, we proposed endogenic exosomes as drug carriers to deliver two antibodies acting as tumor-targeting molecules and block checkpoint inhibitors with specific response to the tumor microenvironment and costimulatory molecules for further improvement of therapeutic effect. The versatile exosomes exhibit excellent biocompatibility and provide a combination immunotherapy platform with synergistic advantages of activation of immune response and inhibition of immune escape.

Symmetric 1,3-diketones with fluorine or fluorinated substituents on the prochiral carbon remain to be established. Herein, we have developed a novel prochiral fluorinated oxindanyl 1,3-diketone and successfully applied these substrates in carbene-catalyzed asymmetric desymmetrization. Accordingly, a versatile strategy for asymmetric generation of organofluorines with fluorine or fluorinated methyl groups has been developed. Multiple stereogenic centers were selectively constructed with satisfactory outcomes. Structurally diverse enantioenriched organofluorines were generated with excellent results in terms of yields, diastereoselectivities, and enantioselectivities. Notably, exchanging fluorinated methyl groups to fluorine for this prochiral 1,3-diketones leads to switchable stereoselectivity. Mechanistic aspects and origin of stereoselectivity were studied by DFT calculations. Notably, some of the prepared organofluorines demonstrated competitive antibacterial activities.

Animal models of human diseases are vital in better understanding the mechanism of pathogenesis and essential for evaluating and validating potential therapeutic interventions. As close relatives of humans, nonhuman primates (NHPs) play an increasingly indispensable role in advancing translational medicine research. In this review, we summarized the progress of NHP models generated by embryo engineering, analyzed their unique advantages in mimicking clinical patients, and discussed the remaining gap between basic research of NHP models to translational medicine.

Human metallothionein (MT) is a small-size yet efficient metal-binding protein, playing an essential role in metal homeostasis and heavy metal detoxification. MT contains two domains, each forming a polynuclear metal cluster with an exquisite hexatomic ring structure. The apoprotein is intrinsically disordered, which may strongly influence the clusters and the metal-thiolate (M-S) bonds, leading to a highly dynamic structure. However, these features are challenging to identify due to the transient nature of these species. The individual signal from dynamic conformations with different states of the cluster and M-S bond will be averaged and blurred in classic ensemble measurement. To circumvent these problems, we combined a single-molecule approach and multiscale molecular simulations to investigate the rupture mechanism and chemical stability of the metal cluster by a single MT molecule, focusing on the Zn₄S₁₁ cluster in the α domain upon unfolding. Unusual multiple unfolding pathways and intermediates are observed for both domains, corresponding to different combinations of M-S bond rupture. None of the pathways is clearly preferred suggesting that unfolding proceeds from the distribution of protein conformational substates with similar M-S bond strengths. Simulations indicate that the metal cluster may rearrange, forming and breaking metal-thiolate bonds even when MT is folded independently of large protein backbone reconfiguration. Thus, a highly dynamic polynuclear metal cluster with multiple conformational states is revealed in MT, responsible for the binding promiscuity and diverse cellular functions of this metal-carrier protein.

The facial expressions are a mirror of the elusive emotion hidden in the mind, and thus, capturing expressions is a crucial way of merging the inward world and virtual world. However, typical facial expression recognition (FER) systems are restricted by environments where faces must be clearly seen for computer vision, or rigid devices that are not suitable for the time-dynamic, curvilinear faces. Here, we present a robust, highly wearable FER system that is based on deep-learning-assisted, soft epidermal electronics. The epidermal electronics that can fully conform on faces enable high-fidelity biosignal acquisition without hindering spontaneous facial expressions, releasing the constraint of movement, space, and light. The deep learning method can significantly enhance the recognition accuracy of facial expression types and intensities based on a small sample. The proposed wearable FER system is superior for wide applicability and high accuracy. The FER system is suitable for the individual and shows essential robustness to different light, occlusion, and various face poses. It is totally different from but complementary to the computer vision technology that is merely suitable for simultaneous FER of multiple individuals in a specific place. This wearable FER system is successfully applied to human-avatar emotion interaction and verbal communication disambiguation in a real-life environment, enabling promising human-computer interaction applications.

Programing the self-assembly of colloidal nanoparticles into predetermined superstructures represents an attractive strategy to realize functional assemblies and novel nanodevices, but it remains a challenge. Herein, gold nanoarrows (GNAs) showing a distinct convex-concave structure were employed as unique building blocks for programmable self-assembly involving multiple assembly modes. Regioselective adsorption of 1,10-decanedithiol on the vertexes, edges, and facets of GNAs allowed for programmable self-assembly of GNAs with five distinct assembly modes, and regioselective blocking with 1-dodecanethiol followed by adsorption of 1,10-decanedithiol gave rise to programmable self-assembly with six assembly modes including three novel wing-engaged modes. The assembly mode was essentially determined by regioselective adsorption of the dithiol linker dictated by the local curvature together with the shape complementarity of GNAs. This approach reveals how the geometric morphology of nanoparticles affects their regioselective functionalization and drives their self-assembly.

Quantum search algorithm, which can search an unsorted database quadratically faster than any known classical algorithms, has become one of the most impressive showcases of quantum computation. It has been implemented using various quantum schemes. Here, we demonstrate both theoretically and experimentally that such a fast search algorithm can also be realized using classical electric circuits. The classical circuit networks to perform such a fast search have been designed. It has been shown that the evolution of electric signals in the circuit networks is analogies of quantum particles randomly walking on graphs described by quantum theory. The searching efficiencies in our designed classical circuits are the same to the quantum schemes. Because classical circuit networks possess good scalability and stability, the present scheme is expected to avoid some problems faced by the quantum schemes. Thus, our findings are advantageous for information processing in the era of big data.

The rational design of an outer shell is of great significance to promote the photocatalytic efficiency of core-shell structured photocatalysts. Herein, a covalent organic framework (COF) nanoshell was designed and deposited on the cadmium sulfide (CdS) core surface. A typical COF material, TPPA, featuring exceptional stability, was synthesized through interfacial polymerization using 1, 3, 5-triformylphloroglucinol (TP) and p-phenylenediamine (PA) as monomers. The nanoshell endows the CdS@TPPA nanosphere with ordered channels for unimpeded light-harvesting and fast diffusion of reactants/products and well-defined modular building blocks for spatially charge separation. Moreover, the heterojunction formed between CdS and TPPA can further facilitate the effective charge separation at the interface via lower exciton binding energy compared with that of pristine TPPA. By modulating the thickness of TPPA nanoshell, the CdS@TPPA nanosphere photocatalyst with the nanoshell thickness of about 8\pm 1\text{nm} exhibits the highest photocatalytic H₂ evolution of 194.1  μmol h^-1 (24.3 mmol g^-1 h^-1, 8 mg), which is superior to most of the reported COF-based photocatalysts. The framework nanoshell in this work may stimulate the thinking about how to design advanced shell architecture in the core-shell structured photocatalysts to achieve coordinated charge and molecule transport.