Inorganic micro light-emitting diodes (micro-LEDs) based on III-V compound semiconductors have been widely studied for self-emissive displays. From chips to applications, integration technology plays an indispensable role in micro-LED displays. For example, large-scale display relies on the integration of discrete device dies to achieve extended micro-LED array, and full color display requires integration of red, green, and blue micro-LED units on the same substrate. Moreover, the integration with transistors or complementary metal-oxide-semiconductor circuits are necessary to control and drive the micro-LED display system. In this review article, we summarized the 3 main integration technologies for micro-LED displays, which are called transfer integration, bonding integration, and growth integration. An overview of the characteristics of these 3 integration technologies is presented, while various strategies and challenges of integrated micro-LED display system are discussed.

Stress granules (SGs) are membraneless cytoplasmic condensates that dynamically assemble in response to various stressors and reversibly disassemble after stimulus removal; however, the mechanisms underlying SG dynamics and their physiological roles in germ cell development are elusive. Here, we show that SERBP1 (SERPINE1 mRNA binding protein 1) is a universal SG component and conserved regulator of SG clearance in somatic and male germ cells. SERBP1 interacts with the SG core component G3BP1 and 26S proteasome proteins PSMD10 and PSMA3 and recruits them to SGs. In the absence of SERBP1, reduced 20S proteasome activity, mislocalized valosin containing protein (VCP) and Fas associated factor family member 2 (FAF2), and diminished K63-linked polyubiquitination of G3BP1 during the SG recovery period were observed. Interestingly, the depletion of SERBP1 in testicular cells in vivo causes increased germ cell apoptosis upon scrotal heat stress. Accordingly, we propose that a SERBP1-mediated mechanism regulates 26S proteasome activity and G3BP1 ubiquitination to facilitate SG clearance in both somatic and germ cell lines.

Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer with high mortality, and the efficacy of monotherapy for TNBC is still disappointing. Here, we developed a novel combination therapy for TNBC based on a multifunctional nanohollow carbon sphere. This intelligent material contains a superadsorbed silicon dioxide sphere, sufficient loading space, a nanoscale hole on its surface, a robust shell, and an outer bilayer, and it could load both programmed cell death protein 1/programmed cell death ligand 1 (PD-1/PD-L1) small-molecule immune checkpoints and small-molecule photosensitizers with excellent loading contents, protect these small molecules during the systemic circulation, and achieve accumulation of them in tumor sites after systemic administration followed by the application of laser irradiation, thereby realizing dual attack of photodynamic therapy and immunotherapy on tumors. Importantly, we integrated the fasting-mimicking diet condition that can further enhance the cellular uptake efficiency of nanoparticles in tumor cells and amplify the immune responses, further enhancing the therapeutic effect. Thus, a novel combination therapy “PD-1/PD-L1 immune checkpoint blockade + photodynamic therapy + fasting-mimicking diet”was developed with the aid of our materials, which eventually achieved a marked therapeutic effect in 4T1-tumor-bearing mice. The concept can also be applied to the clinical treatment of human TNBC with guiding significance in the future.

The real-world vaccine protection rates (VPRs) against the severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS‑CoV‑2) infection are critical in formulating future vaccination strategies against the virus. Based on a varying coefficient stochastic epidemic model, we obtain 7 countries’ real-world VPRs using daily epidemiological and vaccination data, and find that the VPRs improved with more vaccine doses. The average VPR of the full vaccination was 82% (SE: 4%) and 61% (SE: 3%) in the pre-Delta and Delta-dominated periods, respectively. The Omicron variant reduced the average VPR of the full vaccination to 39% (SE: 2%). However, the booster dose restored the VPR to 63% (SE: 1%) which was significantly above the 50% threshold in the Omicron-dominated period. Scenario analyses show that the existing vaccination strategies have significantly delayed and reduced the timing and the magnitude of the infection peaks, respectively, and doubling the existing booster coverage would lead to 29% fewer confirmed cases and 17% fewer deaths in the 7 countries compared to the outcomes at the existing booster taking rates. These call for higher full vaccine and booster coverage for all countries.

The durability of the resin–dentin bonding interface is a key issue in clinical esthetic dentistry. Inspired by the extraordinary bioadhesive properties of marine mussels in a wet environment, we designed and synthetized N-2-(3,4-dihydroxylphenyl) acrylamide (DAA) according to the functional domain of mussel adhesive proteins. DAA’s properties of collagen cross-linking, collagenase inhibition, inducing collagen mineralization in vitro, and as a novel prime monomer for clinical dentin adhesion use, its optimal parameters, and effect on the adhesive longevity and the bonding interface’s integrity and mineralization, were evaluated in vitro and in vivo. The results showed that oxide DAA can inhibit the activity of collagenase and cross collagen fibers to improve the anti-enzymatic hydrolysis of collagen fibers and induce intrafibrillar and interfibrillar collagen mineralization. As a primer used in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system, oxide DAA can improve the durability and integrity of the bonding interface by anti-degradation and mineralization of the exposed collagen matrix. Oxidized DAA (OX-DAA) is a promising primer for improving dentin durability; using 5% OX-DAA ethanol solution and treating the etched dentin surface for 30 s is the optimal choice when used as a primer in the etch-rinse tooth adhesive system.

Efficient regulation of thermal radiation is an effective way to conserve energy consumption of buildings. Because windows are the least energy-efficient part of buildings, their thermal radiation regulation is highly demanded, especially in the changing environment, but is still a challenge. Here, by employing a kirigami structure, we design a variable-angle thermal reflector as a transparent envelope of windows for their thermal radiation modulation. The envelope can be easily switched between heating and cooling modes by loading different pre-stresses, which endow the envelope windows with the ability of temperature regulation, and the interior temperature of a building model can be reduced by ~3.3 °C under cooling mode and increased by ~3.9 °C under heating mode in the outdoor test. The improved thermal management of windows by the adaptive envelope provides an extra heating, ventilation, and air-conditioning energy savings percentage of 13% to 29% per year for buildings located in different climate zones around the world, making the kirigami envelope windows a promising way for energy-saving utilization.

Akkermansia muciniphila (A. muciniphila) has drawn much attention as an important gut microbe strain in recent years. A. muciniphila can influence the occurrence and development of diseases of the endocrine, nervous, digestive, musculoskeletal, and respiratory systems and other diseases. It can also improve immunotherapy for some cancers. A. muciniphila is expected to become a new probiotic in addition to Lactobacillus and Bifidobacterium. An increase in A. muciniphila abundance through direct or indirect A. muciniphila supplementation may inhibit or even reverse disease progression. However, some contrary findings are found in type 2 diabetes mellitus and neurodegenerative diseases, where increased A. muciniphila abundance may aggravate the diseases. To enable a more comprehensive understanding of the role of A. muciniphila in diseases, we summarize the relevant information on A. muciniphila in different systemic diseases and introduce regulators of A. muciniphila abundance to promote the clinical transformation of A. muciniphila research.

Oncolytic viruses (OVs) as one promising antitumor methods have made important contributions to tumor immunotherapy, which arouse increasing attention. They provide the dual mechanisms including direct killing effect toward tumor cells and immune activation for elevating antitumor responses, which have been proved in many preclinical studies. Especially, natural or genetically modified viruses as clinical immune preparations have emerged as a new promising approach objective to oncology treatment. The approval of talimogene laherparepvec (T-VEC) by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the therapy of advanced melanoma could be considered as a milestone achievement in the clinical translation of OV. In this review, we first discussed the antitumor mechanisms of OVs with an emphasis on targeting, replication, and propagation. We further outlined the state of the art of current OVs in tumor and underlined the activated biological effects especially including immunity. More significantly, the enhanced immune responses based on OVs were systematically discussed from different perspectives such as combination with immunotherapy, genetic engineering of OVs, integration with nanobiotechnology or nanoparticles, and antiviral response counteraction, where their principles were shed light on. The development of OVs in the clinics was also highlighted to analyze the actuality and concerns of different OV applications in clinical trials. At last, the future perspectives and challenges of OVs as an already widely accepted treatment means were discussed. This review will provide a systematic review and deep insight into OV development and also offer new opportunities and guidance pathways to drive the further clinical translation.

Emerging discoveries about undocumented acyltransferase activities of known histone acetyltransferases (HATs) advance our understandings in the regulation of histone modifications. However, the molecular basis of HATs selecting acyl coenzyme A (acyl-CoA) substrates for histone modification is less known. We here report that lysine acetyltransferase 2A (KAT2A) as an illustrative instance of HATs can selectively utilize acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, and succinyl-CoA to directly deposit 18 histone acylation hallmarks in nucleosome. By analyzing the co-crystal structures of the catalytic domain of KAT2A in complex with acetyl-CoA, propionyl-CoA, butyryl-CoA, malonyl-CoA, succinyl-CoA, and glutaryl-CoA, we conclude that the alternative substrate-binding pocket of KAT2A and the length and electrostatic features of the acyl chain cooperatively determine the selection of the acyl-CoA substrates by KAT2A. This study reveals the molecular basis underlying the pluripotency of HATs that selectively install acylation hallmarks in nucleosomes, which might serve as instrumental mechanism to precisely regulate histone acylation profiles in cells.

Industry 4.0 is a digital paradigm that refers to the integration of cutting-edge computing and digital technologies into global industries because of which the state of manufacturing, communication, and control of smart industries has changed altogether. Industry 4.0 has been profoundly influenced by some major disruptive technologies such as the Internet of Things (IoT), smart sensors, machine learning and artificial intelligence, cloud computing, big data analytics, advanced robotics, augmented reality, 3D printing, and smart adaptive communication. In this review paper, we discuss physical layer-based solutions with a focus on high reliability and seamless connectivity for Industry 4.0 and beyond applications. First, we present a harmonized review of the industrial revolution journey, industrial communication infrastructure, key performance requirements, and potential sub-6-GHz frequency bands. Then, based on that, we present a comprehensive review of intelligent tunable dynamic antenna systems at sub-6 GHz as key enablers for next-generation smart industrial applications. State-of-the-art smart antenna techniques such as agile pattern reconfigurability using electrical components, machine learning- and artificial intelligence-based agile beam-scanning antennas, and beam-steerable dynamic metasurface antennas are thoroughly reviewed and emphasized. We unfolded the exciting prospects of reconfigurable dynamic antennas for intelligent and reliable connectivity in application scenarios of Industry 4.0 and beyond such as Industrial IoT and smart manufacturing.