¹Institute for Advanced Interdisciplinary Research (iAIR), University of Jinan, Jinan 250022, China.

²State Key Laboratory of Precision Welding and Joining of Materials and Structures, Harbin Institute of Technology, Harbin 150001, China.

³Chongqing Research Institute of HIT, Chongqing 401135, China.

⁴National Laboratory of Solid State Microstructures, College of Engineering and Applied Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Artificial Functional Materials and Collaborative Innovation Center of Advanced Microstructures, Nanjing University, Nanjing 210023, China.

⁵State Key Laboratory of Crystal Materials, Shandong University, Jinan 250100, China.

⁶Soochow Institute for Energy and Materials Innovation, College of Energy, Key Laboratory of Advanced Carbon Materials and Wearable Energy Technologies of Jiangsu Province, Key Laboratory of Core Technology of High Specific Energy Battery and Key Materials for Petroleum and Chemical Industry, Soochow University, Suzhou 215006, China.

⁷Electron Beam Emergent Additive Manufacturing (EBEAM) Centre, Institute of Environmental Technology (IET), Centre for Energy and Environmental Technologies (CEET), VSB—Technical University of Ostrava, 708 33 Ostrava, Czech Republic.

⁸Institute for Materials Chemistry, Leibniz Institute for Solid State and Materials Research Dresden (IFW Dresden), Dresden 01069, Germany.

⁹Interfaces, Confinement, Matériaux et Nanostructures, CNRS-Orléans, UMR7374, Orléans 45071, France.