¹National Engineering Research Center of Electric Vehicles, Beijing Co-innovation Centre for Electric Vehicles, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

²Beijing Key Laboratory of Construction Tailorable Advanced Functional Materials and Green Applications, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Beijing Institute of Technology, Beijing 100081, China.

³Institute of Automation, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100190, China.

⁴Institute of Nuclear and New Energy Technology, Tsinghua University, Beijing 100084, China.

⁵Beijing Institute of Technology Chongqing Innovation Center, Chongqing 401120, China.